PUBLIC HEARING: METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY (MTA) BUDGET AND FINANCES TO EXAMINE THE CHANGES NECESSARY TO PREVENT ANNUAL OPERATING DEFICITS, STOP THE CONTINUING CYCLE OF INCREASED FARES AND DECREASED SERVICES, AND DISCUSS FUNDING OPTIONS FOR THE CAPITAL PLAN

Move NY 177 177 6 7 ---oOo--- 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I'm just going to give 2 the members about two minutes more because travel is 3 somewhat delayed. 4 We will be on hold for two more minutes, and 5 then we'll start. 6 [Pause in the proceeding.] 7 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you. 8 This is a hearing of the Senate 9 Infrastructure and Capital Investment, and the 10 Transportation, Committee. 11 I'm Chair of the Infrastructure Committee. 12 Senator Robach is Chair of the Transportation 13 Committee. I am his Vice Chair. 14 The purposes of this hearing is to examine 15 changes, any changes, that may be necessary to 16 prevent annual operating deficits in the MTA and 17 stop the continuing cycle of increased fares and 18 decreased services. 19 The MTA provides public transportation in and 20 around the New York City area, stretching into 21 seven counties in New York State and two counties in 22 Connecticut. 23 The system includes the Long Island Railroad, 24 the Metro-North Railroad, Staten Island Railway, the 25 Long Island Bus, MTA Bus, New York City Transit, and 1 the bridges and tunnels into New York City. 2 The MTA has an operating budget of about 3 14.4 billion. 4 In deference to "Mr. Spock" passing away, I'm 5 going to say, 14.467.92, approximately. 6 We won't do that. 7 But, with over 69,000 employees for 2015, 8 with a predicted operating-budget deficit of 9 322 million in 2018. 10 Chairman Prendergast, if you would correct me 11 if I'm wrong, when you -- in your comments, if I've 12 made any errors in the numbers. 13 The proposed 32.1 billion capital program for 14 2015 to 2019 has a projected funding gap of 15 15.2 billion, almost half of the total costs. 16 This hearing is to get some answers as to 17 what steps will be needed to take to have a fiscally 18 strong and in-the-black MTA. 19 One of the things that our Conference in 20 the -- I'm sure the Senate as a whole, but, 21 specifically, I'll speak for the Republican 22 Conference in the Senate, is we are about to get rid 23 of the MTA payroll tax. 24 We've done away with a good portion of it. 25 We want to do away with the rest of it. 1 So we're going to ask for a plan that you may 2 come up with that would help us to accomplish that 3 task and keep, and I stress, keep the MTA on solid 4 fiscal footing. 5 As fees and fares are increased, it is 6 imperative that the funds support improvements to 7 the transportation network where the fares and fees 8 are raised. 9 Fare increases on the Long Island Railroad, 10 for example, should not, and I stress the word "not" 11 support the rest of the MTA system. 12 Where possible they should support 13 themselves, if this is possible. 14 If it's not, we'd love to know why, and an 15 explanation, and maybe we can work something out. 16 This hearing is being broadcast on the 17 NewYorkSenate.gov website, and will be archived on 18 the Transportation Committee page. 19 I am joined this morning by, to my left, 20 Senator Martins; to the far right, Senator Dilan, 21 past chairman of the Transportation Committee; next 22 to him, Senator Bonacic, Senator Croci, and 23 Senator Golden. 24 I'm going to step back a second, instead of 25 leading the questions, because Senator Bonacic has a 1 press conference that he's going to have to deal 2 with this morning. 3 It was on, John. 4 SENATOR BONACIC: Yes. 5 SENATOR MARCELLINO: They're all on. You 6 don't have to push it. 7 SENATOR BONACIC: Excellent. Thank you, 8 Mr. Chairman. 9 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Let him ask questions 10 before opening, gentlemen, because he's got to move. 11 Okay? 12 Thank you. 13 SENATOR BONACIC: First of all, good morning. 14 Quite an impressive table of representatives. 15 Thank you for the job that you do. 16 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Debbie, can he be heard? 17 SENATOR BONACIC: It's not an easy job. 18 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Sean [ph.], can you push 19 that button? 20 Just push it once. 21 That's it. 22 SENATOR BONACIC: I'm going to be quick. 23 I represent, predominantly, Orange County. 24 I think, quite frankly, they get the least 25 back, in terms of services, for the money that they 1 generate. 2 I'm going to ask you -- I'm going to give you 3 some numbers and then ask you the question. 4 If my numbers are wrong, I'd like you to tell 5 me. 6 I show that the current MTA capital plan for 7 the Long Island Railroad is 3.1 billion, for 8 Metro-North it's 2.6 billion. 9 The ridership is pretty much equal. Close. 10 There's parity there. 11 The revenue generated from Metro-North is 12 about 717 million. 13 That from Long Island ridership is 702. 14 These are the numbers that I pulled from your 15 report. 16 So, I would ask you to give consideration to 17 some parity of investment in Orange County so we can 18 have more service. 19 And what am I talking about? 20 I'm talking about, number one, to establish a 21 rail yard in Orange County, where we could have more 22 trains and a rail yard that would allow for more 23 service and passing sightings. 24 Roughly, about 100 million apiece, I'd ask 25 you to give consideration to that. 1 And I thank you for being here. 2 Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 3 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you, Senator. 4 I'd ask -- for normal procedure, we've got 5 opening statements. 6 I would ask that people who are testifying, 7 you don't necessarily have to read every word to 8 your presentation. We have copies. 9 The faster we go through that, the quicker we 10 can get to questions, and then we can move on to 11 resolving the problem. 12 We've been joined by Senator Murphy, to my 13 left. 14 SENATOR MURPHY: Good morning. 15 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Mr. Prendergast. 16 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Good morning, 17 Chairmen Marcellino and Robach, and other members of 18 the committees. 19 Thank you for holding this hearing and asking 20 me to testify. 21 I'm joined by all the MTA's agency 22 presidents, with the exception of Pat Nowakowski who 23 was unable to attend due to personal issues at home. 24 Carmen Bianco is seated to my right, 25 president of New York City Transit; 1 Darryl Irick is seated to my left, president 2 of MTA Bus; 3 Joe Giulietti is seated, too, to my left, 4 president of Metro-North Railroad; 5 And, Jim Ferrera, president of Bridges and 6 Tunnels, to the city, to my right; 7 Our chief financial officer is Bob Foran, at 8 the far end of the table to my right; 9 And, Craig Stewart is the senior director of 10 Capital Programs, at the end of the table to my 11 left. 12 In the broadest terms, Senators, and all of 13 us, you and we, are here today because the MTA is 14 essential, not only to the 8.7 million customers we 15 serve every day, but also to New York's daily life 16 and the statewide economy and growth, so investing 17 in this operation and its capital needs is 18 essential. 19 Governor Cuomo recently released the proposed 20 2015-16 executive budget, and we're pleased that we 21 once again see increased State aid. 22 Total funding for the MTA increased by almost 23 141 million over the State's 2014-15 enacted budget. 24 This increase includes an almost $37 million 25 boost to our operating budget, and more than 1 104 million being transferred to the 2 MTA capital program. 3 It also provides more than 1 billion in new 4 funding for the 2015-19 capital program. 5 In addition, the MTA's 2015 budget and 6 financial plan, approved by our board in January, 7 presents a fully transparent view of our current and 8 4-year financial outlook. 9 This strongly reaffirms our organization-wide 10 commitment to cost-cutting, and it shows that we've 11 already cut more than $1 billion out of our annual 12 operating budget. 13 Here are just two examples. 14 We've consolidated all of our headquarters 15 into 2 Broadway in Lower Manhattan, and through this 16 move we not only reduced operating costs, but we 17 will monetize the former headquarters at 341, 345, 18 347 Madison Avenue and generate hundreds of millions 19 of dollars for our capital program. 20 We also issued 479 million of refunding 21 bonds, and completed associated restructurings of 22 existing escrows, for a total savings of over 23 110 million. 24 But when it comes to running more efficiently 25 we're not finished. 1 New savings initiatives are being identified 2 in the areas of prompt-payment discounts, 3 workers' comp, energy-management consolidations, 4 purchasing, inventory, and employee benefits. 5 These initiatives will raise our total annual 6 savings target to 1.6 billion a year by 2018. 7 This is an effort we started after the 8 financial crisis in 2009 and we continue to maintain 9 it. 10 It's the most aggressive cost-cutting in the 11 MTA's history, and we're realizing savings through 12 improved operations in three critical and important 13 ways: 14 First of all, without these savings, we could 15 not have reduced our projected fare and toll 16 increases from about 7.5 percent every other year, 17 to 4 percent every other year; or, roughly, 18 2 percent a year. 19 Secondly, these savings have allowed us to 20 add 157 million back into service and quality 21 enhancements since 2002; services that were cut, and 22 services restored, and additional quality 23 enhancements made for our customers. 24 They have helped us to put $290 million a 25 year into a pay-as-you-go capital account that will 1 generate up to 5.4 billion for the 2015-19 program, 2 which, for the MTA, is the most important topic 3 today. 4 The capital program, as you know, is a series 5 of 5-year investments, beginning in 1982, that allow 6 us to renew, enhance, and expand our 7 5,000-square-mile network. 8 And over the past 30 years, we have invested 9 some 150 billion through that program in the vital 10 infrastructure that keeps New York moving, and we 11 could not have done that without the State 12 Legislature and their support. 13 Yet, these investments have revitalized and 14 maintained our transit system, and they have 15 revitalized our region, enabling improvements that 16 have brought customers back to our system in droves, 17 while creating jobs in the thousands. 18 Today's ridership is at all-time-high levels. 19 Before October 2013, we had never recorded 20 6 million subway riders in a day. But we exceeded 21 that number on 29 days in the last four months of 22 last year and set an all-time high for monthly 23 subway ridership last October. 24 Metro-North's ridership has almost doubled 25 since its founding in 1983, to 83 million last year, 1 and the Long Island Railroad's ridership of more 2 than 83 million, make them the two most heavily 3 traveled commuter railroads in the country. 4 Until recently, most of the ridership growth 5 was from reverse commutes traveled between suburban 6 destinations and during off-peak hours, evenings, 7 and weekends. 8 But, today, we're seeing that ridership 9 growth in all of these areas; and more importantly, 10 during peak hours. 11 We're seeing more and more customers who need 12 to wait two, three, and even four trains before they 13 can board during rush hours. 14 Our network is stretched almost to its 15 capacity. 16 Trains are more crowded than ever and 17 commutes are more difficult. A minor delay on one 18 train at rush hour can have a massive ripple effect, 19 leading to overcrowding on the platform, doors being 20 held open at every station, and spiraling delays for 21 every train that follows. 22 If that happened on a regular basis, the 23 impact would be severe for millions of riders, their 24 employers, and the region's economy. 25 These ridership trends show no signs of 1 abating in the foreseeable future, and with the 2 future in mind, we convened a panel of experts to 3 inform the development of our current capital 4 program, especially with respect to two important 5 areas: climate change and changing demographics. 6 This transportation-reinvention commission 7 stated some very simple truths in their report: 8 More than 2 million additional people are 9 expected to live in the MTA region by 2040, putting 10 increasing pressure on a system that's already 11 largely at capacity; 12 Demographic shifts are driving new and 13 evolving customer expectations, service needs, and 14 accessibility requirements, and the current system 15 is simply not fully equipped to meet these changing 16 needs. 17 With these challenges in mind, the MTA board 18 this fall approved the proposed 2015-19 capital 19 program that will allow us to build capacity, meet 20 growing needs and those expectations, and, most 21 importantly, renew our system to keep it safe and 22 reliable, because capacity is by no means our only 23 challenge. 24 Maintaining a system as large and as old as 25 ours is unavoidably expensive. 1 If we want the system to continue operating 2 safely and reliably, we must continue to invest 3 heavily in what we call "a state of good repair." 4 Senators, I ask you to keep this fact in 5 mind. 6 Safety and reliability projects, including 7 track replacement, structural repairs, signal-system 8 improvements, and replacement fleets, comprise fully 9 two-thirds of the annexed capital program. 10 These expenditures are not for anything 11 fancy. They are simply essential, and the reason 12 why is simple: safe and reliable service is our 13 number-one job every day. 14 Here are a few examples of the kinds of 15 maintenance and good-repair spending we must not 16 postpone: 17 196 million to complete the installation of 18 positive train control. 19 The best and safest commuter-railroad system 20 in -- of around in -- at both Metro-North and 21 Long Island Railroad, for a total cost of just under 22 a billion dollars. 23 We'll also begin modern new signal system on 24 the E, F, M, and R lines in Queens, and the B, F, 25 M lines in Manhattan. 1 This system, which is fully in place on the 2 L Line, and under construction on the 7, allows us 3 to run more trains, move more people, ease crowding, 4 and provide better, safer service. It will allow us 5 to replace signals from the 1930s that could 6 jeopardize safety and reliability if they remain in 7 our system much longer. 8 And remember, the foundation of our subway 9 system was built more than 110 years ago, making 10 modern signals the best and only way we can 11 significantly add capacity. 12 We'll replace 86 miles of subway track, and 13 we'll continue to invest 1,000 signal components, 14 most of our components you'll never see: electrical 15 substations, pumps, and tunnel lighting. 16 These projects may not be glamorous, but 17 together with normal replacement of our trains and 18 buses, they are key to moving our people safely and 19 reliably. 20 The 2015-19 program will allow us to expand 21 our systems to better accommodate current ridership 22 levels, and prepare for the even more growth that 23 we're already seeing in the system. 24 And in a region with new understanding of 25 natural hazards, the system expansion will protect 1 us from making our transit system and network ever 2 more redundant. 3 We will finish phase one of the Second Avenue 4 subway to build capacity and ease congestion on the 5 most crowded line in the country, the 6 Lexington Avenue Line. 7 And, through the 2015-19 program, we will 8 begin construction on the second phase of the 9 Second Avenue subway, from the Upper East Side into 10 East Harlem. 11 We will continue to advance the East Side 12 access project, easing the commute of some 13 160,000 Long Island Railroad customers every day. 14 We will complete the Long Island Railroad 15 double-track project, which will improve service and 16 reliability by adding a second track to the 17 railroad's Ronkonkoma branch, or, main line. 18 And, we will begin development of Penn 19 Access, a project that will add four new Metro-North 20 stations in the Bronx, and open a new Metro 21 [unintelligible] point directly into Penn Station. 22 Through this project we will provide critical 23 system resiliency to the over 270,000 Metro-North 24 riders. And for the first time ever, customers in 25 Co-Op City, Morris Park, Parkchester, and 1 Hunts Point will have a one-seat rail ride directly 2 to the heart of Manhattan. 3 Dramatically improving our transit network is 4 hardly the benefit of a fully funded 2015-19 5 program. 6 The MTA's capital program and the jobs it 7 creates are an integral part of our region's economy 8 and economic growth. 9 Just last month, the Urban Land Institute of 10 New York and the Permanent Citizens Advisory 11 Committee to the MTA published a report, examining 12 the intrinsic connection between a healthy transit 13 system and a healthy, vibrant economy. 14 According to this report, since 1982, the MTA 15 capital program has transformed the region's public 16 economic -- transportation system into a truly 17 economic -- crucial economic asset, helping New York 18 achieve global economic preeminence that few could 19 have imagined in the economic crises of the '70s. 20 Investments in the MTA have generated 21 economic benefits for communities across 22 New York State, with major vendors opening plants to 23 both fulfill the transportation needs locally and 24 across North America. 25 Indeed, the capital-program investments 1 create hundreds of thousands of jobs throughout 2 New York State and nationally, and a new study by 3 KPMG proves it. 4 We commissioned KPMG to look at how many jobs 5 will be created by the 2015-19 capital program, and 6 the results also published last month are 7 staggering. 8 KPMG found that, in the tradition of the 9 MTA's previous capital program, a fully funded 10 2015-19 program will create more than 11 400,000 New York State jobs and generate nearly 12 52 billion in economic output. These jobs, the 13 study found, will be created in every corner of 14 New York State. 15 In 2013, our board approved a nearly 16 $2 billion contract with Kawasaki to build new 17 rail -- commuter rail trains. This order alone is 18 expected to generate 1500 jobs at the Kawasaki plant 19 in Yonkers and to suppliers upstate. 20 The plant makes railcars and parts for the 21 transit systems around the world, in Boston, 22 Virginia, Maryland, and Taipei, while creating 23 high-tech-paying jobs. 24 But you can bet it wouldn't be in Yonkers, 25 New York, without the MTA. 1 We've already also purchased more than 2,000 2 of the 3,000 railcars built at Bombardier's 3 100,000-square-foot facility in Plattsburgh, 4 including a new rail fleet for MTA commuter 5 railroads in 2007. 6 In October we submitted the 2015-19 capital 7 program to the capital-program review board so we 8 could begin a dialogue. 9 One concern shared by all parties is the 10 funding. 11 We have identified sources for half of the 12 money needed to fund the program. 13 All three levels government must understand 14 the importance of the system, the necessity of 15 capital investment in infrastructure, and, if 16 necessary, new sources of that support. 17 All of us have a stake in ensuring that 18 New York's economic engine continues at full 19 strength. 20 We must keep a critically important fact in 21 mind: If we are to build the MTA's network of 22 trains, buses, bridges, and millions of other assets 23 today, it would cost nearly $1 trillion. 24 $1 trillion. 25 It takes 11-1/2 days to get 1 million 1 seconds. 2 It takes 32 years to get a billion seconds. 3 It takes 32,000 years to get a trillion 4 seconds. 5 A trillion dollars is a large asset. 6 That means our previous $24 billion capital 7 program represented a reinvestment back into our 8 system of less than 1/2 percent of the system's 9 total value. 10 We can talk about the strengths and 11 challenges of upstate and downstate, Senators, but 12 I think the state of New York has one economy, and 13 the MTA's 12-county regional transportation system 14 is essential to that economy. 15 It makes a huge pool of employees available 16 to New York businesses. 17 It allows our region to comfortably 18 accommodate millions more people. 19 It makes it possible for people to live 20 wherever they want within our region regardless of 21 where they work. 22 It allows employees to bring home paychecks 23 that support local schools and government services 24 and consumer spending, creating jobs wherever they 25 live. 1 It enables and supports job development 2 across our entire region, giving employers a system 3 that employees can count on in creating 400,000 jobs 4 into vendor companies that deliver the capital 5 improvements. 6 Every major world city today -- London, 7 Paris, Hong Kong, and others -- is investing in 8 transit to improve the quality of life for their 9 residents, to maintain their status as a global 10 financial and business center, and to make them even 11 more competitive in the world economy. 12 New York must do the same because the past is 13 not prologued. We must continue to invest. 14 Chairmen Marcellino and Robach, we appreciate 15 the support you've given the MTA in the past, and 16 your continuing support, and look forward to working 17 with you to continue the MTA's improved efficiency, 18 safety, reliability, and growth. 19 Thank you for your time today, and now we're 20 happy to answer any questions you might have for us. 21 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you, 22 Chairman Prendergast. 23 Let me just clarify what we will be doing for 24 the rest of the hearing. 25 We will, in the interests of time and moving 1 the process along, because we have a number of 2 people here -- 3 And Senator Brad Hoylman has joined us, and 4 Senator Bill Perkins has joined us as well. 5 -- we're going to allow two questions per 6 Senator, to start. 7 We'll move on to the next Senator after 8 two questions, and then we'll get another round if 9 we have to, in going around. 10 This way, we can move things along and keep 11 things going. 12 I just have one to start, and that's about 13 safety. 14 I talk to a lot of people, Syosset, where 15 I live; Huntington, which I also represent; two 16 major areas for Long Island Railroad stations, big 17 commuter systems, big commuter use. 18 People are scared, to a certain extent. 19 They have been reading in the papers recently 20 about serious accidents that have occurred on the 21 railroads. 22 [Unintelligible] with the curve and going a 23 little too quick. [Unintelligible], we don't know 24 for sure. There might be a question about whether 25 the operator was fully awake and alert at the time. 1 We have a recent one, where the lady was 2 caught on the track, the train hit her. 3 Tragic accident. Fire, flame, third rail 4 entering and penetrating the cars. 5 400 -- I believe something like 400 feet of 6 third rail was taken up at that time. 7 I had never heard of that before. 8 We've had a couple of incidents of crossing 9 accidents. Again, beyond that, not as serious, but 10 more. 11 Gentlemen, what are we doing to alleviate the 12 concerns of the riding public? 13 I have never heard the kind of concern before 14 that I'm hearing now from my constituents about the 15 safety of the Long Island Railroad and the MTA 16 system. 17 What are we doing to alleviate their 18 concerns, and to make sure these kinds of accidents, 19 broken rails, don't occur? 20 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Safety is our highest 21 priority; safety and reliability of the system. 22 Those are the underpinnings of the capital program. 23 Metro-North had a series of problems starting 24 over two years ago. 25 They had the derailment at Bridgeport. They 1 had another one near Spuyten Duyvil. And then they 2 had the derailment at Spuyten Duyvil. 3 The derailment at Spuyten Duyvil was an 4 overspeed condition, that's clear. And it's also 5 pretty clear, although we need to do more, the 6 locomotive engineer had a condition: sleep apnea. 7 We've got a pilot program underway at 8 Metro-North, that we're going to share the results 9 with across all the agencies, not just Long Island 10 Railroad, but New York City Transit as well, in 11 terms of the importance of us being able to identify 12 employees who have conditions like that, because so 13 much, in terms of the operation of our bus and rail 14 system, is dependent upon a person who is fully 15 cognizant, fully awake, and fully capable of 16 carrying out their duties. 17 In the area of Bridgeport where we had a 18 derailment, it was very clear that we had a series 19 of maintenance activities that weren't being 20 performed properly. 21 We brought in -- in addition to the NTSB 22 coming in and investigating that incident, we 23 brought in outside experts from the Association of 24 American Railroads to review the track programs and 25 the maintenance programs. And we've got efforts 1 underway to deal with all of those. 2 We've actually shared that information across 3 all three agencies. 4 You will see in the capital program for 5 2015-19, very large commitments of money for the 6 maintenance and upkeep of the track infrastructure 7 on the railroads. Probably one of the largest asset 8 categories. Over a billion dollars in New York City 9 Transit, Long Island Railroad, and I think a little 10 over half a billion dollars at Metro-North. 11 In terms of grade-crossing safety, the two 12 largest railroads in the country are Metro-North and 13 Long Island Railroad. 14 Long Island has just under 300 grade 15 crossings. Metro-North has about 150, I believe. 16 And they are one of the highest hazard-exposure 17 categories we have. 18 We have instituted, along with New York State 19 DOT, some of the highest levels of protection at 20 those grade crossings, in the forms of flashing 21 lights and gates and sound alarms. 22 And where possible, we've also expended money 23 to eliminate those grade crossings: one at 24 Herricks Road on Long Island Railroad, and 25 New Hyde Park Road. 1 And those are very costly, but where you have 2 a very high frequency of high-speed train movement 3 and traffic movement, those are the type of 4 expenditures you need to make. 5 We're going to launch an outreach effort to 6 try to raise the level of awareness of all the 7 people who traverse over grade crossings, in the 8 form of motorists, to make sure they're aware of the 9 hazards associated with driving upon and over a 10 grade crossing. 11 It will be an ongoing effort. 12 We understand the importance of making sure 13 that our actual safety numbers are not only right, 14 but the perception of the public is the safety that 15 we're providing on all of the systems we operate as 16 high. 17 And so I take those comments very seriously 18 because, if people start to doubt the safety of the 19 system, we've already started to lose ground. 20 And we need to do whatever we can to, as 21 I said, address the actual issue of safety, but also 22 the perceptual issues of safety. 23 SENATOR MARCELLINO: The gates that drop 24 down, I see the crossings. In Syosset, there's one 25 by Robbins Lane. There's another one in several 1 different places throughout the system. 2 To my mind, it's just too easy to go between 3 and around them. 4 Is there a possibility of perhaps making 5 those gates longer, physically, so that there is -- 6 you just can't go a quick turn and out? Because 7 right now you can. 8 Making it more difficult to go around them? 9 Because you, literally, almost have to go on 10 the track. 11 We don't want them to do that, obviously, but 12 to discourage that kind of crossing capability? 13 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: There are standards 14 that we follow that are standards developed on a 15 national level, so that when people approach grade 16 crossings, what they see in one state is similar to 17 what they see in another state. 18 And we need to remain within those standards. 19 Where there are locations where there is a 20 high frequency of people driving around gates, 21 normally, the decision is made to put in what they 22 call "four-quad gates." 23 And, so, instead of just a gate on the 24 leading edge of the lane approaching, you would also 25 have them on the opposite lane to make sure people 1 couldn't drive around the gate. 2 They're also used when you want to go into 3 a -- when somebody's asking for a grade crossing 4 without having the locomotive engineering sound the 5 train horn, but you have to go through an elaborate 6 process. 7 And so, generally, those are the types of 8 approaches that are used for people at locations 9 where people are driving around gates. 10 And in addition to that, we can use the local 11 police jurisdiction or the MTA police to be able to 12 have a higher level of enforcement to make sure 13 people don't do that. 14 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you, Tom. 15 It's not an easy topic, I understand. 16 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: No. 17 SENATOR MARCELLINO: This is difficult. 18 People are going to make efforts to do that. 19 We've been joined by Senator Dan Squadron, 20 and by Chairman of the Transportation Committee, 21 Senator Robach. 22 In deference to Senator Robach, who I know 23 has another -- 24 SENATOR ROBACH: I'm good. 25 SENATOR MARCELLINO: You're good? Okay. 1 I'd like to move to Senator Golden. 2 SENATOR GOLDEN: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 3 Thank you, MTA, for being here today, and all 4 the different heads of the different agencies. 5 The -- since we're limited in questions that 6 we're going to ask, I'm not going to get into the 7 $15 billion budget that's -- capital budget at this 8 point, but we will, obviously, if the meeting 9 continues. 10 But I'm going to be very local in my approach 11 here, and I'm going to start with buses, and then 12 I'm going to back up to the second question which 13 will be on trains. 14 But on the buses, the X27 headways or 15 disaster, you guys are going to do a study. We -- 16 I don't know if you did that study. 17 I know you said you did reinvestment into 18 services. 19 And I'd look to know where we are with the 20 27, the X28 on the weekends, and the -- the X37 -- 21 not the X37 -- 22 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: B37. 23 SENATOR GOLDEN: -- the B37, getting into 24 Court Street, because of the senior population that 25 we have in our community. 1 And, we still have no elevator at 2 86th Street for the seniors to be able to access 3 the train system. 4 So that's the basic question on the buses. 5 And, how does Vision Zero play into this? 6 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Well, B37, I believe 7 the transit authority committed to continue looking 8 at the issue of the extension into downtown 9 Brooklyn. 10 I don't know the status of the further 11 studies on the X27 or 28. 12 Do you know, Darryl? 13 DARRYL IRICK: No. 14 Currently, right now, you know, as a matter 15 of course, operations planning will -- as always, is 16 looking at all of our routes, particularly on the 17 express side. 18 As you may be aware, the X17 comes into 19 Brooklyn from Staten Island to -- as a supplemental 20 replacement service. 21 So we continuously look at that. 22 We have no updates in terms of, you know, 23 what we're going to do different in that particular 24 part of Brooklyn at this point. 25 SENATOR GOLDEN: Well, it's the furthest 1 point in Brooklyn, so you've got to look at it. 2 And we have to -- I know you guys were 3 underway in a study, and I wanted to know what 4 happened to that study as to the headways, and the 5 reinvestments into the buses, and the Vision Zero. 6 How's Vision Zero playing into this? 7 DARRYL IRICK: I'll take it. 8 So we work very closely, we align ourselves 9 very closely, with Vision Zero. 10 Vision Zero is sort symbiotic with our safety 11 culture at Buses. 12 So, currently, right now, on a number of 13 initiatives, we're working with the City, in terms 14 of crosswalks, in terms of speed -- bus speeds, and 15 a number of issues, inclusive of technology, 16 inclusive of making our bus operators more aware of 17 pedestrian behavior and conditions on the road. 18 So we're very closely aligned with 19 Vision Zero. 20 SENATOR GOLDEN: Locking up bus drivers, do 21 you think that's a little step too far? 22 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: A decision was made, 23 and a resolution was passed by the city council, in 24 support of Vision Zero, that they were going to 25 place a higher priority on incidents involving a 1 motor vehicle striking someone in the crosswalk. 2 And in the course of that discussion, a 3 decision was made that they would arrest, with the 4 exception, I think, people who were driving City 5 vehicles. 6 So, so far, since the implementation of that 7 program, there have been a number of bus drivers 8 that have been arrested. 9 What I can assure you is that, 10 John Samuelsen, the president of the Transport 11 Workers Union, myself, and Polly Trottenberg, the 12 commissioner of the DOT, are committed to the goals 13 of Vision Zero, which is trying to reduce -- 14 significantly reduce or eliminate those collisions 15 that strike people in crosswalks. And that's where 16 the focus needs to be. 17 We do have a dialogue, and in terms of, to 18 what extent it makes sense to arrest bus operators. 19 But I want to get it to the level where we're 20 focused on the issue at hand, which is trying to 21 reduce. 22 In some cases, we may need to change the 23 location of the turning of the bus, right or left, 24 to a different location where there's less 25 likelihood of striking somebody. 1 Or change the location of the crosswalk to a 2 mid-block crossing. 3 I -- 4 SENATOR GOLDEN: Which makes all the sense in 5 the world. 6 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I drove a bus for 7 30 days, only 30 days. 8 Darryl drove a lot longer than that. 9 But I can tell you, a left turn or a right 10 turn, where the radius of the turn is 25 feet behind 11 you, is problematic, because you need to be able 12 to -- you need to be able to keep track of what's 13 going on in front of you at the same time with the 14 sweep of the bus. 15 And if somebody runs to catch up to -- 16 they're not really running to catch up to the bus. 17 They're running across the intersection, and they 18 run into the action of the bus turning. 19 It's an extremely difficult situation for the 20 bus operator to see. 21 SENATOR GOLDEN: You're not the only one. 22 DOT, sanitation, all these people being 23 arrested, I think it's absurd. I think that's up to 24 the -- we have to do something about that. And, 25 hopefully, in the near future we do address that 1 situation. 2 It's up to the police department to make 3 reports. 4 It's up to the police department to make 5 arrests if the person is faulted, and drugs, 6 alcohol. 7 But to make decisions at the scene, and to 8 make arrests of City workers, or, anybody, as a 9 matter of fact, I think is -- if the guy acted 10 inappropriately and he was reckless, the answer is, 11 yes. But the -- they have to prove recklessness. 12 I mean, that's the summons. It's not an 13 arrestable situation. They give them a summons. 14 They don't arrest them at the scene. 15 Last question: The trains. 16 I have, obviously, the same situation of the 17 train; the headways to the R train. 18 We are at the further point out by the 19 Verrazano Bridge in the southeast and southwest 20 parts of Brooklyn. 21 We have no opportunities, except for the 22 express buses and those trains, to get us into 23 Manhattan and keep the clientele and the people 24 working, and the constituency working, in the city 25 of New York. 1 We have terrible headways when it comes to 2 our R train. 3 We need an additional double R, or something, 4 to help us with this R train. 5 And, we need that handicapped-accessible 6 train on the R train to get the people in and out of 7 Manhattan. And that's just one line. 8 I have the N, the D, the F...you name it, 9 I've got them all. 10 So I need -- that's my biggest headache, is 11 the R train. 12 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: One of the things 13 I noted in my testimony is the million more people 14 we're going to see in the city by 2035. 15 We're already starting to see it along the 16 Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn, from downtown Brooklyn, 17 all the way out to Bay Ridge, and locations in and 18 around stations where buildings are being taken down 19 and replaced, a 2-unit building is being replaced 20 with a 6- or a 12-unit building. 21 So we're seeing ridership grow in advance of 22 that million that we're going to see by 2035. 23 And, so -- and the R train, once we rebuilt 24 the Montague Street 2, people have come back, you 25 know, in droves, as is happening in other places in 1 the system. 2 So the issue of going -- doing constant 3 ridership checks and trying to balance the delivery 4 of service with the demand created by customers is 5 one that's ongoing. And that's one of the areas 6 we're looking at, Senator. 7 SENATOR GOLDEN: Thank you very much. 8 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator Martins. 9 SENATOR MARTINS: Thank you. 10 My question is with respect to the capital 11 plan, and the $32 billion reflected therein. 12 I know there's a portion there that deals 13 with bridges and tunnels. 14 But just the scope of the plan itself, is the 15 a plan, that all $32 billion be borrowed? 16 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: No. And I'll let Bob 17 go through the details of it, but -- and we'll break 18 it down into details. 19 And, you're right, Senator, the -- 3 billion 20 is for bridges and tunnels, and their capital needs. 21 And in some ways, that is self-funded out their own 22 revenue that they collect. 23 And the remainder of the money is spread 24 across the remainder of the agencies. Order of 25 magnitude: $22 billion for state of good repair. 1 About 4, 4 1/2 million for what we call "enhanced." 2 And the remainder for expansion. 3 Bob, if you go would go through the... 4 ROBERT FORAN: Thank you. 5 The current financial plan on the table has 6 about $6.2 billion that comes from federal funds. 7 Then it does have MTA bonds for the commuter 8 and transit program, of about 3.9 billion. 9 It also includes 2.3 billion for bridges and 10 tunnels that are there, but it still has a 11 significant amount of pay-as-you-go capital; 12 together, about 1.6, 1.7. 13 Asset sales and leases, the disposition of 14 our headquarters buildings, and also excess real 15 estate, generates about 600 million. 16 City of New York capital funds, we have about 17 $650 million in the budget. 18 Federal new-start funds, we're estimating 19 could be north of 500 million. 20 Private-developer contributions of about 21 200 million. 22 And then other MTA sources, about 23 760 million. 24 So the total amount of bonding, out of the 25 $32 billion that we're talking about, is around 1 $7 billion. 2 SENATOR MARTINS: 7 billion? 3 ROBERT FORAN: Yes. 4 SENATOR MARTINS: With respect to the types 5 of projects that are included in this capital plan, 6 a lot of it is for what is, apparently, maintenance. 7 Day-to-day operations maintenance. You used the 8 term "state of good repair." 9 What portion of the MTA's significant annual 10 budget goes towards these items already? 11 And why is it necessary to borrow and bond 12 for these? 13 Wouldn't that be better covered under your 14 annual operating budget? 15 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: There are specific 16 definitions for what is called "out-of-face 17 replacement" of an asset, and it would be 18 capitalized, versus the maintenance and repair of an 19 asset to keep it useful during its useful life. 20 Useful life of a current is now 40 years? 21 UNKNOWN SPEAKER: [No video pan.] 22 Yes. 23 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: It used to be 35, but 24 we have been able to stretch it to 40 years because 25 of stainless-steel car bodies and wise decisions in 1 terms of the manufacturer. 2 As that product reaches the end of its useful 3 life, the car-body structure is starting to fail, 4 the major assemblies and components are failing. 5 And if you were to do it on a maintenance level, you 6 were to do it actually replacing component by 7 component, it would cost you more. 8 So according to accounting principles, what 9 you do is, you basically replace that asset with one 10 that's new and you start that useful life over 11 again. 12 And the idea is, asset-by-asset category -- 13 cars, signals, track, line equipment, line 14 structures -- you try to squeeze the useful life out 15 of the asset. 16 A curved track, probably 20 years or less, 17 depending on the radius of the curve. 18 Tangent track, probably 30 years. 19 Track in and around what we call "special 20 work" with switches, et cetera, even less than that. 21 And so you actually have to replace the 22 asset. 23 The asset has got so much wear on it you can 24 no longer do maintenance on it. 25 Side-rail wear, the wear of the rail itself, 1 the wear of the rail flange itself, it gets to a 2 point where you have to replace it. 3 And so, historically, from an accounting 4 standpoint, even the Class 1 railroads capitalize 5 those replacement costs, rather than put them in the 6 operating budget, in terms of maintenance. 7 And that's what we do. 8 SENATOR MARTINS: No, I appreciate that, but, 9 are you borrowing for that for the useful period? 10 For example, are we paying for a switch that 11 may have a useful life of, I guess you just said, 12 about 10 years, or 20 years, or so; right? 13 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Depending upon the 14 switch. 15 SENATOR MARTINS: Are we paying that over a 16 longer period of time? Or are there controls that 17 make sure that we're not bonding for something well 18 beyond its useful life? 19 ROBERT FORAN: In fact, we are bonding 20 significantly less than the economic useful life of 21 most of our assets. 22 I would give as an example, what we're doing 23 for East Side access, or what we might be doing for 24 Second Avenue, or some of these other projects, 25 those are projects that, frankly, are 1 7500-year-lived assets, but we've been borrowing at 2 a 30-year bonding, which has an average life of 3 about 20 years. 4 So we are borrowing with an average life of 5 20 years, which effectively says that's how we're 6 paying it off; and, yet, we're doing that for some 7 7-year assets, we're doing it for some 10-year 8 assets, we're doing it for 20-year, 30-year, 9 50-year, 75-, 100-year assets. 10 So I think we're very prudent right now in 11 how we are bonding. We are not bonding at a level 12 that is really inappropriate and mismatching asset 13 and liabilities. 14 SENATOR MARTINS: And just to clarify: Out 15 of the 32 billion, 3 billion are for bridges and 16 tunnels, leaving about 28 or 29 billion dollars 17 specifically for MTA-related state of good repair, 18 purchasing of new equipment, cars, as well as 19 expansion of the Second Avenue subway and East Side 20 access. 21 And out of all of that, the MTA will be 22 paying for approximately 21 out of the 23 28 billion dollars on a pay-as-you-go basis, through 24 capital, reserves, or whatnot, or sale of assets, 25 and bonding for only $7 billion. 1 Is that what I heard? 2 ROBERT FORAN: Including federal monies, 3 including city money. 4 SENATOR MARTINS: Sure. 5 ROBERT FORAN: Yeah. 6 SENATOR MARTINS: Okay, thank you. 7 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: And one of the points 8 we want to make is, is that the Legislature been 9 great to the MTA since 1992. 10 In order to get this gap funded, we need 11 support from four parties, because people quickly 12 say, What about Albany? What about the Governor? 13 What about the Legislature? 14 We need support from the federal government. 15 We need support from the city government, 16 state. 17 And, also, direct and indirect benefiters of 18 the system, like the real-estate industry. 19 The funding of the Number 7 Line through 20 real-estate taxes, to be approved over a period of 21 time, is another way you can fund expansions. 22 SENATOR MARTINS: No, I appreciate it. 23 I do have more questions. I'll be back on 24 the second turnaround. 25 SENATOR MARCELLINO: On the second round. 1 Senator Croci, please. 2 SENATOR CROCI: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 3 Chairman, thank you for being here today. 4 Just a quick -- couple of quick questions 5 with regard to service on Long Island Railroad. 6 I look forward to meeting with 7 President Nowakowski when he has the opportunity. 8 I agree with you, safety has to be paramount, 9 and I appreciate your words to that regard. 10 In that vein, two projects I know LIRR is 11 working on; one in Ronkonkoma, with the expansion of 12 the rail yard. And I some see familiar faces here 13 in the community who have been doing a lot of work 14 in that regard. 15 I think what the community is really looking 16 for there is a commitment to some of the safety 17 improvements that they would like to see, some of 18 the quality-of-life improvements that they would 19 like to see, as this project goes forward. 20 It's, I think, a small investment, 21 particularly with, as you said, a $1 trillion asset, 22 to make sure that, with this improved service, with 23 this expanded capability, that we're not losing the 24 quality and character of the community, and to 25 ensure that pedestrians have the ability to travel 1 safely by foot and other means around the 2 improvements. 3 So I'd like to just get your quick thoughts 4 on that, as well as, I saw you mentioned natural 5 hazards. 6 I looked to the system as critical 7 infrastructure, and I look at it in an all-hazard 8 approach to our security. So that includes both 9 natural hazards, as well as terrorist threats, and 10 that kind of security. 11 So, with the natural-hazard area, I think 12 that the eastern end of my district, on the 13 William Floyd Parkway, there is only one crossing 14 from the Shirley Mastic Beach area at grade. 15 In the case of a "Superstorm Sandy" and a 16 mass evacuation, that would be a very big problem. 17 I'd like to hear your thoughts on that one as 18 well, sir. 19 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: As you know, I was 20 president of the railroad for a little bit under 21 six years in the '90s, '94 through 2000. 22 And whenever we do work, I mean, we're a part 23 of the community. 24 The railroad may have been there first. 25 It doesn't make sense arguing who was there 1 first. 2 We are part of the community; an integral 3 part of the community. 4 When we did construction projects, when we 5 raised all the platforms and created the new diesel 6 yards, you know, we learned from some of those. 7 Some of those went very well, some of those 8 didn't go very well. High-mast lighting, and things 9 of that nature. 10 The ability for the yard to be located in a 11 place to have minimum impact, the ability for it to 12 be part of the community. 13 And, so, those are lessons learned that we 14 have carried forward through just about everything 15 we do at the Long Island Railroad. 16 And I know that people that are here today 17 could give you examples of that. 18 In terms of the importance of addressing, 19 I like to define "safety" as freedom from accidental 20 injury or hazard, and, "security freedom" from 21 deliberate injury. 22 The approaches to each one of those, while 23 they're both important, the approaches to each one 24 of those are different, because what you have to do, 25 where you have to spend your money, and what you 1 need to protect against are different. 2 And we do have commitments to what we do in 3 the area of security, because we consider ourselves 4 to be a high-level target. And we go through the 5 entire system and do a-threat level assessment from 6 a standpoint, is what's the likelihood of someone 7 choosing that to be a target? And then we address 8 its hazards. 9 And that's the approach we take. 10 So it's a commitment we have always had, it's 11 a commitment we will maintain, and we'll carry it 12 forward. 13 SENATOR CROCI: Thank you. 14 And with those specific projects mentioned, 15 both the Ronkonkoma expansion of the yard and the 16 double track, as well as Shirley, the crossing, 17 if -- I look forward to my conversations with 18 President Nowakowski about it, and, hopefully, we 19 can get some commitment, so that we can relay that 20 to the community that, you know, the partnership 21 continues. 22 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I mean, I'm trying to 23 visualize Mastic Shirley [sic], and I think I can, 24 but I haven't been out there in a while, but, as the 25 traffic on the railroad increases and goes further 1 east, as the highway traffic increases, from a 2 vehicular standpoint, we do, at times, have to come 3 back and add additional protection at crossings and 4 treat it more as a true highway crossing, rather 5 than as a local residential street. 6 So, certainly, as the railroad continues to 7 grow further east and population increases, the 8 issue of what we need to do in terms of 9 grade-crossing safety is something we will address. 10 SENATOR CROCI: And there are additional 11 venues at which an additional crossing would be 12 possible. 13 That's something that the team may want to 14 consider: Instead of that one crossing and one 15 narrow choke point, in the event of an evacuation, 16 perhaps an additional crossing. 17 But that's -- I leave it to the team to come 18 back to us with your suggestions. 19 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Okay. 20 Thank you. 21 SENATOR CROCI: Thank you very much. 22 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you. 23 Senator Murphy. 24 SENATOR PERKINS: Thank you. 25 SENATOR MURPHY: Thank you. 1 SENATOR PERKINS: Did you say Perkins? 2 SENATOR MARCELLINO: No, I said Murphy. 3 SENATOR PERKINS: Oh, Murphy. 4 SENATOR MARCELLINO: They're so close to each 5 other. 6 [Laughter.] 7 SENATOR MURPHY: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 8 SENATOR MARCELLINO: In case somebody hadn't 9 noticed, I'm going from one side to the other. I'm 10 just looking and going down in sequence. 11 That's all. 12 SENATOR MURPHY: You know, unfortunately, 13 like the Chairman said, it's a sensitive topic. 14 We've had the worst tragedy in history on the 15 Harlem Line that, literally, runs right through the 16 heart of my district. 17 And, you know, security has been brought up 18 here. 19 I know you just said in the hearings today, 20 you've identified 150 crossings, roughly, up on the 21 Metro-North, Joe. 22 Are we doing anything to identify those 23 crossings as a primary, secondary, and tertiary 24 possibility of fixing these crossings at all? 25 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I believe that the 1 federal government actually rates the crossings in 2 terms of hazard severity, and then puts a value with 3 it. 4 And we take note of that, and we make sure 5 that we're meeting more than just the minimum 6 standard required at those crossings. 7 Do you want to take it further, Joe, in terms 8 of what we may be doing in the future? 9 JOSEPH GIULIETTI: The only thing I would say 10 is, that you've heard the chairman already talk 11 about what we're going to do with 12 Operation Lifesaver, which will be awareness, which 13 has to be the number-one priority in terms of making 14 people aware of what a crossing is and what they 15 should be doing at it, because it seems that our 16 biggest problem is, that a flashing red light, which 17 is a stop signal, and for people not to go through. 18 Those are the types of things we have to look 19 at. And, also, taking a full evaluation of that 20 crossing. 21 You know, you've heard already other systems 22 that are in place, like four-quadrant gate. 23 We're looking at all of that as we're going 24 through it right now. 25 SENATOR MURPHY: All right, if you need any 1 assistance from me, please chirp up. 2 Secondly, you've indicated that, this year, 3 in four months, you've had 6 million riders in one 4 day. Correct? 5 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: On the subway system, 6 yes. 7 SENATOR MURPHY: Yeah, that's pretty 8 incredible. 9 And you expect, in 2031, an additional 10 1 million riders, possibly. 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: In my testimony, 12 I talked about a million more residents in 13 New York City by 2035, and an additional million in 14 the region by 2035, so some fraction thereof would 15 use our network, so the number would grow. 16 But the growth in the New York City subway is 17 even above that. 18 So, we had never before recorded 6 million 19 people a day until October 24, 2013, and we had 20 29 days in 2014. 21 The growth we had thought was primarily due 22 to metro card and value pricing, people riding in 23 the middle of the day, weekends, and nights. 24 Now we're seeing increased ridership during 25 rush hour, and that's why it's taking people three, 1 four trains to get on before they can get to their 2 destination. 3 It used to be the first or second train they 4 could get on. 5 SENATOR MURPHY: So it would be an awful lot 6 of riders? 7 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Absolutely. 8 SENATOR MURPHY: So, does there come a point 9 at any time during this that you guys actually make 10 a profit -- 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: No. 12 SENATOR MURPHY: -- as a small -- so you will 13 never make a profit? 14 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I've been in this 15 business my whole career. 16 I graduated the University of Illinois in 17 1974. 18 And, no, we've never been in -- 19 SENATOR MURPHY: So if you had 10 million 20 riders, you would still not make a profit? 21 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Well, at some point 22 maybe you would, but you'd have loading standards 23 far in excess of what -- every one of our services 24 is subsidized. 25 The lowest subsidized ride in the MTA network 1 is New York City subway. 2 We call "fare-box recovery ratio," for every 3 dollar it costs to operate, how much comes out of 4 fare box? 5 It's 70 percent for New York City Transit 6 Subway; 7 It's about 40 percent for New York City Bus; 8 It's about 60 percent for Metro-North; 9 And about 50 percent for Long Island 10 Railroad. 11 So, no, they're all heavily subsidized to 12 enable people to be able to afford riding public 13 transportation, and, the tremendous -- I mean, the 14 most sustainable system in the country in terms of 15 measured carbon footprint. 16 People think of the Pacific Northwest and how 17 green it is, or whatever. 18 The lowest carbon footprint per capita is 19 right here in New York City, because more people use 20 public transit. 21 SENATOR MURPHY: Public transportation. 22 So, no matter how many riders, it would never 23 kind of facilitate and sustain itself? 24 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: If you raised the 25 fare to the cost of what the fare would be, yes. 1 But, no, generally not. 2 SENATOR MURPHY: All right, I just -- I'm 3 done. 4 Thank you. 5 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator Dilan. 6 SENATOR DILAN: Yes, good morning. 7 Your November financial plan proposes to 8 realize a $500 million savings up to the year 2018. 9 Where will these cuts come from? 10 Will it be from service cuts, or will you 11 have to let employees go? 12 ROBERT FORAN: The -- we are not anticipating 13 any service cuts. 14 I think it's been very clear by the board, 15 that it was so painful when we did the service cuts 16 in 2010, that no one wants to address those again. 17 So what we're trying to do is figure out how 18 to reduce our costs in areas that, frankly, in the 19 past, were considered uncontrollable costs. And 20 with that I mean, things like pensions and 21 health care that were growing at a very, very rapid 22 rate. 23 We are trying to reduce our unfunded 24 liabilities on some of our pension plans when we 25 receive a one-shot windfall from things like 1 real-estate revenues. 2 We do not want to put ourselves back in a 3 situation where we were building a budget based upon 4 real estate one-time transactional revenues that 5 came in. 6 You all recall that's really how we got in 7 trouble back in 2009, when we had seen real-estate 8 revenues go from a billion seven, down to less than 9 $400 million in two years. 10 And that was the reason that we were 11 presented with and we accepted the PMT. 12 So what we're trying to do is figure out, how 13 do we take one-shot revenues and apply them to 14 reduce ongoing costs? 15 We're doing that in health care. We're doing 16 that in our pensions. 17 We've also gone through and reduced 18 administrative headcount. 19 If you recall, we did a 15 percent reduction 20 of administrative headcount throughout the agencies. 21 We did a 20 percent reduction at headquarters. 22 We went four years without any cost-of-living 23 raises at headquarters, and that saved us about 24 $60 million. 25 Between the two of them, about $160 million. 1 We're trying to be more efficient in terms of 2 our procurement. 3 We're looking at our energy management. 4 We're looking at our workers' compensation. 5 We're consolidating. 6 We have just consolidated our information 7 technology from all of the agencies, now, two 8 headquarters. 9 We're consolidating treasury. 10 We're consolidating certain procurement 11 functions. 12 You are well aware that we have our business 13 service center where we've reduced our costs. 14 So, that's what we're trying to do. 15 Also, in para-transit, we feel that we have a 16 commitment in para-transit to meet, you know, the 17 requirements of the law to provide for those of our 18 customers who need it, but we're trying to reduce 19 unit costs by being smarter. And we have done a 20 significant job of reducing unit cost. 21 So, that's the way that we plan on hitting 22 this $1.6 billion annually-recurring savings target 23 by 2018, not through service reductions. 24 SENATOR DILAN: Okay -- 25 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: For the past 1 two years, I'll just add on, we showed the budget to 2 the board in November. We vote on it in December. 3 And then at the mid-year mark, in July, we take a 4 look at how well we're performing against budget. 5 And for, I think, each of the last 6 three years, we've had some money that we've been 7 able to put into either new services or restoration 8 of services that were cut. 9 SENATOR DILAN: Okay, thank you. 10 With regard to your capital budget, you 11 proposed a $32 billion-plus budget, and, apparently, 12 there's a $15 billion gap there. 13 What do you expect the ultimate number to be 14 once a final plan is put together? 15 And also in your testimony, you did provide 16 some economic information in terms of the number of 17 jobs that it creates in the entire system. 18 Could you also perhaps, maybe later on, give 19 us more specifics in terms of, regionally, how many 20 jobs it creates statewide; and, especially, outside 21 of the MTA network area? 22 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 23 I think we started with the last program, 24 Senator, where we showed where the money that flowed 25 into the program flowed back into the state in other 1 parts, and much of it outside the service area 2 itself. 3 I mean, the North Country, in terms of 4 Bombardier and bus making -- bus manufacturing 5 facilities, get a significant portion of that money. 6 But we can share that information with you. 7 SENATOR DILAN: Okay, thank you. 8 I'll have questions in the second round. 9 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you. 10 Senator Perkins. 11 SENATOR PERKINS: Thank you very much. 12 Good morning. 13 So, I have a few questions that -- first 14 I want to -- you know, you've -- we've closed down 15 some stations, so to speak, where we -- I don't want 16 to say closed them down, but we took out the -- 17 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Token-booth clerks. 18 SENATOR PERKINS: The, what? 19 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Token-booth clerks. 20 Station agents. 21 SENATOR PERKINS: -- token-booth clerks, 22 yeah. 23 And -- so now they're abandoned, and they are 24 hazardous to people, because there are folks who 25 hang out in them, and who, I guess, do things that 1 are illegal. And they -- they're there during the 2 rush hour when folks are going to work, and they're 3 there in the evening when folks are coming home from 4 work. 5 And, so, I don't know how that impacts the 6 capital budget, by turning -- by taking out the 7 token-booth clerks, or whatever impacts it has on 8 the capital budget. 9 Can you explain why that is happening, and 10 how that has improved the situation? 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I'll start, and then 12 I'll let Carmen take it further. 13 Back in 2009, when we found ourselves in the 14 situation we were, where we had some serious 15 financial problems, one of the areas we looked at 16 was the issue of closing token booths where the 17 selling of fare media was exceptionally low. 18 The original reason a token-booth clerk was 19 created back in the turn of the nineteenth to the 20 twentieth century was to be able to sell tokens for 21 people to gain entrance to the system. 22 And then there were money-handling 23 situations, with respect to, they needed to be 24 secure and stay inside that booth. 25 So, we closed those booths because of the 1 fact that there were other means for people to buy 2 the fare media. 3 What we're trying to do, Senator, is move to 4 a day where we actually are utilizing employees in 5 ways that are rewarding for them, in terms of having 6 more value, in their mind, in terms of what they can 7 do; but, also, provide a more needed service for us 8 in the form of a customer-service agent that would 9 be able to be out and about the station. 10 We do not want customer-service agents or 11 token-booth clerks to provide security. That's the 12 responsibility of the transit bureau or the 13 New York City Police Department. 14 But, certainly, I think we all could 15 understand and agree that a visible presence of 16 someone on the platform, observing and seeing 17 something going on and reporting on it, is of value 18 to the system. 19 And that's the direction we'd like to move. 20 Carmen, do you want to add more to that? 21 CARMEN BIANCO: The only other thing I would 22 add to that, Senator, is that, back in the time 23 frame of 2010, we did, in fact, remove a number of 24 those vacant booths so that they would not become a 25 security issue. 1 The booths that we have, that we have at 2 least one full-time booth in every single station, 3 there may be others out there that will open on 4 special occasions, but, those booths are monitored. 5 The employees that work in those booths have 6 the ability to stay in -- 100 percent in touch with 7 our control center, so they have immediate -- if 8 there's an immediate need for assistance, they 9 can -- they could respond, or have NYPD respond. 10 SENATOR PERKINS: You know, that's really 11 kind of ridiculous because, generally, what's 12 happening is, that one person is either on the 13 downtown side in the booth or the uptown side, so 14 they're seeing from across the tracks, if anything 15 at all, what's going on. 16 So that side where that person is not, is, 17 for all intents and purposes, a very serious danger 18 zone for your customers. 19 You know, we love your workers. We want them 20 to be safe and secure and well-paid, et al., but our 21 wives and our children and our neighbors deserve to 22 be better treated than that. 23 To have those places abandoned so that the 24 vagrants can sell rides with their metro cards, or 25 bag, or intimidate, I don't think that's a safe, 1 right way to run the system, especially in my 2 neighborhood, and other neighborhoods as well. 3 So, I think we have to rethink that. 4 I use the system as much, if not more, than 5 most of your customers. And I think that, when you 6 subject our neighbors, especially the females, to 7 that kind of environment, you're not serving your 8 purpose. 9 It's a very bad decision that was made. 10 There's no security there. 11 And those who prey know that, and they take 12 advantage of that, and it intimidates folks. 13 It makes people feel as if they're not 14 respected. 15 We have nobody down here, they say. Why is 16 that? 17 Has your wife -- do your wives go to these 18 stations? 19 Would you want your wife to have to go 20 through that kind of a situation? Your daughters? 21 Your children? 22 I don't think so. 23 How much are we saving? 24 Did you quantify the amount that we're saving 25 [unintelligible] -- 1 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We'll get you the 2 numbers. 3 SENATOR PERKINS: -- by doing that? 4 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: The focus -- the 5 crime in the subway is at its lowest level ever, 6 from the transit bureau. 7 SENATOR PERKINS: I'm not asking you about 8 the crime in the system. 9 I'm telling you about very specific areas 10 where you have taken -- 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: If we had infinite 12 resources, we could deploy resources that way. But 13 we don't, I'm sorry. 14 SENATOR PERKINS: So how much are you saving? 15 is what I'm asking. 16 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I'll get you the 17 number. I don't know the number off the top of my 18 head. 19 But in order to deal with the problems we had 20 in 2009, in order to deal with the fiscal problems 21 we had, we had to make decisions [unintelligible] -- 22 SENATOR PERKINS: Are you telling me that 23 those stations are safe? 24 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes, they're safe. 25 SENATOR PERKINS: They're not safe. 1 How can you have addicts in the station, with 2 no security, no police, during rush hour and 3 throughout the day, and consider that people -- how 4 do you say that's safe? 5 What is your definition of "safe"? 6 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Well, I guess we 7 probably should have started there, because I can 8 find similar conditions on the street, I can find 9 similar conditions -- 10 SENATOR PERKINS: You don't patrol the 11 street. That's not your job. 12 I'm talking about your job, which is in the 13 subway system. 14 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Responsibility for 15 safety and -- responsibility for security in the 16 New York City subway is the transit bureau and 17 New York City Police Department's responsibility. 18 SENATOR PERKINS: But I'm telling you there's 19 no safety in those places. 20 Now, what are you going to do to fix that? 21 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We focus our efforts 22 through the use of the transit bureau and the 23 New York City Police Department. 24 SENATOR PERKINS: You're not going to do 25 anything, is what you're telling me? 1 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I'm not going to put 2 employees in harm's way to perform police work. 3 SENATOR PERKINS: What about my constituents 4 in harm's way? 5 What about our children in harm's way? 6 What about our families in harm's way? 7 UNKNOWN SPEAKER: [No video pan.] 8 Senator, there's -- 9 SENATOR PERKINS: Your employees get paid to 10 run the system and protect the system. 11 How come there are no employees in those 12 stations protecting those customers? 13 Why should people feel they have to go to 14 work, do whatever they do with the system, under 15 those kind of conditions? 16 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator, I couldn't 17 agree with you more, that leaving the system -- 18 leaving the thing unprotected or without staff could 19 create, and probably does create, a serious problem. 20 I think you have made your point. 21 SENATOR PERKINS: The most important aspect 22 of that problem is the emotional, psychological 23 [unintelligible] -- 24 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I hear you. 25 SENATOR PERKINS: -- that people have about 1 the system. 2 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I hear you. 3 That's a subject that we will bring up 4 further, because what you're talking about I think 5 relates, as Chairman Prendergast points out, with 6 the New York City Police Department as well, and 7 that's an issue that we're going to have to take 8 issue with, because I agree with you, there is a 9 safety concern there. 10 I don't know that a token-booth operator 11 assigned to an individual station, sitting in a 12 booth, is going to provide the kind of safety you're 13 looking for. 14 SENATOR PERKINS: They have a phone. 15 If things go on, they report it to the 16 police. 17 Now it's totally abandoned. 18 I don't want to go any further. I think 19 I made my point. 20 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Yes, I believe you did. 21 SENATOR PERKINS: And we need to revisit that 22 decision. It's a bad decision. 23 And if we have to prove it, in terms of 24 bringing people to your office, and help you 25 understand what their concerns are, we'll do that. 1 But I don't think you want your wife going 2 down there. I don't think you want your children 3 going down there. 4 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Do you have another 5 question, Bill? 6 SENATOR PERKINS: Yeah, I do. 7 You know, when the system goes down, like, 8 you're not going to have any service, how do we get 9 to know that that's happening? 10 CARMEN BIANCO: You know, Senator, there are 11 a number of ways that we do that. 12 One is, that we -- within our control center, 13 we have direct access to the media outlets. We have 14 direct access to Transcom, which is a regional 15 system that puts out messages via the radio. 16 We also, internally, will immediately post 17 that on our website. If our customers are signed up 18 for text messages, they will get text messages that 19 there's a situation, and what lines are not running. 20 So what we try to do is to be immediate, to 21 be very accurate, to get this information out 22 through as many outlets as we possibly can. 23 To make station announcements on the 24 platforms so that we can, you know, really direct 25 messages on the platform, so that we can help our 1 customers understand what the problem is, and how 2 they could best get around that situation. 3 SENATOR PERKINS: Well, my experience is, 4 that some of that is being done very often. Folks 5 are bewildered about what's going on. 6 Have you ever -- have you noticed that at 7 all? 8 Have you been informed about that type of 9 bewilderment, that type of concern, that your 10 customers have? 11 CARMEN BIANCO: No, Senator. 12 All I would add to your comment is that, our 13 transit system is very large. 14 As our chairman's mentioned, we've had days 15 now where we experience 6 million customers. 16 We operate just under 8,000 trains a day on a 17 24-hour, 365-day basis. 18 So when you have that kind of complexity -- 19 and we have strategic teams all over the entire 20 system, so that as a problem's encountered, we're 21 able to immediately address it. 22 Whether that problem's a customer that's 23 sick, whether that problem is an equipment problem, 24 whether it's a police issue...whatever it is, we 25 spend an awful lot of time trying to understand how 1 to deal with issues like that, and in terms of what 2 is the mitigation level that we need to put in place 3 immediately to fix that problem. 4 So, this is not something we look for an 5 incident to occur. 6 We -- we -- you know, again, very old system, 7 lots of activity all day long, but we try to stay 8 every bit ahead of these situations so we can 9 immediately get into action as the problem arises. 10 SENATOR PERKINS: So, two other quick 11 concerns. 12 One is rodents, and rats all over the system 13 still. 14 Does this capital money translate into any 15 rodent-abatement-type programs? 16 UNKNOWN SPEAKER: [No video pan.] 17 Not capital program. 18 That would be covered off in the operating 19 budget. 20 Do you want to talk about the program? 21 CARMEN BIANCO: That is covered off under the 22 operating program. 23 And in our normal operations, we bait all the 24 time on the system. 25 We do our level best to remove rubbish on the 1 platforms, rubbish that is generated in the station. 2 As a matter of fact, we will remove 3 approximately 40 tons of refuse each and every day, 4 and we do that in the middle of the night when most 5 of our customers are not on the system. 6 We have trains and/or trucks that go to each 7 station. 8 But as that material is gathered during the 9 day, it's put in a secure room. That room is built 10 so that rodents can't penetrate it, to the extent we 11 can. 12 And, so, that's one program that we have. 13 And we do bait on an ongoing regular basis 14 throughout the system. 15 We are also, as you're aware, involved in 16 another situation. 17 I'm trying to think of the name of the 18 organization, but, it was that project, or the 19 research, to actually take and sterilize the female 20 rat population so that they could no longer produce. 21 And that is still ongoing. 22 SENATOR PERKINS: Thank you very much. 23 The sterilization must not be working, 24 because they seem to be exploding. 25 I appreciate the opportunity you've given me 1 to say something, but I want to make sure that you 2 understand that we have a rodent problem, a very 3 serious rodent problem, that is more visible to me 4 than ever before. 5 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you. 6 Chairman Prendergast, you mentioned before, 7 reports that are coming, that -- studies that are 8 being done on various issues. 9 Would it be possible for us to get copies of 10 these reports as they come to you -- 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Sure. 12 SENATOR MARCELLINO: -- for the Committee, so 13 we can make a file? 14 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Absolutely. 15 We'll make them available to you, sir. 16 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I appreciate that. 17 Senator Hoylman. 18 SENATOR HOYLMAN: Thank you, Mr. Chair, for 19 organizing this. 20 And thank you to the MTA for being here 21 today. 22 You know, I echo some of Senator Perkins' 23 concerns, which I think go to the issue of returning 24 the state to its legacy of support for the MTA, 25 which is -- one of our transportation-advocate 1 organizations is going to be saying later, and 2 really not putting as much pressure on fares and 3 tolls. And I know that's what you're trying to 4 accomplish, and I know you've got a $15 billion gap 5 to close. 6 In that respect, I'm concerned that we are 7 not exploring all of the revenue options that we 8 could be in order to close that gap. 9 And, I'm also concerned that, in terms of our 10 state's, you know, one-shot budget surplus that we 11 have this year, that you're not getting enough of 12 it. 13 And I think -- I think the MTA's reporting 14 that you're getting 37 million, is that correct, out 15 of the -- out of the $104 million surplus in 16 operating revenue toward capital projects? 17 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: There's money we're 18 getting in the operating budget, and there's money 19 we may be getting out of the 5 billion. 20 Bob? 21 ROBERT FORAN: Yes, with the 104 that you 22 referred to, that's actually going to capital. 23 It's 37 more in total than we were expecting 24 to get. 25 So, effectively, that 37 will be additive. 1 We will get an additional capital program. 2 The rest will just be replacement monies for 3 what would otherwise have been operating. 4 However, in the Governor's budget -- proposed 5 budget, he has $750 million for our core program, 6 and then there's $250 million for Penn Access. 7 So, there's a billion dollars in that 8 proposal. 9 And of the billion dollars, there's also, 10 250 of that, the Penn Access, is money from the 11 strategic fund, which is, I believe, using some of 12 the one-shot monies. And then there's 150 for 13 certain transit-oriented development projects. 14 SENATOR HOYLMAN: So in terms of the 15 bank-settlement funds, I've been reading here that 16 there's about $850 million of those funds 17 unallocated. 18 Any chance or any suggestion that the MTA 19 will try to acquire some of those funds? 20 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I'm sure we'll be 21 part of the dialogue. 22 I mean, the first thing we wanted to do when 23 we presented the capital program is make sure people 24 understood the 32 billion: 32 billion, with 25 3 billion for bridges and tunnels, and the remainder 1 for the other agencies. 2 I think it's essential that we have a 3 discussion with respect to the size of that program, 4 and then you define what the gap is. 5 That's the board's recommendation, strong 6 recommendation. 7 That's what we feel we need to not only 8 address state of good repair, but enhance, in terms 9 of the level and quality of service, and provide for 10 expansion to meet those 2 million more people that 11 are going to be in the region by 2035. 12 So, we have always thought, from the time we 13 submitted the plan, it was essential that we had a 14 dialogue about the size of the ask, because some 15 people may say you're faced -- the Legislature is 16 faced with issues that are beyond us, in terms of a 17 lot of needs and confined resources. 18 So if someone -- we need to have a dialogue 19 in terms of the size of that ask. 20 And once that's defined, then we start to 21 decide, what are the different funding alternatives 22 we need to have from the federal, state, local 23 governments, and the people that benefit directly 24 and indirectly from the system, to identify the 25 means to resolve that gap? 1 So we would be part of that dialogue, in 2 answer to your question. 3 SENATOR HOYLMAN: So, an issue's come to 4 light about the surcharge placed on taxi rides. 5 I think it's 50 cents per ride that is dedicated to 6 the MTA. 7 And, in recent months, and years, we've seen 8 a drop in taxi ridership, mostly due to car-sharing 9 services, like Uber and Lift, and others. 10 These car-share services don't have that 11 dedicated surcharge. 12 Has that impacted your bottom line? 13 ROBERT FORAN: I think we're still 14 anticipating receiving about $90 million on the 15 50-cent surcharge. 16 The only time we're getting money from Uber 17 or Lift is if the Uber or Lift driver happens to be 18 a medallion driver. In that case, they have the 19 mechanism to collect. 20 Again, it will be up to our legislative 21 leaders to determine what, you know, could be 22 applied to liberty-car services, black-car services, 23 to non-medallion Uber or Lift or sharing services. 24 Certainly, there's an argument that could be 25 made for equity, but we would leave it to, you know, 1 those who legislate to come up with the appropriate, 2 fair approach. 3 But as of right now, we're still planning on 4 about $90 million, I think, coming in. 5 SENATOR HOYLMAN: So you're not advocating a 6 position on that? 7 ROBERT FORAN: We'll leave that for the 8 discussion. 9 SENATOR HOYLMAN: Now, if I could just zero 10 in on a more local issue, I represent the west and 11 east side of Manhattan, Grand Central Station, and 12 the neighborhood around Penn Station. 13 I have a small business owner in 14 Grand Central Station, a wine retailer, who's been 15 there for about, I think, over 15 years, called 16 "Grand Harvest Wines." 17 Are you familiar with it? 18 ROBERT FORAN: Yes. 19 SENATOR HOYLMAN: And the gentleman -- it's a 20 family-owned business, very successful. I think 21 something like 400 transactions a day. Really has 22 established itself as a high-end retailer and a 23 go-to place for commuters, but also locals alike. 24 They are in a Kafkaesque situation with the 25 MTA, in terms of their bidding to renew their lease. 1 As I understand it, they won two RFPs, but 2 then were told, after the second, that a new RFP was 3 going to be issued, which they subsequently lost to 4 another bidder who hadn't bid on the first two; in 5 that, they were willing to pay something like 6 40 percent more than their current lease. 7 And I just want to raise that to your 8 attention because, you know, we think of 9 Grand Central as, certainly, the crossroads for the 10 city, and the world, but there are a lot of small 11 businesses there that the local community relies on. 12 And I would urge you to look at this matter 13 closely, and consider; consider the service that 14 this business has brought, the success, and the 15 family-owned nature and independence of it, when you 16 move forward with this RFP. 17 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator Squadron. 18 SENATOR SQUADRON: Thank you very much. 19 And thank you all. 20 Thank you, to both Chairs, for this, and 21 we're represented by the entire MTA region 22 [unintelligible] centers, which I think says a lot. 23 Thank you. 24 And I actually was becoming a little bit 25 confused, just listening to some of the most recent 1 answers. 2 I just want to be clear here. 3 I'm a subway rider myself. 4 Certainly, my district is massively dependent 5 on it. 6 But, really, my city, and my region, is 7 massively dependent on it, as the Chair said. 8 And it seems to me that we have a $15 billion 9 funding gap, and we've got a lot going on in this 10 legislative session, and a lot that's important. 11 But, I feel like I might be the most nervous 12 person in this room about the $15 billion funding 13 gap. 14 I just want to make sure that my 15 understanding of this policy concern and yours are 16 aligned. 17 That's a big problem; right? 18 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Absolutely. 19 I've been 40 years in the business. 20 Absolutely, sir. And I say that 21 respectfully. 22 SENATOR SQUADRON: Oh, good, so we share it. 23 What are the consequences if we don't fund 24 it? 25 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Well, first, I'll 1 start with external parties. 2 I'll start with the reinvention commission, 3 the Urban Land Institute; people who have looked at 4 the worth and value of the MTA network to the 5 economy. 6 This is the second-largest economy in the 7 world, second only to Tokyo. 8 It has been an historic part of New York's 9 growth from World War II. 10 We're seeing record ridership levels. 11 You have things here that no other system in 12 the world has. 13 Nobody has 468 stations. 14 You know, 71 percent of the city's population 15 lives within one-half mile of a subway station. 16 I think it's 61 percent of the Long Island 17 Railroad customer lives within two miles of a 18 station. 19 51 percent of a Metro-North customer lives 20 within two miles of a station. 21 SENATOR SQUADRON: And with due respect, and 22 out of respect for time I have, the importance of 23 the system is clear. 24 What are the consequences if we don't find 25 it? 1 Because, you know, I've got to tell you, I'm 2 in Albany. Sometimes my wife gets home late for the 3 babysitter, on that F Train, and that's a 4 consequence. 5 And that's a much smaller consequence in my 6 life and many of my constituents' lives. 7 Tell me the consequences if we don't fund 8 this thing, for riders. 9 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: If you start at the 10 32 billion, take off 3 billion for bridges and 11 tunnels, you're down to 29 billion, as we start to 12 lose dollars off that. 13 If the consensus of the region and the 14 decision-makers at large say, "We can't afford 15 $29 billion," it will first come out of expansion. 16 Second Avenue subway, the next phase, would be the 17 first. 18 It will then -- it's arguable as to what 19 extent it would affect East Side access because, if 20 you stall that project, you may have to refund 21 money. 22 Then you go into what we call "enhanced." 23 So things like countdown clocks, things like 24 features and elements of the system that maybe the 25 millennials depend on and consider to be 1 entitlements would have to be sacrificed. 2 SENATOR SQUADRON: So let me ask you this -- 3 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Before we have to 4 protect a state of good repair. 5 SENATOR SQUADRON: -- I get a lot of angry 6 calls about the countdown clocks on the lettered 7 lines, because they're not there. 8 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: They're not there. 9 SENATOR SQUADRON: We're not going to get 10 them if we don't fund this thing? 11 SENATOR MARCELLINO: At some point you have 12 to get an alignment between the money we have to 13 fund the program and the projects that get funded 14 with that level. 15 And so, in a hierarchal fashion, the thing 16 we're going protect is state of good repair. 17 It may not be that interesting to somebody if 18 they don't see a substation or they don't see cables 19 going to a third rail, but if we don't maintain 20 that, and that's a safety and reliability issue, 21 then we could have a safety and reliability problem 22 so. 23 And, so, we have to protect that core of 24 $22 billion. 25 SENATOR SQUADRON: Let me ask you about that, 1 because I was just on a B Train that, from 2 34th Street to West 4th Street, got beaten by two 3 F trains, shockingly. The express was not just 4 slow. It was like slow and [unintelligible]. 5 It seemed that the cars on the B were older, 6 the ones on the F were newer. 7 I was proud with the MTA to create the 8 full-line reviews a few years ago, that have been 9 very effective. In fact, the first one was on the 10 F Line. 11 One of the things it recommended was, that 12 there should be sort of an alignment of cars, and 13 actually newer cars for the F Line. 14 I notice we're not seeing that with the same 15 consistency we used to. 16 I also notice that it seems that the delays 17 on the F Line have picked up. 18 I want to ask, is there a relationship 19 between how new the cars are, whether there are 20 consistent cars on each line, and delays on that 21 line? 22 And is that something that's impacted by the 23 capital plan? 24 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: There's some 25 relationship, but the overall level of mean distance 1 between failure, feet-wide and car-class-wide, has 2 gotten to the point where it's not necessarily an 3 issue of car reliability. 4 There may be other factors that affect the 5 performance of a line. 6 And that's the importance of doing a line 7 review, so you can identify what those factors are, 8 and apply resources -- dollars, personnel, 9 et cetera -- to try to address those. 10 SENATOR SQUADRON: What's the dollar 11 amount -- 12 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator Squadron -- 13 SENATOR SQUADRON: Just very briefly -- 14 SENATOR MARCELLINO: -- one more question, 15 that's it -- 16 SENATOR SQUADRON: Thank you. 17 SENATOR MARCELLINO: -- okay? Because we 18 have to move on. 19 SENATOR SQUADRON: One question, two parts. 20 What's the dollar amount that we need -- 21 [Laughter.] 22 SENATOR SQUADRON: And please let me complete 23 it. 24 What's the dollar amount that we need to 25 maintain a state of good repair, which means we're 1 not going to see anymore delays; which means, 2 whether it's my wife or any rider who depends on the 3 on-time train for their job, doesn't have to wait 4 four trains to get on? 5 What is the dollar amount under which we are 6 in crisis? 7 And, secondly, one of the full-line reviews 8 going on right now, the C Line, we're very excited 9 for it. 10 When is that going to be completed? 11 And, can we count on the fact that, as you 12 committed at your nomination, they're going to 13 continue throughout the system? 14 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We saved $22 billion 15 for state of good repair, but it's not a firm line 16 of demarcation, and I'll explain to you why. 17 A communication-based train-control system 18 replaces an out-of-date or end-of-useful-life 19 wayside block-signal system, so that's state of good 20 repair; but it provides an increased level of safety 21 and reliability, so it's an enhancement. 22 So it's an order-of-magnitude cost of 23 $22 billion. 24 But, there are favorite projects in the 25 enhancement portion that wouldn't get funded if you 1 dropped as low as $22 billion. 2 When is the line review for the C done, 3 Carmen? I'm sorry. 4 CARMEN BIANCO: Yeah, the C Line, I'm hoping 5 to see that data come to me within the next month. 6 We will share that with the chairman, and 7 then certainly share that with -- 8 Oh, I'm sorry. 9 The C is the end of the year, that's right. 10 SENATOR SQUADRON: I liked your first answer 11 better. 12 [Laughter.] 13 CARMEN BIANCO: But the C will be later on in 14 the year. 15 SENATOR SQUADRON: Well, right, a little more 16 depth on that would be great, but I'll give time 17 back to the Chair. 18 Thank you. 19 SENATOR GOLDEN: One quick question, because 20 I have to get going. 21 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator Golden, quickly. 22 SENATOR GOLDEN: Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 23 According to the -- Senator Murphy, missed 24 it, the -- we put the lockbox into place. 25 If they didn't put the lockbox into place, 1 they'd just keep on sweeping the funds. We still 2 don't have a complete lockbox that -- to stop 3 sweeping the funds so that you can continue to keep 4 that money in the system. 5 We're going to continue to work with that. 6 I didn't get an answer on the last 7 question -- my first question about the study on the 8 express buses and the R Train. 9 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I don't think we 10 committed to a study, but we'll take a look at that. 11 SENATOR GOLDEN: You did, you did, you did. 12 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We'll take a look at 13 it and we'll get you an answer. 14 SENATOR GOLDEN: Okay. 15 The New York City Mayor, did they cut their 16 funding to the capital program? 17 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Historically -- I'll 18 let Bob answer that question. 19 Bob? 20 ROBERT FORAN: The level of funding that they 21 have in the current budget is $40 million a year. 22 We expect that there could be continued 23 discussions with them, but that is lower than what 24 they had in the last -- 25 SENATOR GOLDEN: What did they give, 136 1 last -- what was last year's? 2 ROBERT FORAN: Last year was, like, 3 $100 million, excluding the Number 7 extension. 4 I should point that out. 5 So just the regular recurring, it was around 6 $100 million. 7 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: In our plan, we're 8 proposing 125. 9 ROBERT FORAN: 125. 10 SENATOR GOLDEN: You're asking my colleagues 11 here to put money in. 12 You've got to make sure the City of New York 13 is putting its fair share -- 14 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: That's why I said 15 "four." 16 It's federal, state, local, and also people 17 who benefit directly and indirectly. 18 SENATOR GOLDEN: I think my colleagues were a 19 little shocked to hear it's only $36 million. 20 The change that you're going to make with 21 the -- on the buses -- the express buses, or 22 anticipated changes, are they going to be 23 community-board approval? Or, because of safety, 24 are they -- as of right, on the changing the 25 crosswalks and putting the -- 1 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We normally go 2 through a community-board process, along with 3 New York City DOT, especially for SBS routes, but 4 other routes as well, and we try to get their 5 approval. 6 We don't always get their approval. 7 SENATOR GOLDEN: No, but then you're going to 8 go through the community board -- 9 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 10 SENATOR GOLDEN: -- you anticipate. 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 12 SENATOR GOLDEN: So there's a study underway 13 for these crosswalk changes and removal of the 14 crosswalks, and you're going to come back very 15 shortly with a plan. 16 Yes? No? 17 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I'm not sure where 18 that's coming from, but -- 19 SENATOR GOLDEN: Well, I'm asking. 20 You said you were going to change the 21 crosswalks -- 22 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: No, no. 23 I said, where there's agreement between the 24 commissioner of DOT, John Samuelsen, and myself, 25 we're going to look at issues where there's a high 1 likelihood or frequency of turning accidents where 2 someone gets struck in a crosswalk. 3 The first thing is, what can we do to 4 eliminate the turn at that location? 5 If we can't, then we'll talk about the idea 6 of moving the crosswalk away from the intersection 7 where it's a safer location where there are no 8 turns. 9 SENATOR GOLDEN: Okay, last question, 10 Mr. Chairman. 11 The -- no, I thank you for being here, all of 12 you, again. 13 I have to go to another meeting with the 14 Governor, and that's why I'm going to have to leave, 15 but, this question is important. It goes to the 16 tolls on the Verrazano Bridge, and others: $16. 17 At this rate, in the next few years, it will 18 be over $20. 19 People can't afford, and I perfectly 20 understand Staten Island can't get off of that 21 island, so I understand their issues. And they 22 deserve the fairness that they do get from the MTA 23 and from the City and State, but, we, too, can't get 24 on that island. 25 So we have another issue going, and we need 1 to be able to get relief on that. 2 Port Authority obviously has a program that 3 works, where they give it, if you're over that 4 bridge three times, it's a 58 percent reduction. 5 Obviously, I would strongly suggest that the 6 MTA look at that as well, for the people that work 7 and live and do business on Staten Island, so that 8 we can not impact a family. 9 It's a -- what do you call it? Pass -- 10 EZ-Pass. 11 It's $16. 12 If you are on EZ-Pass, it's $10.66. 13 A 58 percent reduction would bring it down to 14 $6.70, and that's, you know, not interrupting the 15 $5 charge that the Staten Islanders get for their 16 benefits, which we believe they are entitled to, 17 which we keep. 18 But that's something I'd like to see happen, 19 going forward. 20 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: I understand. 21 SENATOR GOLDEN: Thank you. 22 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Just one quick question 23 from me. 24 We talk a lot -- this is almost a follow-up 25 on what Senator Golden was talking about -- there 1 are some bridges that are not tolled at this point 2 in time. The 59th Street Bridge, for example. 3 If these untolled bridges were tolled, could 4 we reduce the toll on the other bridges, overall, so 5 that there's no net loss, and not necessarily just 6 to increase funding, but just to stop 7 bridge-shopping, so to speak, which a lot of people 8 do? 9 It creates congestion in certain areas. 10 And we might be able to lower the tolls on 11 some of these other bridges if we tolled, and 12 figured out so that you're held harmless, so to 13 speak, with the money. 14 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: That's certainly what 15 Move NY says is the case. 16 I think we need to review the details to make 17 sure that the net impact is what you say it is, 18 which is neutral, but that's the proposal they have. 19 SENATOR MARCELLINO: What is your 20 consideration? 21 Have you considered this? Are you looking at 22 this? 23 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We have been in 24 dialogue with them throughout the entire process. 25 We're concerned about the issue of whether or 1 not the net impact is neutral or generates the 2 revenue they say it does. 3 We need to look at it from a standpoint of 4 just due diligence. 5 The issue of how much is set aside to 6 maintain the bridges that are currently maintained 7 by somebody else is key. 8 I think when anybody inherits the 9 responsibility of maintenance of an asset, you've 10 got to know exactly what the nature of that asset 11 is. 12 We know what our assets are that Bridges and 13 Tunnels owns, and we don't give a dollar away and 14 fund other parts of the system as we do until we are 15 assured that that asset is fully maintained, and 16 it's being replaced, and its assets are being 17 replaced. 18 Right now, we're making hundreds of millions 19 of dollars of expenditures to extend the useful life 20 of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge for another 21 50 years, I believe. 22 And, Jimmy, did you want to add? 23 JAMES FERRARA: That is correct, Senator. 24 One thing, we're secure in our knowledge, the 25 assets that we maintain and control are in a very, 1 very good state of good repair. 2 And most importantly, to support mass transit 3 over the last 2 years, funding from collection of 4 tolls totaled about $2 billion. 5 So we know what our assets are. We know the 6 condition they're in. We know the revenue 7 collected, and where the revenue goes. 8 When you start discussing, potentially, 9 tolling East River bridges, there are many 10 situations that have to be vetted, to determine what 11 the asset will give you back in return, minus costs: 12 minus repair, minus operating costs and capital 13 costs. 14 There are many things to be discussed -- 15 SENATOR MARCELLINO: What I'm suggesting is, 16 discuss them. 17 Let's not just talk about it. Let's do it. 18 I mean, if there's a potential out there to 19 ease this -- 20 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We've had discussions 21 with them, and we will continue the discussions. 22 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I know, but, I mean, 23 it's got to come to a conclusion. 24 I understand discussions, but it's got to 25 come to a conclusion at some point in time, that we 1 do this. 2 I do know people do shop for -- a lot of 3 people will come to an area where it's not tolled. 4 They want to save the 15, 16 dollars. 5 I don't blame them. 6 But that adds to traffic congestion in those 7 neighborhoods and air pollution in those 8 neighborhoods, and a whole bunch of other things 9 that happen in those areas, that might be alleviated 10 if we moved along. 11 I understand there's additional costs that 12 has to be taken into consideration. 13 I understand all that. 14 And I understand repair and maintenance, and 15 subtracting costs, with potential [unintelligible]. 16 But let's get those studies done. 17 How much time does it take to do a study on 18 numbers? 19 Let's work it out, okay, gentlemen? 20 Second round, last round, with this Panel, 21 please, because we have a time problem, and we have 22 three other panels. 23 Senator Martins, and then Senator Dilan. 24 SENATOR MARTINS: Thank you. 25 Let's take up where we left off, shall we? 1 $32 billion in this 5-year capital plan: 2 3 billion for bridges and tunnels, for $29 billion. 3 You said $7 billion would be what we were 4 going to borrow, but we have a $15 billion 5 shortfall, don't we? 6 ROBERT FORAN: Yes. 7 SENATOR MARTINS: So how does that get made 8 up, and how does that factor into your "$7 billion" 9 figure? 10 ROBERT FORAN: Well, as I said, the current 11 financial plan, which is the one that we presented, 12 is $15 billion short. 13 So of the funding that we have for you, 14 $16 billion, $7 billion of that was bonding. 15 It's an ongoing discussion that you clearly 16 will be very much a part of, in terms of coming up 17 with how we're going to close that. 18 To the extent that the State came up with 19 more money, that would reduce the net deficit. 20 To the extent the feds came up with more 21 money, that's going to reduce the deficit. 22 To the extent that the City, that will reduce 23 the deficit. 24 We're also, again, pushing very hard to see 25 what we can get from the private sector. 1 So all I know right now, is the deficit looks 2 to be about $15 billion. 3 How that's made up with, I don't know, but we 4 did not put additional bonding on the table. 5 SENATOR MARTINS: I understand. 6 So, $7 billion, plus the $15 billion, for a 7 total of 22 billion, right now, since there doesn't 8 appear to be another funding source until we're able 9 to reach consensus on something. 10 What is the current level of the MTA 11 outstanding debt? 12 ROBERT FORAN: 34 billion. 13 SENATOR MARTINS: 34 billion. 14 In the history of the MTA, it's 34 billion, 15 and you're conceptually asking for 22 billion for 16 the next 5 years? 17 ROBERT FORAN: I'm not asking for 22. 18 SENATOR MARTINS: Okay. 19 You've got 7 billion against the $29 billion 20 proposal -- 21 ROBERT FORAN: Right. 22 SENATOR MARTINS: -- so there's a $22 billion 23 gap. 24 ROBERT FORAN: There is a $15 billion gap. 25 There's $22 billion -- it's 15 gap, and we 1 have 7, that was your 22. 2 SENATOR MARTINS: That's my point. 3 ROBERT FORAN: I'm just saying that there's a 4 $15 billion gap. 5 SENATOR MARTINS: Plus the 7 billion that 6 you're already borrowing as against the other -- 7 ROBERT FORAN: The amount of money that we 8 have put into this plan for borrowing, the 9 7 billion, that's -- a significant portion of that 10 we've already set monies aside for. 11 You heard us talk earlier about the 12 pay-as-you go? 13 Every time we did a refunding, and we have 14 probably generated, on a present-value basis, the 15 amount of money that we've saved with refundings 16 over the last 4 years is about, I'd say, close to 17 a billion three. 18 Every time we saved money on our refundings, 19 when interest rates were lower and we replaced 20 high-interest debt with low-interest debt, we have 21 been banking that money for this capital program of 22 '15 to '19. 23 When we've saved money by reducing costs, we 24 either put it to reducing the fares or we also set 25 it aside for the debt service. 1 So, effectively, we think that this 2 $290 million that we still have set aside every 3 year, beginning this year, 2015, will support about 4 $5.4 billion of either debt and pay-as-you-go. 5 So the commitment we're making, is every time 6 we can save money, we're trying to figure out, if it 7 was capital, capitally derived, can we put it aside 8 for the next capital program? 9 And that's what we're trying to do. 10 SENATOR MARTINS: No, I understand. 11 This is the equivalent of somebody 12 refinancing their house, saving a portion of that 13 money, and then deciding, with that portion that 14 they saved in their monthly mortgage payment, that 15 they can then take out an equity loan and afford a 16 certain amount as against that. 17 ROBERT FORAN: Yeah, if they were going to -- 18 it would make perfect sense if you're going to use 19 that for a needed addition on your house or to 20 reroof it. 21 So that's what we're doing. 22 SENATOR MARTINS: Two more questions, 23 Mr. Chairman. 24 One is, very quickly, MTA payroll tax. 25 Back when it was passed, I understood that 1 there was a downturn in the economy, and significant 2 losses in revenues to the MTA that came through 3 things like mortgage tax, the real-estate industry 4 was in a different place. 5 But, can you speak to those revenue streams, 6 and how they have come back over the last five, 7 six years, and whether or not we're back in a 8 position where those funding streams are restored 9 such that the MTA payroll tax is redundant? 10 ROBERT FORAN: At its height, we were about 11 a billion seven. That was the total amount of 12 real-estate revenues that we received. 13 I think we have something -- if you hold one 14 second, I'll tell you what we have coming in. 15 In the 2015 budget, we're talking about the 16 urban tax, which is a real-estate tax; it's some 17 mortgage recording; and it's also the real-property 18 transfer. It's 675 million. 19 And our mortgage-recording tax -- excuse me. 20 And the mortgage-recording tax is about 21 365 million. 22 So we're a little bit over a billion dollars. 23 So we're still 600, 700 million dollars short 24 of where we were at the peak. 25 And during that time our costs have continued 1 to go. 2 SENATOR MARTINS: Sure. 3 And just to highlight, or to piggyback on a 4 point that Senator Golden and Senator Marcellino 5 made, I understand, and I see this figure a lot, 6 this $1 trillion asset that we have that is the MTA, 7 and I appreciate it. I truly do. 8 You know, I thank God that this was done 9 100-plus years ago, where we didn't to have pay for 10 it today, and we, literally, have the benefit of 11 this great investment that was made privately over 12 100 years ago. 13 But when you come right down to it, it comes 14 down to people's ability to use mass transit. 15 And, so, if a peaked ticket from Mineola to 16 Penn Station cost me $20, if I don't -- if I buy it 17 on the train, at some point there's a cost that is 18 just -- it's impractical for a family to travel 19 using the train, and we're being pushed into cars. 20 And, so, when we consider the trillion-dollar 21 figure, I get it, but, we also have to make sure 22 that people can continue to use these trains. And 23 it's becoming evermore expensive. 24 And, certainly, we've discussed this in the 25 past. These fare increases on top of fare increases 1 are significant. 2 And though we have to maintain it, and 3 maintain this system, I would just encourage you to 4 take into consideration the actual cost to the users 5 today. 6 Not everybody's going into the city to work. 7 Other people need to get into the city 8 sporadically. 9 They don't have the opportunity to buy these 10 monthly passes. 11 The idea is, mass transit should be cheaper 12 than the alternative. And when it's not, there's a 13 real problem. 14 And, folks, I would suggest to you that we're 15 reaching the point where it's no longer 16 cost-effective for a family to travel using mass 17 transit into the city. 18 Thank you. 19 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you. 20 Senator Dilan. 21 SENATOR DILAN: Yes. 22 This year's executive budget proposes to 23 repropose $104 million of surplus operating revenues 24 into capital projects; however, the executive also 25 reports that you will only realize $37 million this 1 year. 2 Where did the other $67 million go? 3 Is it being swept? 4 ROBERT FORAN: No. No, that's not a sweep. 5 What they did is, of the monies that we 6 received from the Metropolitan Mass Transit 7 operating assistance account, we call it "MTOA," 8 $104 million is being recharacterized as capital for 9 us. 10 We were expecting about $68 million of that 11 to come to us as operating. 12 There was actually $37 million more than we 13 had anticipated receiving. 14 So in one sense, we already had pay-as-you-go 15 capital in our budget. So, the $68 million that 16 they have identified for capital, we'll just reduce 17 our pay-as-you-go capital by that amount so that 18 that money can go for operations. 19 But the net effect of it is, they are giving 20 us $37 million more than we had expected, and that's 21 been earmarked, designated, for capital. 22 SENATOR DILAN: Okay. Thank you. 23 Since safety has also been an issue here 24 today, I know the costs, for many years, subway 25 entrances throughout the New York City subway system 1 have been closed. 2 Can you get us a list of those closed 3 entrances? 4 And, for example, in my district, we have at 5 least 10 stations that are closed. 6 And, in view of the increased ridership, 7 would it be appropriate to reevaluate those closed 8 entrances? 9 And it's something I would like to work with 10 you on. 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: We'll get you a list 12 of the closures, and we'll take a look at them in 13 terms of reevaluation in terms of their opening. 14 SENATOR DILAN: So we'll follow up? 15 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 16 SENATOR DILAN: Thank you. 17 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator Hoylman. 18 Thank you, Senator. 19 SENATOR SQUADRON: Senator Hoylman's not 20 here. 21 I'll take the second round. 22 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Senator Squadron. 23 SENATOR SQUADRON: Thank you. 24 Let me come at this just slightly 25 differently. 1 We know the absolute minimum before the 2 system starts to really fall apart, and we know that 3 that'll happen quickly if it does. 4 $32 billion was passed by the board, as you 5 pointed out. 6 In that $32 billion, do you see any wasted 7 expenditures? 8 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: No. 9 SENATOR SQUADRON: None? 10 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Not at all. 11 If you take a look at the Urban Land 12 Institute report, and you take a look at others that 13 are third parties, compare it against a 14 trillion-dollar asset, the size of the ask should be 15 closer to $40 billion. 16 There's a limit with respect to how much we 17 could ramp up. 18 "$32 billion" is a number that the board 19 agreed upon, as submitted by the staff, in terms of 20 this balanced approach to state of good repair, 21 enhance, and expand. 22 SENATOR SQUADRON: Great. 23 And so -- and when we hear about expand, 24 we're talking not talking about some skyway to, you 25 know, I don't even know. 1 We're talking about Second Avenue subway that 2 we've already invested a huge amount in, East Side 3 access, 7 Train extension -- 4 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: 7 Train extension is 5 already funded. 6 It's Penn Access for Metro-North. 7 SENATOR SQUADRON: So we're talking -- 8 okay -- 9 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 10 SENATOR SQUADRON: -- for Metro-North? 11 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 12 SENATOR SQUADRON: And we're talking things 13 like about countdown clocks, so that people can make 14 smart, informed decisions about which subway to get 15 on? 16 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: That's more in the 17 enhanced part of the program: improve the level and 18 quality of service. 19 SENATOR SQUADRON: Great. 20 And, we're talking making sure that we don't 21 have cars and switches and third rails that break 22 down? That's something that -- 23 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: That's in the state 24 of good repair. 25 SENATOR SQUADRON: Great. 1 So I just want to be very clear: We cut that 2 $32 billion, we're going to be cutting something 3 that, in your 40-year experience, you think is 4 valuable and important for the system? 5 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 6 SENATOR SQUADRON: Thank you very much. 7 I also just want to say, briefly, I think we 8 all know that, as the Chair talked about, 9 route-shopping is going on like crazy. 10 It goes on across my district. And 11 Broome Street goes on through my district in 12 Brooklyn Heights. And so I think we do know that's 13 a huge problem that we need to -- 14 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Route-shopping, or 15 bridge-shopping? 16 SENATOR SQUADRON: Bridge-shopping. 17 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Okay. 18 SENATOR SQUADRON: Thank you. 19 SENATOR GOLDEN: Thank you, gentlemen. 20 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Gentlemen, I appreciate 21 your time. 22 That's last question for this Panel, and 23 thank you very much for coming. 24 Tom, look forward to hearing from those -- 25 those reports, if you could send them to us, we 1 would appreciate that. 2 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: Yes. 3 And we'll bring Pat out to meet with you. 4 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you. 5 THOMAS F. PRENDERGAST: He really wanted to 6 be here today. 7 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Send him our best 8 wishes. 9 The next panel is William Henderson and 10 Ellyn Shannon. 11 Thank you very much for your willingness to 12 attend. 13 You are part of the Public Citizen Advisory 14 Council [sic]. And your mission, I guess, is to -- 15 and if I'm incorrect in this, you can correct me, 16 please -- is to provide uses of the MTA subway, bus, 17 and commuter-rail services, and give a voice in the 18 formulation and implementation of MTA policy, and 19 hold the MTA board and the MTA management 20 accountable to the riders? 21 WILLIAM HENDERSON: That's essentially 22 correct, Senator. 23 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Okay. 24 You're on. 25 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Okay, we appreciate the 1 opportunity to testify this morning. 2 The last eight years have been a difficult 3 period for the MTA. 4 It's hard to conceive that riding high in the 5 revenue is from dedicated real-estate taxes. 6 The MTA, in 2005 and 2006, was able to offer 7 riders a holiday bonus that included half fare on 8 weekends, bonus days, metro cards, free off-peak 9 tickets on commuter rail -- and free off-peak 10 tickets on commuter railroads. 11 Soon after, the economy crashed, and the good 12 times ended. 13 Since 2008, MTA has struggled mightily. 14 The MTA's efforts to budget the balance have 15 been outlined by the chairman, including 16 $1.1 billion in annual cost-saving measures. 17 Unfortunately, they also included a package 18 of service cuts approved in 2010 that produced a 19 great deal of hardship for many riders. 20 Improvements in the general economy have 21 allowed the MTA to put back some of the those 22 service cuts and improve service, starting in 2012, 23 but fare increases agreed upon in connection with 24 the MTA rescue package have really taken their toll 25 on riders. 1 A series of fare increases that were put in 2 effect since 2009 have severely impacted household 3 budgets; at the same time, many riders are coping 4 with stagnant or falling incomes. 5 As a result of the upcoming fare increase, a 6 family of two commuters from Wassaic on 7 Metro-North's Harlem Line, who use New York City 8 transit to complete their journeys, will pay over 9 $1250 per month in monthly commuting costs, and 10 that's before taking into account the additional 11 cost of transportation to their home station. 12 This is an extreme example, but it's not an 13 isolated one. 14 The situation is the same on Long Island. 15 The situation is the same in the northern 16 parts of the Metro-North area. 17 People are hurting because of commuting 18 costs. 19 The PCAC and its councils don't believe 20 riders should be held harmless from increasing costs 21 that the MTA faces. 22 It's long been our position that riders, like 23 all who benefit from the system, must pay their fair 24 share of the cost of operating the system. 25 Our concern, is that MTA riders already pay 1 the highest percentage of operating expenditures of 2 any public-transit users in the nation. 3 In 2012, this figure was 53.2 percent, 4 compared with 33.2 percent for systems nationally. 5 Subway and bus riders pay 52.6 percent of 6 expenditures. 7 Subway riders alone pay 73.2 percent. 8 The fare hikes in 2013 and 2015 have the 9 effect of increasing the proportional costs that's 10 borne by riders. 11 The primary factor exerting pressure on MTA's 12 finances, and, consequently, on the fare, is the 13 authority's immense bond obligation for capital 14 expenditures. 15 We continue to be concerned about the MTA's 16 debt load, which, as of the end of last year, as the 17 chairman said, tops $34 billion. 18 The MTA expects its annual debt-service 19 expenses to rise, from 2.3 billion in 2014, to 20 2.9 billion in 2018. 21 To put in it perspective, the 2018 debt 22 service that the MTA has to pay will amount to over 23 49 percent of the fares that it collects. 24 Increasing the burden without new revenues to 25 meet debt-service needs is not a viable option. 1 The challenges facing the MTA system demand a 2 balanced approach, but one thing that's out of 3 balance is the authority's spending on capital 4 investments. 5 The MTA's spending on capital investments is 6 programmed through a series of 5-year capital 7 programs. 8 The system has been in place since 1982 and 9 it served the MTA system well. 10 It's directed about $150 billion, in 11 2014 dollars, to maintenance, improvement, and 12 expansion, and it's enabled dramatic increases in 13 service quality and quantity. 14 Unfortunately, as you know, there's no 15 approved capital program in place. 16 The need for capital investment is ongoing, 17 and we believe that the State has a responsibility 18 to adequately provide for the MTA's capital needs so 19 that vital work to maintain and improve bus, 20 commuter rail, and subway service will not be 21 delayed. 22 There's a lot to do. 23 Although infrastructure has been stabilized 24 and reliability has improved greatly from the 25 '70s and '80s, the MTA system requires constant 1 infrastructural replacement and renewal and 2 maintenance to support this improved service. 3 Rails and stations have to be renewed. New 4 buses, railcars, and locomotives must be purchased, 5 and signal systems must be replaced and updated. 6 The capital needs of the MTA go beyond 7 maintaining the system in a state of good repair. 8 This region faces great challenges in 9 adapting to new weather patterns, and the MTA's 10 assets must be hardened against more frequent and 11 severe storms. 12 Further, the ridership of the system is 13 changing and expanding, as the chairman noted. 14 We're seeing increasing demands on the MTA 15 service. Ridership is at levels not seen since the 16 '40s and '50s, and not recorded at all. 17 There has to be more capacity in the system 18 to provide for these demands. 19 The MTA needs modernized signal systems that 20 include more trains to travel over the same tracks, 21 and new fare systems that allow it to efficiently 22 collect fares and speed bus boarding. 23 It has to continue with development of better 24 information systems, like the countdown clocks, the 25 bus-time information system, help-point intercoms, 1 and these make travel more secure and efficient. 2 The MTA has to follow through on the 3 commitment that it and the City made to providing 4 Rapid Bus service, and expanding and improving the 5 bus network. 6 It needs to provide new commuter-rail 7 facilities and equipment to respond to changing 8 population and development patterns on Long Island 9 and the five MTA counties north of New York City, 10 and to ensure that the ally RR and Metro-North 11 service meets federal mandates and is as safe as 12 possible. 13 This isn't possible without a robust MTA 14 capital program and the funding to carry that out. 15 As the chairman noted, the PCAC, in 16 cooperation with the Urban Land Institute of 17 New York, recently released a study of the impact of 18 investment in the MTA's capital stock on the economy 19 of the area, and we have seen some notable 20 conclusions from that. 21 The findings are available online at 22 KeepNYontrack.org, and we encourage people to take a 23 look at those. 24 For all the good that the capital program has 25 done and all the promise it holds for the future, 1 there remain some serious issues in addition to the 2 lack of a program. 3 The first, is that the MTA investment and its 4 capital assets is stunningly low. 5 And you might think $32 billion is an awful 6 lot of money, but the replacement value of the MTA's 7 asset base is about a trillion dollars, as the 8 chairman again noted. 9 A more conservative figure that considers 10 depreciation and other factors in a way consistent 11 with the financials of major corporations is 12 $485 billion. 13 Even if we look at this lower figure, the MTA 14 invests in its capital assets at a rate of 15 1.1 percent per year, which is dramatically lower 16 than private freight railroads that invest at rates 17 between 6 and 7 percent. 18 The MTA's relative investment rates is even 19 lower when compared to regional utility companies 20 and other firms in the transportation industry, like 21 UPS and FedEx. 22 Planning for investment in the MTA's asset 23 base means nothing if the resources available are -- 24 necessary to achieve plans are unavailable. 25 And the MTA, and -- the MTA program -- in 1 terms of the MTA program, the PCAC remains 2 apprehensive that the resources available will not 3 be -- the resources necessary will not be there to 4 make the transportation investments that are needed. 5 Even at the relatively low reinvestment rate 6 that the MTA has proposed, only about one-half of 7 the funding is there to make these investments. 8 The MTA's proposed capital program has a big 9 funding gap of $15.2 billion, and that assumes that 10 federal support is going to be maintained as it has 11 in the past. 12 Recent history does little to quell our fears 13 of getting an adequate capital program approved. 14 In 2009, to 2014, the capital program was 15 fully funded when it was initially adopted. It was 16 reduced to meet available funding, and was largely 17 financed through increased debt backed by funding 18 originally intended to provide capital funds on a 19 pay-as-you-go basis. 20 The outlook this time around is, if anything, 21 worse. 22 This year's executive-budget proposal is not 23 encouraging. 24 While the capital program is the MTA's most 25 critical need for the future, the executive budget 1 does not address MTA's capital-resource needs. 2 MTA is now unable to make substantial 3 long-term commitments to capital spending, 4 threatening the state's construction and industrial 5 sectors and the thousands of jobs that depend upon 6 them. 7 We continue to be concerned that the -- by 8 the ongoing diversion of revenues from dedicated 9 transit funds to uses other than those for which 10 they were originally intended. 11 We've heard about the executive budget taking 12 $121.5 million in transit revenues from the 13 MTOA fund and using it to fund new capital 14 expenditures. 15 We also have heard last year about a 16 diversion of dedicated funds. Use it -- found that 17 in -- use of $20 million per year of MTOA funds to 18 pay off state service-contract debt. And this is 19 scheduled to be repeated every year through 2019. 20 An improving economy is strengthening the 21 MTA's financial position, but this positive 22 development could be short-lived without adequate 23 financial support from the State. 24 The system is simply not in a position where 25 it can afford to lose revenue sources without some 1 kind of replacement revenue. 2 The MTA's adopted budget projects a closing 3 cash balance of only $64 million for 2015. 4 That's a lot of money, but it's a razor-thin 5 margin for an organization with an annual budget of 6 over $13 billion, and it's less than 1/2 of 7 1 percent of the MTA's total expenditures. 8 Because the budget is so precarious, funding 9 stability is critical. 10 The PCAC has, for many years, called upon our 11 elected officials to provide the MTA with a balanced 12 package of funding sources that, taken as a whole, 13 are stable, reliable, and able to grow in line with 14 the increased cost of providing the transportation 15 sources and services that are needed. 16 We continue to believe that safeguards, such 17 as a meaningful lockbox for dedicated funds, should 18 be in place to prevent raids on MTA funding. 19 While there's reasons to be cautiously 20 optimistic, changes can be quick. 21 Many of us remember that -- as I said before, 22 that the MTA, in 2005-2006 had plenty of money, and 23 that evaporated very quickly in the financial crises 24 of 2009, and service cuts and funding cuts in 2010. 25 Without new debt -- without new funding, the 1 only way to fund the capital program will be more 2 bonding against additional revenues. 3 But it's not reasonable to ask an entity that 4 can't meet its full operating costs through the fare 5 box, and can only, with great difficulty, produce a 6 self sustaining-budget, to fund capital expenditures 7 through bonds. 8 This strategy will only increase the MTA's 9 debt load of $34 billion, and further increase the 10 annual debt service projected to reach 2.9 billion 11 in 2018, and amount to over 49 percent of fares 12 collected. 13 We believe that the State must return to its 14 legacy of support for the MTA, and ensure that 15 funding for the 2015-2019 capital program will not 16 put pressure on the MTA's operating budget or on its 17 fares and tolls. 18 Along with riders, those who receive 19 advantages from the MTA system also include 20 motorists, business, and real-estate interests, and 21 all who depend on the economic viability made 22 possible by the MTA system. 23 These persons and entities have traditionally 24 paid their share of the cost of operating the MTA 25 through a series of dedicated taxes and state 1 general-fund appropriation, and the State must now 2 take a fresh look at funding sources that are tied 3 to benefits that the system generates. 4 Creating a strong and equitable funding 5 structure for the MTA may include consideration 6 measures such as a rationalization of bridge and 7 tunnel crossing charges to generate additional toll 8 revenue, while reducing the negative impacts of 9 bridge shopping on neighboring communities. 10 And you'll hear more about this, I'm sure, in 11 Mr. Matthiessen's presentation. 12 Revenues could also be increases -- increased 13 through adjustments to some of the existing revenue 14 sources, uncapping some of the revenue sources that 15 are currently capped. 16 Another possibility is capturable portion of 17 the value created through the construction or 18 improvement of transit system -- transit facilities 19 through special-assessment districts or other means. 20 The State once before rose to the challenge 21 of rescuing the MTA from its financial crises, and 22 we again ask for you to rise to this challenge and 23 create a more useable and efficient system. 24 The downstate region in our state would not 25 exist in their present form without public 1 transportation service provided by the MTA and its 2 operating agencies. 3 It's only proper that those that are 4 benefited by the system provide for its support. 5 We ask our elected officials to initiate and 6 guide a broad public discussion of the funding 7 structure that assures long-term success of the 8 MTA system. 9 Thank you. 10 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you. 11 Question: Does the PCAC support the MTA's 12 policy of increasing fares and tolls every 13 two years? 14 WILLIAM HENDERSON: We support the policy of 15 the riders being one of many funding sources that 16 meet increasing costs. 17 We -- what we don't like is that the riders 18 are being asked to pay an ever-increasing proportion 19 of costs of providing service. 20 Whether it's -- you know, there is some merit 21 in doing fare increases every two years, I won't 22 deny that. 23 It's better than the system that prevails, 24 say, in New Jersey, where you don't have any fare 25 increases for 10 years, and then you have a whopper. 1 A 25 percent increase, I think, the last time they 2 did it. 3 That's really tough on a budget. 4 If your subway fares have gone up a quarter 5 every two years, and maybe every four years, because 6 you're alternating the passes and the cash fare, 7 that's a little bit easier to handle on the 8 budgetary side. 9 I mean, somebody's got to pay for this, 10 Senator. And we don't think that riders ought to be 11 exempt, but riders should -- by the same token, 12 riders shouldn't be taken advantage of. Riders 13 shouldn't continue to bear more and more of the 14 cost. 15 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Well, the reason I raise 16 it is because the fares and tolls, as you know, will 17 be going up an average of 4 percent in -- which is, 18 you know, 2 percent annually, later this month. 19 The previous increase took place in 2013 at 20 7 1/2 percent. 21 And the next increase is scheduled for 22 March 2017, 4 percent. 23 And until the current increase, the MTA fare 24 and toll increases over the past several years have 25 significantly exceeded the inflation rate. 1 WILLIAM HENDERSON: That's correct. 2 SENATOR MARCELLINO: So, by that, is the -- 3 in your opinion, is the MTA doing a good job? 4 WILLIAM HENDERSON: I think the MTA is doing 5 what it has to do. 6 Unfortunately, there's only -- there's 7 basically only two things that the board can do to 8 improve its financial position. 9 One is increase fares and tolls; the other is 10 cut services. 11 In the absence of other funding -- in the 12 absence of other funding -- 13 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Do we reach a point 14 where we drive people out who need the service? 15 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yes. 16 SENATOR MARCELLINO: And do we reach a point 17 where, if we keep cutting and cutting and cutting, 18 we will drive people out -- 19 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yes, we do. 20 SENATOR MARCELLINO: -- and put them -- we 21 don't want them back in their cars. 22 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yes, we do. And I think 23 we drive people out who are -- you know, like you 24 say, the household that's paying $1250 a month to 25 commute, you're driving those people out. 1 You are saying, you know, don't work in the 2 city anymore because you've got to generate a 3 $15,000 nut, after taxed income, just to pay your 4 commuting costs before you get dollar one to put in 5 your family's needs. 6 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Where I live, the 7 average income -- and then I'll move on to another 8 question -- but the average income is about 9 $60,000 a year. 10 Use of the Long Island Railroad to the city, 11 and then with a subway card, because they're going 12 to need one after that, maybe a cab, puts it over 13 about $5,000 annually. 14 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yeah. 15 SENATOR MARCELLINO: That's a pretty big 16 chunk of your money, and then you're living on the 17 rest. 18 That doesn't even get to food and fuel, and 19 heat, which is, by the way, absent in this room. 20 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yeah. 21 [Laughter.] 22 WILLIAM HENDERSON: It makes it very 23 difficult. And, you know, it's compounded by the 24 fact that folks tend to move out farther to get more 25 housing value for their money -- 1 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Absolutely. 2 WILLIAM HENDERSON: -- which increases their 3 transportation costs. So things that are -- 4 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I use -- I use where 5 I live, because it's Centre Island, basically. 6 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yeah, I mean, folks who 7 are living out in Smithtown probably are -- you 8 know, they may enjoy the area, but they may also 9 enjoy the fact that they can actually buy a house 10 that they can afford out there, rather than a little 11 bit closer in. 12 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I hear you. 13 Senator Martins. 14 And we've been joined by Senator Felder, and 15 he can prepare his questions. 16 SENATOR MARTINS: Thank you both for being 17 here. 18 One of the concerns I have is, as we go 19 through this process of capital reinvestment in the 20 MTA, and we all understand how important the MTA is 21 as an asset and economic engine, but I always get 22 the sense that these reinvestments, rather than just 23 being maintenance, are upgrades. 24 And although upgrades are fine, if we can 25 afford them, that, oftentimes, the same thing can be 1 done for far less if we're just talking about 2 maintaining a system as it currently stands. 3 And we understand that people can't afford to 4 continue to pay ever-increasing costs. 5 I don't live out in Smithtown. 6 I'm from Mineola; and, so, you know, the cost 7 of someone traveling to the city during peak hours 8 is significant. It is significant. 9 And if you add a number of people, and if a 10 family goes in, and I made the point before, it 11 becomes prohibitive. 12 So do you, as part of the PCAC, evaluate, not 13 only the investment in infrastructure, but also, 14 qualitatively, what types of investment they're 15 making, and whether or not it is justified or 16 reasonable to do it at this point? 17 ELLYN SHANNON: In this report that we 18 partnered with the Urban Land Institute on, we 19 looked at the global competitiveness. 20 So, what are other systems doing? 21 We also looked at the sustainability. 22 And particularly after "Sandy," the need for 23 upgrades has become that much more important to try 24 and make the system a much more resilient system. 25 And so, in light of those two things, and 1 then there's the third factor that they need to 2 accommodate, is it gets very hard getting 3 replacement parts and doing it the way it used to be 4 done; whether you're upgrading your switches, which 5 is a major need right now on a 100-year-old system. 6 And, so, those three factors make it so 7 they're not really luxury items. They're items that 8 are necessary in order to keep up and make it a 9 system that functions as well as possible. 10 WILLIAM HENDERSON: I think I would add to 11 that, some of these upgrades are necessary for the 12 demands that are being put on the system. And 13 I mean that in terms of quantity and in terms of 14 quality. 15 The signalization improvements that the MTA 16 is moving forward on are absolutely critical in 17 putting more trains out on the same amount of track. 18 We're not going to -- in -- with some limited 19 exceptions, we're not going to be building many new 20 subways. 21 We have to put more -- move more people 22 through the existing subways, and the only way you 23 can do that is by improving signalization. You 24 know, basically, getting more trains on that same 25 piece of track. 1 The other thing is, people are conditioned to 2 want more information. 3 So, you know, it used to be okay to lean over 4 the track and look for the light down -- you know, 5 down three or four stations down the track. 6 Now people want to know when the next train 7 is coming. "How many minutes am I going have to 8 wait?" 9 You know, a lot of that has to do with, you 10 know, the information age. 11 But, if you look at the reaction people have 12 had to the countdown-clock technology, it has been 13 overwhelmingly positive, and, actually, has been one 14 of the things that I think has improved people's 15 view of the transit system more than any other 16 element. 17 What has happened -- what happened with those 18 countdown clocks and -- is that they were, 19 basically, an add-on to a system of train control. 20 The countdown clocks, if you look at what -- 21 if you wanted to say, What would it cost us to put 22 countdown clocks on the system, working from whole 23 cloth? it would be a very high figure. 24 If you said, What does it cost us to add on 25 countdown clocks under the system where we're 1 already putting in fiber optics and train control? 2 it wasn't all that expensive, and it's had big 3 dividends. 4 So I think it's -- it's not -- it's not a 5 matter of -- in a sense, it's not a matter of being 6 cheap. It's a matter of looking for value. And 7 it's a matter of getting -- you know, if you can get 8 something that improves people's experience, and do 9 it in a way that's an acceptable value, you do it. 10 And I think they've made -- you know, they've 11 made the right decision there. 12 SENATOR MARTINS: No, I understand, but, you 13 know, in the abstract, we can all sit here and agree 14 that we need all of these upgrades, and we need to 15 spend this money on capital improvements. And then 16 we sit back and we realize that it means borrowing, 17 you know, an unimaginable amount of money. 18 And, we also have to consider the 19 consequences of authorizing borrowing that kind of 20 money on future expenses, because they have to 21 maintain that system as well, and the complexity of 22 the new systems that are being placed in service; as 23 well as, you know, what's it going to cost the 24 average rider, whether on the Long Island Railroad, 25 Metro-North, buses, or the subway system? 1 How much is it going to cost at a time when 2 people just can't afford it? 3 And, so, we can advocate for more, in the 4 abstract, but, how much is it going to cost, 5 ultimately, to put all this in place when there 6 isn't a system to sort of absorb that cost right 7 now? 8 How do we do it? 9 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Well, as I said before, 10 somebody's got to pay for this, and that's -- you 11 know, that's the bottom line. 12 And if the money isn't there to pay for this, 13 you can't do it. 14 However, there are some -- however, a lot -- 15 a lot of the money that's in the capital program is 16 absolutely necessary for the system to operate. If 17 you don't spend it, the system will begin to break 18 down, and begin to break down fairly quickly. 19 You know, people look at the -- people look 20 at what they call the "mega projects." They look at 21 East Side access and the Second Avenue subway. 22 They really make up a fairly small portion of 23 the capital program. 24 SENATOR MARTINS: Very small portion. 25 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yeah. 1 Most of the money that's going in is going 2 into maintenance, repair. 3 And a lot of the money that's going in, in 4 upgrades, or in the "enhanced" portion of the 5 capital program, as the MTA calls it, is -- is a -- 6 expenditures on replacing things that are not 7 available anymore. 8 You can't go out -- you can't go out and buy 9 the signal system that is in place now. 10 At one time, the MTA had people working, 11 rewinding relays by hand, because you can't buy the 12 relays anymore. 13 You have to move forward. 14 It's like trying to -- you know, trying to 15 work on a tube-type television. It's almost more 16 expensive to try to recreate what's there than it is 17 to move on to the next technology. 18 SENATOR MARTINS: Which begs the next 19 question: How did we get here? 20 I mean, how did we get to such a state of 21 disrepair when we want to reach a state of good 22 repair? 23 How did we get to such a state of disrepair, 24 where we're looking at the potential of borrowing 25 that much money, literally, doubling the amount of 1 outstanding debt for the MTA that they've acquired 2 over their entire history; doubling it in the next 3 five years? 4 And has there been a lack of attention to 5 these details over the history of the MTA, that now 6 places it more in focus for this next 5-year plan? 7 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Well, one thing 8 I would say, is the quality of the system has been 9 improving, from the beginning of the capital 10 programs, up through the present time. 11 That doesn't change the fact that it is 12 incredibly expensive to maintain that system. 13 I mean, it's -- you know, we're talking about 14 a huge asset. A trillion -- if you want to take the 15 chairman's view of it, a trillion dollars. 16 If you want to take an accountant's view of 17 it, it's $482 billion; half a trillion dollars. 18 It's still huge. 19 And what we're investing in maintaining that 20 system is, at the lower number, about 1 percent of 21 the -- about 1 percent of its value. 22 What the freight railroads, the Class 1's, 23 the Union Pacific, the Norfolk Southerns, their 24 investment is 6 to 7 percent of the value of their 25 assets. 1 Now, it's not, strictly speaking, comparable. 2 There are differences. 3 But you look at FedEx and UPS, they're 4 investing upwards -- close to double-digits of the 5 value of their assets in maintenance, repair, and 6 improvement. 7 ELLYN SHANNON: I think one other area, if 8 you want to look at it over the 30-year period and 9 what the investment money has done so far, it has 10 increased the capacity of the system for a million 11 riders -- a million more riders. 12 And now they're expecting a million more on 13 top of that. 14 The complexity that's being faced right now 15 is, ridership patterns are changing, and, you have 16 times of day changing too. 17 So where, on Long Island, you have a majority 18 of a two-track system, and sometimes a one-track 19 system, you have to find ways of, you know, getting 20 more capacity out of your tracks. And the same with 21 the subway system. 22 The subway system, really, on a signaling 23 basis, the A Division has been done. 24 The B Division is substantially bigger, and 25 it hasn't even -- you know, they haven't gotten to 1 that. 2 So I don't think it's a matter of that it's 3 fallen down over the 30 years. 4 It's that recovering from all those years of 5 disinvestment on a 100-year-old system is taking a 6 long time and it costs a lot of money. 7 WILLIAM HENDERSON: I mean, if you look at 8 the -- look at it this way: If the average life of 9 an asset is 33 years, that means, to keep it up, you 10 have to spend 3 percent every year on that asset. 11 Either put it in a sinking fund so it can go and 12 replace the asset, or, put it in periodic 13 maintenance, improvement, renewal, so, you know, you 14 spend it over the life. 15 They're not doing that right now, you know, 16 and we're concerned about that. 17 We're very concerned that there is adequate 18 money on the capital side to address the needs that 19 are out there. 20 Yeah, it's a lot of money, it's a big number, 21 but, you know, so is the value of the system. 22 SENATOR MARTINS: Of course, and someone's 23 got to pay for it in the end. 24 The only other thing I'll leave, and it's 25 more of a rhetorical point than anything else: 1 If there's going to be a $30 billion 2 investment over the next 5 years, and then we can 3 prepare for another $30 billion investment the 4 5 years after that, this is not a cure-all or a 5 fix-all. This is just another step along the way. 6 And, so, the commitment that needs to be made 7 for this 5-year plan also has to be made in the 8 context of the next 5-year plan, and the one after 9 that, and the one after that. 10 And if we're in a position where we're going 11 to be borrowing tens of billions of dollars every 12 five years, how much can the system sustain in terms 13 of debt load, and how much can we expect our riders 14 to have to pick up? 15 If we consider that, if we make this 16 investment, then we have to make the next one. And 17 if we make this one, then we can't afford not to 18 make the next one. 19 And it is just a self-perpetuating -- 20 frankly, self-perpetuating reality that it's going 21 to add cost to the bottom line and increase fares to 22 a level that is unsustainable. 23 And I'm concerned about that because we're 24 only talking about the next five years. 25 But, inherent in our discussion is a much 1 longer commitment and much more expensive 2 commitment. 3 WILLIAM HENDERSON: I absolutely agree with 4 that. 5 SENATOR MARCELLINO: We are going to have to 6 leave that as a rhetorical question. 7 We're running out of time. 8 Senator Felder? 9 SENATOR FELDER: No, I -- 10 SENATOR MARCELLINO: No, you don't have to 11 push that. 12 SENATOR FELDER: No, I know I don't have to. 13 I just wanted to say that I apologize for not 14 getting here earlier. 15 It's such an important issue, I want to thank 16 you both for all the work you are doing on this 17 issue. 18 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you, Simcha. 19 I just have one quick question, and I'm not 20 looking for a lengthy answer on this. A yes or no 21 would be great. 22 Should the City increase its contribution, 23 from $100 million, to $125 million as has been 24 proposed? 25 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Yes. 1 The City was contributing much more in the 2 past, and should return to a pattern that reflects 3 that reality. 4 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you very much for 5 your time. Appreciate it. 6 WILLIAM HENDERSON: Thank you. 7 SENATOR MARCELLINO: The next group is 8 LaTonya Crisp-Sauray, from the Transit [sic] Workers 9 Union; Dr. James Melius, of the New York State 10 Laborers; and, George Trickio, from the New York 11 State Laborers, Local 1298. 12 LATONYA CRISP-SAURAY: Thank you. 13 Good morning. 14 My name is LaTonya Crisp-Sauray. I am the 15 recording secretary of Transport Workers Union, 16 Local 100, the largest transportation union in the 17 nation, which represents 40,000 bus, subway, and 18 bike-share workers throughout New York City and 19 Westchester County. 20 I want to thank Senator Marcellino and 21 Senator Robach for giving me the opportunity to 22 provide testimony on the Metropolitan Transportation 23 Authority's budget and capital program. 24 The purpose of my testimony is to encourage 25 the full funding of the MTA's 32 billion capital 1 plan. 2 As a bus operator, I have firsthand knowledge 3 about the need for the government's full financial 4 backing of the MTA capital program. 5 As you all know, it is imperative that we 6 keep New York's economy moving forward. 7 Citizens rely on the MTA to get to their 8 destinations, work, medical appointments, and places 9 of worship. 10 Businesses depend on the transit system for 11 customers, and to allow their employees to get back 12 and forth to work safely, quickly, and efficiently. 13 Students rely on the MTA to get to school to 14 further their education, and strengthen our city and 15 state. 16 Let's talk about public transportation and 17 why it's important. 18 The MTA's 4-year 32 billion capital plan 19 entails critical investments to maintain 1 trillion 20 in assets and to expand the system. 21 This plan will meet the needs of New York's 22 vibrant, growing economy. 23 More than half of the capital program, or, 24 approximately 17 billion, is allocated for the 25 New York City Transit Authority and the MTA bus 1 company. 2 These two agencies alone served more than 3 2.4 billion passengers in 2014, accounting for more 4 than twice the ridership of the top 14 transit 5 agencies in the United States. 6 These figures clearly demonstrate the transit 7 system's importance in New York's economic health. 8 The importance of state of good repair: 9 First, we must invest in maintaining a state 10 of good repair. 11 Our transit system is over 100 years old and 12 regularly encounters problems due to infrastructure 13 deterioration. 14 7 major asset categories are more than 15 20 percent backlogged in state-of good-repair 16 investments. 17 These include stations, main-line signals, 18 communications, tunnel lighting, power, ventilation, 19 and subway shops. 20 As a bus operator, I know firsthand that 21 failing to properly monitor and rehabilitate 22 structures, equipment, and vehicles results in 23 frustration, and often in dangerous conditions, for 24 all. 25 Injuries and delays in service costs millions 1 of dollars in lost productivity. 2 Investing in a state of good repair allows us 3 to avoid preventable breakdowns that curb economic 4 activity and pose risks to public safety. 5 The role of public transportation is 6 supporting job growth. 7 We must invest in system expansions in order 8 to adapt to population shifts and ridership trends. 9 Workers require reliable transportation for 10 their daily commutes. 11 In Sunset Park in Brooklyn, and Hunts Point, 12 recent government funding have invested into 13 building the waterfronts and marine terminals. 14 The revitalization of these projects have 15 contributed to new emerging jobs. 16 Neighborhoods, such as Sunset Park in 17 Brooklyn and Hunts Point in the Bronx are adding 18 thousands of jobs to the economy; yet, these 19 communities lack adequate public-transit services 20 that help residents get to work within 40 minutes. 21 Proposals for bus rapid transit: 22 Bus rapid transit is an ideal solution to 23 this problem. 24 At a fraction of the cost of new subway 25 construction, bus rapid transit offers flexible and 1 fast surface transportation. The incorporation of 2 bus-rapid-transit elements, such as dedicated lanes, 3 priority signaling, and real-time travel 4 information, will produce greater travel speeds, 5 frequency of service, and capacity. 6 Full-featured bus rapid transit will provide 7 New Yorkers with direct and accessible connection to 8 subway services. 9 BRT enhancement access to jobs for lower-wage 10 workers throughout the entire city, to health care 11 for people with disabilities, and seniors, and to 12 greater educational opportunities. 13 A true BRT network will also reduce citizens' 14 reliance on cars, fossil fuels, and enable the city 15 to shrink its carbon footprint. 16 In view of these benefits, I propose that the 17 State support investments in brand-new 18 bus-rapid-transit routes in the Bronx and Brooklyn. 19 The routes in the Bronx will connect 20 Pelham Bay and East Chester to East Harlem, 21 servicing Co-Op City, Baychester, Pelham Gardens, 22 Morris Park, Port Chester, Sound View, Clason Point, 23 Hunts Point, Port Morris, and Mott Haven. 24 At its southern-most terminus, this route 25 will serve passengers using the future Second Avenue 1 subway at 125th Street. 2 The route in Brooklyn will connect 3 Sunset Park with John F. Kennedy International 4 Airport, servicing Borough Park, Windsor Terrace, 5 Prospect Park, Lefferts Gardens, Flatbush Ditmas 6 Park, East Flatbush, Brownsville, East New York, 7 Lindenwood, and Howard Beach. 8 Both of these routes would [unintelligible] 9 residents in transit-underserved communities to 10 major hospitals such as Jacoby Medical Center and 11 Kings County Hospital which are key centers of 12 employment in the health-care sector. 13 Bus rapid transit will significantly improve 14 the quality of life and broaden economic 15 opportunities for 660,000 residents living within a 16 half mile of these routes. 17 Compared with local bus service, bus rapid 18 transit in these communities will connect 27 percent 19 more workers to jobs within a 40-minute commute, 20 and, on average, each worker will have access to 21 30,000 jobs. 22 It should be noted that more than 60 percent 23 of the workers who live along the proposed BRT 24 routes earn less than $37,000 a year. 25 However, enhanced funding for the BRT would 1 allow the average low-income worker traveling to 2 over 20,000 jobs for which they qualify. 3 A good return on investment: 4 Together, these two bus-rapid-transit routes 5 will cost 120 million in initial capital 6 construction; yet, these projects will offer good 7 return on the public's investment. The routes will 8 create 382 new jobs, including direct jobs for 9 downstate transit workers and upstate 10 bus-manufacturing positions. 11 Also, bus rapid transit will add 12 approximately 20 million in value to the state 13 economy, produce over 50 million in industry 14 activity, and result in a 2 million increase in 15 state and local tax revenues during the year of 16 construction. 17 Once the routes are operating, they will 18 directly employ 234 transit workers, supporting 19 another 60 jobs throughout the economy, produce 20 almost 10 million in industry activity, and result 21 in an 800,000 increase in state and local tax 22 revenues. 23 Every dollar invested in these two projects 24 will stimulate 1.68 in economic activity for the 25 entire state. 1 Government financing of the MTA: 2 Adequate funding is vital to ensuring 3 quality, affordable, safe, and accessible public 4 transportation for the present and for the future. 5 Government financing of the MTA preserves the 6 payroll mobility tax, payroll mobility tax 7 replacement funds, and MTA to forestall fare hikes 8 or service cuts. 9 Consider requiring for-hire car-sharing 10 companies to pay a 50-cent surcharge, like 11 Yellow taxicabs. 12 For example, in 2013, since Uber provided 13 over 100,000 rides per week in New York City, a 14 50-cent fee on those rides would have resulted in at 15 least 2.6 million annually. 16 The revenue from such a project would 17 increase yearly. 18 The bottom line, is that New York can't 19 afford to delay investments in public 20 transportation. 21 Failing to act now will cost us millions in 22 growth potential for our economy, and hundreds, if 23 not thousands, of jobs around the state. 24 We must fully invest now, and sustain our 25 commitments to continue strengthening our economy. 1 Thank you. 2 SENATOR MARTINS: Well said. 3 Thank you. 4 DR. JAMES MELIUS: Yes, good morning. 5 My name is -- 6 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I just would -- I'm 7 looking at your lengthy -- 8 DR. JAMES MELIUS: I am going to summarize. 9 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Summarize. 10 DR. JAMES MELIUS: Definitely. 11 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Bless you. 12 DR. JAMES MELIUS: Okay. 13 That's what I was doing here, while I was 14 sitting, just underlining certain sections. 15 First of all, thank you both. 16 I have with me, George Trickio, from our 17 Local 1298 on Long Island. 18 I knew that there would be two Long Island 19 Senators still here this afternoon when I testified, 20 so I foresaw that and brought George with me. 21 And George also is in charge of our political 22 action committee. 23 Our union represents over 40,000 construction 24 workers in the state, most of them living within and 25 working within the area covered by the MTA. 1 We do have -- well, actually, probably, at 2 the present time, several thousand of them working 3 on MTA projects. 4 We also are MTA customers. 5 They and their families rely on the MTA to 6 get to work. 7 They rely on it functioning 24 hours a day 8 because many of our members work evenings and night 9 shifts, in some ways, to make sure that traffic 10 keeps moving, and that projects can get done in a 11 timely fashion. 12 We are very supportive, obviously, of the 13 need for an MTA capital plan. And we think that 14 what's contained in the current capital plan is both 15 reasonable and appropriate, given the great needs of 16 the MTA for increased investment. 17 As we've already heard, many years of 18 inadequate funding have left a large backlog of 19 work. And we can't go back and undo what's happened 20 before, but we certainly need to maintain investment 21 and maintain the growth. 22 And, you know, the importance of that system 23 means that we need to continue investing in a 24 capital plan, as well as into the operational side 25 of the program. 1 Right now we're at a stage where I think, in 2 the last several years, our citizens and people 3 throughout the state and the country understand the 4 need for more capital investment, and for -- in our 5 infrastructure; however, we've not really come up 6 with an agreement and a consensus on how we're going 7 to fund that. 8 I think for the past few years, we've had the 9 recession, and that sort of held us up in terms of 10 being able to invest in infrastructure. 11 But I think that we're, hopefully, past that, 12 and we're, hopefully, at a time where we will have 13 additional budget funding available to support this 14 plan. 15 I would like to make just four key points 16 I think that need to be considered in looking at the 17 funding of this plan, as well as addressing the gap. 18 First, I think long-term funding is extremely 19 important. 20 It's important not only in terms of 21 maintaining the system over a long period of time, 22 as we've already heard, but it's also true for 23 within the construction industry, to maintain a good 24 base of contractors and trained workers for being 25 able to conduct that work and do that work 1 efficiently and appropriately. 2 And, so, we think it's important that that 3 funding be maintained, and that 5-year plans and 4 even longer-term plans are important. 5 Secondly, we know that federal funding is a 6 key part of the investment in our system. 7 That's been very sporadic over the last few 8 years in terms of the plan. 9 We eventually have gotten the money, but it's 10 been through a series of short-term fixes to the 11 federal budget and not really long-term funding. 12 So, I think one thing that we need to do as a 13 state, and you as a legislator -- the Legislature, 14 is to make sure that we are working hard down in 15 Washington to get our fair share, and to continue to 16 get long-term federal funding, because I think 17 that's going to be key to helping us address this 18 gap, as well as some of our other 19 transportation-infrastructure gaps. 20 Second -- thirdly, we need a balanced 21 long-term approach. 22 There's no single source of funding that 23 I think is going to fill the gap or address the gap 24 completely. 25 The 5.1 billion wouldn't do that, what was 1 left from the bank settlements doing that, nor 2 would, you know, increasing the payroll tax or 3 increasing the fare, or any single area of source of 4 funding for this system. 5 We need to come up with a balanced approach. 6 It's not easy to do. 7 There are different priorities for different 8 users, but I think that now is the time that we can 9 address that. 10 You'll hear later about the Move NY plan, 11 which I think has a lot of good components to it. 12 It also is still a work-in-progress, and it 13 needs a lot of oversight and a lot of input, 14 I think, from the Legislature, as well as other 15 interest groups, in terms of what needs to be done. 16 Our union did not support the original 17 congestion pricing plan, because of concern of what 18 that plan would do for our members that work in 19 Manhattan, but, particularly, live outside of that 20 area. 21 And, people that live in Long Island, 22 Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx, who would suddenly 23 be paying much greater tolls to get into the city 24 for their work, and it would take a significant 25 amount out of their income. 1 Finally, I would just add one more concern; 2 and that is, that there's the need for equity. 3 We have other infrastructure needs. 4 Our roads and bridges need more investment. 5 Our water infrastructure, sewage treatment, 6 we have aging utility gas pipelines, electrical 7 systems, and so forth, that also need a significant 8 amount of investment. 9 That investment is in many billions of 10 dollars. 11 It's not going to be, you know, obtained 12 overnight, but we need to balance what we do for the 13 MTA, what we can do for roads and bridges, and what 14 we can do for these other infrastructure needs. 15 And let me end there, and I'll be glad to 16 answer any questions. 17 Thank you. 18 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Jack, any questions? 19 SENATOR MARTINS: No. I think your point is 20 well made. 21 The MTA's critically important, but so are 22 roads, bridges, and the need to continue to maintain 23 the infrastructure that currently exist. 24 And balance; balance is extraordinarily 25 important. 1 But I did appreciate the comments with 2 respect to the bus route, the transit, and the need 3 to reinvest in infrastructure for mass transit. 4 So, thank you very much. 5 Thanks for your comments. 6 SENATOR MARCELLINO: I think that's the 7 general concern that we all have here. That one of 8 the purposes of this hearing is to take a look at 9 the Governor's proposals. 10 In his budget, how can we, for lack of a 11 better word, fix. 12 I don't like that word. It implies it's 13 broken. It isn't. 14 Should we add to it? 15 Should we adjust, should we realign some of 16 the expenditures that were proposed? 17 I don't know. 18 We're looking at that now, so it's something 19 that we need input on. 20 Just a quick question. 21 What suggestions might you offer, if you can 22 be a little more specific, relative to that 23 $15 billion gap that you heard about in the MTA's 24 proposed $32 billion 2015-2019 capital program. 25 How might that be funded, if we eliminate 1 that? 2 DR. JAMES MELIUS: I think we need to look at 3 a balance. 4 We need -- it's already been discussed here, 5 New York City needs to invest more in it. 6 I think, frankly, the State has. 7 Where the State will -- you know, what's the 8 particular sources? 9 I think, you know, politically, and it's 10 difficult with the issues like the payroll tax, as 11 you both know. 12 And I know, I live in Columbia County just 13 north, and we are not included in the district, but, 14 areas below us are and there's concerns there about 15 it. 16 We need to see where the federal funding will 17 come from. 18 But I think we need an overall. We have to 19 look at the gas tax; what can be done motor-vehicle 20 taxes or other petroleum taxes to support our 21 infrastructure. And I think there are sources like 22 that. 23 And, frankly, at this point in time, I think 24 we have to take a serious look at things like 25 congestion pricing or tolling the East River 1 bridges, and coming up with an equitable system that 2 spreads the cost of the system around the entire -- 3 all the users, and to the extent we can. 4 It's not easy to do, but I think it needs to 5 be done. 6 SENATOR MARCELLINO: No, it's not easy 7 because, ultimately, we all know that the buck stops 8 with the individual taxpayer. 9 DR. JAMES MELIUS: Yeah. Oh, yeah. 10 SENATOR MARCELLINO: No matter where you get 11 the money, it all is going to come out of somebody's 12 pocket. It's either the right pocket, left pocket, 13 or back pocket, it's all coming out of the 14 taxpayer's pocket. 15 So, that's ultimately the end of it. 16 Thank you very much for your information. It 17 goes into the record. 18 We appreciate your time. 19 DR. JAMES MELIUS: Okay, thank you. 20 Thank you both. 21 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Nadine Lemmon, and, 22 Alex Matthiessen; New York and federal policy 23 coordinator for the Tri-State Transportation 24 Campaign, and, the campaign director for Move NY. 25 And would I suggest the same situation. If 1 you can summarize, it's better than reading the 2 whole thing, because we have it from the report. 3 NADINE LEMMON: Sounds good. 4 We understand. 5 My name is Nadine Lemmon, and I am the 6 New York and federal policy coordinator for 7 Tri-State Transportation Campaign. 8 TSTC is a non-profit policy and advocacy 9 organization working for a more sustainable 10 transportation network in New York, New Jersey, and 11 Connecticut. 12 I'm also testifying on behalf of the 13 Empire State Transportation Alliance, a broad-based 14 coalition of businesses, civic, and labor groups 15 that came together in 1995 around the Transportation 16 Bond Act, to advocate for the MTA capital plan. 17 We support a fully funded MTA capital 18 program, at $32 billion, as proposed by the MTA, and 19 that is 22 billion for state of good repair. 20 And, also, an additional 1 billion for the 21 upstate capital program for transit. 22 We're very pleased to hear the Governor's 23 State of the State, that he supported several key 24 components of the MTA's capital program, including 25 the completion of Second Avenue subway, construction 1 of Metro-North's Penn Access project, and purchase 2 of new railcars and buses; yet, much more remains to 3 be done. 4 While the MTA capital proposal represents a 5 significant number, it still falls far short of what 6 is generally acknowledged by the comptroller and 7 other transportation experts as to what is needed to 8 keep the New York's most valuable economic asset in 9 a state of good repair and to continue modest 10 expansion. 11 It also must be considered, in the broader 12 context, of the value of the economic health of its 13 service region, with more than 14 million people, 14 7 million workers, and generating 1.4 trillion in 15 GDP every year. 16 Moreover, maintaining the MTA system 17 contributes significantly to the upstate economy 18 given the number of suppliers and value-added 19 services that exist in Upstate New York to support 20 the MTA's capital plan. 21 As in prior years, the 2015-2019 capital plan 22 anticipated to be funded through a combination of 23 revenue-backed and direct capital support from 24 federal, state, and local partners, but the MTA 25 cannot rely exclusively on these revenue sources to 1 address the $15 billion gap that we've been 2 discussing. 3 With a full 17 percent of the MTA's operating 4 budget, some 2.2 billion a year already committed to 5 pay debt service on bonds issued for previous 6 capital programs, further borrowing would result in 7 [unintelligible] pressure on existing fares and 8 tolls. 9 New, stable, and dedicated revenue sources 10 must be found. 11 We strongly support a commitment of 1 billion 12 to maintain and improve the transit systems in 13 New York State. 14 Transit ridership is on the rise across the 15 state, and fleets and facilities, from Albany to 16 Buffalo, to Syracuse, need additional investment to 17 accommodate growing demand. 18 For these reasons, TSTC and ESTA support a 19 fully funded MTA capital program at a minimum of 20 32 billion, along with its additional billion for 21 upstate, and there are viable funding options that 22 exist to support these initiatives. 23 We urge you to identify new revenue sources 24 to fill any funding gaps. 25 Now, we have attached to our testimony a 1 two-page memo that outlines new revenue options. 2 And, another potential revenue source that's 3 not listed in this memo is the Uber-fare surcharge 4 that has been mentioned already today, a source that 5 could bring in $90 million in annual revenues. 6 Any new revenue sources should meet the 7 following criteria: 8 New revenue should be balanced among all 9 indirect and direct beneficiaries of the system, 10 given the affordance of the system to the region. 11 New revenues must not replace nor reduce 12 existing dedicated revenue sources, including the 13 payroll mobility tax, fuel taxes, and other 14 dedicated revenues. 15 New revenues must be adequate to underwrite 16 the 5-year capital program, and should not, whenever 17 possible, lose purchasing power over the course of 18 the program. 19 A mechanism should be created to ensure new 20 revenues are used exclusively to finance MTA capital 21 projects. 22 Road and bridge projects should be included 23 in revenue scenarios to ensure funding equity for 24 other regions' modes in the state. 25 Most, if not all, of the options listed in 1 this memo could be further leveraged by issuing 2 bonds. 3 Almost 1 billion in bonds can be issued for 4 every 62 million in new annual recurring revenues 5 raised. 6 And in answer to your question, 7 Senator Marcellino, yes, the City should raise their 8 contribution. 9 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Oh, you just took away 10 my question. 11 NADINE LEMMON: Sorry? 12 SENATOR MARCELLINO: You just took away my 13 question. 14 NADINE LEMMON: Thank you for the 15 opportunity. 16 There is one very good revenue option that 17 Alex will -- 18 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: And I'll mention at the 19 outset, that ESTA (the Empire State Transportation 20 Alliance) does also support the Move NY fair-tolling 21 plan. 22 So, thank you, Chairman Marcellino and 23 Senator Martins for hanging around. We appreciate 24 that very much. 25 I am going to just read from notes. I'm not 1 going to read a prepared statement, so, hopefully, 2 it will go a little quicker. 3 But I will just warn you, that there's quite 4 a lot of detail to this plan, so allow me a little 5 bit of time. 6 So, my name is Alex Matthiessen. I'm the 7 president of Blue Marble Project, which is a 8 environmental consulting firm. 9 And, I'm the director of the Move NY campaign 10 and coalition on whose behalf I'm testifying today. 11 Move NY is a campaign, it's a region-wide 12 campaign, that is dedicated to coming up with a new 13 dedicated, sustainable recurring revenue source for 14 the MTA region, and also for the city's roads and 15 bridges. 16 And we were founded in 2010 in response to 17 the growing transportation crisis that we've seen in 18 the form of reduced service, pothole-ridden roads 19 and deteriorating bridges, and a lack of sustainable 20 funding sources, going forward. 21 New York is facing a transportation crisis, 22 and I don't think that we can expect to try to 23 thrive and compete as a region, and as a state, with 24 a system that struggles to meet the standards that 25 other global cities have surpassed decades ago. 1 The $32 billion that Chairman Prendergast and 2 others have talked about, most experts agree that 3 that's at the low end of what's required to not only 4 maintain the system, but to bring it up to 5 twenty-first-century standards. 6 I think we all agree that there are other 7 cities around the world with whom we compete are way 8 ahead of us in terms of investing in their 9 transportation infrastructure. 10 So, Move NY has put forward a fair-tolling 11 plan that would fully fill the $15.2 billion funding 12 gap that the MTA is currently facing with their 13 2015-19 capital plan. 14 It would slash tolls in the outer parts of 15 the city. That's, essentially, the MTA's outer 16 bridges, which is the Verrazano, Throgs Neck, 17 White Stone, Tri-Borough, two Rockaway bridges, and 18 the Henry Hudson Bridge. 19 So those 7 bridges would not go down by a 20 token 25 cents or 50 cents. They would go down by 21 nearly 50 percent. 22 $5, round-trip, off the major bridges. 23 $2, round-trip, off of the Rockaway and the 24 Henry Hudson Bridge. 25 The significantly reduced traffic is another 1 benefit of this. 2 New York boasts, if you will, the 3 second-worst traffic congestion in the country, only 4 second to L.A., and we're constantly vying for that 5 top spot. 6 And it costs an estimated $16 billion a year 7 to the regional economy and job creation that would 8 come as a result of not having traffic. 9 And then, finally, the plan would provide 10 $375 million per year to put into our city's roads 11 and bridges, which would be the first time we would 12 actually have a dedicated fund for roads and bridges 13 in the city of New York. 14 So despite the fact that it is a tolling 15 plan, this Move NY plan has the support of groups 16 and -- quite a few groups around the region. 17 But particularly interesting, is it has the 18 support of the groups that represent the -- New 19 York's motorists and truckers best, which is the 20 New York State Motor Truck Association that has 21 endorsed the plan, and, AAA New York, which has also 22 provided support and has been working very closely 23 with us and supports the idea of the plan. 24 Labor unions, like TWU, 32BJ, ATU, and others 25 are signing on. 1 Business associations, like the New York 2 Building Congress; three out of five New York City 3 chambers of commerce, have officially endorsed the 4 plan, et cetera. 5 And then nearly all of the region's major 6 environmental and transit organizations. 7 So here's how it works: 8 It's, essentially, a toll swap. 9 And the idea -- as the chairman has pointed 10 out earlier during this hearing, the idea is to 11 create a more equitable and balanced tolling system. 12 Right now, as of March 22nd, we're going to 13 be tolling people, they're in the outer parts of the 14 city where there's not as much congestion. They 15 don't have a lot of good transit options. We're 16 going to be tolling them $16, round trip, cash 17 tolls, even though, again, they don't have a lot of 18 other alternatives. 19 In the meantime, there's 1.1 million trips a 20 day that go into the most congested part of the 21 city, and they go for free. 22 As Sam Schwartz [ph.] has pointed out, just 23 in the last 15 years alone, we have seen 7 toll and 24 fare increases, again, over that 15 years, and 25 there's only one group that's never had to 1 contribute anything to helping with those fares and 2 tolls; and that's the group that goes for free right 3 now. 4 So, essentially, you would be tolling the 5 East River bridges at the same rate that you 6 currently toll the Midtown Tunnel and the 7 Brooklyn Battery Tunnel, and, again, across 8 60th Street; and, therefore, you would harmonize, 9 essentially, the tolls entering and leaving the 10 central business district, which is important, 11 because then you eliminate bridge-shopping which 12 causes increased emissions, road wear-and-tear on 13 our old city bridges, fatalities, and then 14 accidents, caused by vehicular crashes, et cetera. 15 So you greatly reduce all of those kinds of 16 impacts. 17 I want to point out that the 60th Street's 18 green-line piece of this is particularly important, 19 and for a couple of reasons. 20 One, more than 50 percent of the traffic 21 coming into the central business district is 22 actually coming from the north. It's not coming 23 from Long Island. Only about 40 percent comes from 24 Long Island. 25 So, if you want to really tackle traffic, and 1 you also want to generate revenues and create a 2 truly fair tolling system, you've got to also toll 3 those drivers that are coming from the north, and 4 for reasons that I just mentioned. 5 So, the tolling system we're proposing is all 6 electronic. 7 So, it would be, like, the Henry Hudson 8 Bridge, where it's, basically, no toll gates, no 9 toll booths. You, basically, drive at speed through 10 and you're tolled. 11 85 percent of the drivers out there in the 12 New York region -- or, 80 or 85 percent are already 13 using EZ-Pass. 14 By the time this gets implemented in a couple 15 of years, smartphone technology would probably be 16 catching most of the remaining 15 percent. 17 For those who don't have either, you could 18 just have a snapshot of your license plate taken, 19 and you get a bill in the mail and you pay it. 20 That's already used at the Henry Hudson 21 Bridge and many other place around the country. 22 Fixed ratio: 23 This is a really important one to people who 24 live in the so-called "outer boroughs" and in the 25 suburbs, which is: How do we know the MTA won't 1 turn around and jack those tolls back up once 2 they're reduced, you know, a year or two later? 3 And in the legislation that we're proposing, 4 we would fix that new ratio of the lowered tolls in 5 the outer parts of the city and the new central 6 business district tolls, which is a .55 ratio. 7 That would be fixed forever, and that way, 8 you can't raise one without raising the other, and 9 that just puts downward pressure on excess increases 10 in tolls overall. 11 Taxi and car apps, this is a really important 12 piece. 13 One of the criticisms of the last plan that 14 was proposed by Mayor Bloomberg, is that it felt to 15 those people who lived in the suburbs and outer the 16 boroughs that they were shouldering the costs, they 17 weren't getting as many of the benefits, and 18 Manhattan was kind of getting off scot-free. 19 The way we addressed that, is that we add a 20 taxi and Uber and Lift surcharge, just within 21 Manhattan, 96th Street South, surcharge that, 22 basically, acts as a proxy for the traffic that they 23 contribute by using these for-hire vehicles. 24 That puts Manhattan in the number-one spot, 25 in terms of the 12 counties, who pays what, who pays 1 the most. And I think it appropriately puts 2 Manhattan in the number-one spot as a result. 3 We raise $1.5 billion a year in revenue, and 4 that comes from both the new tolling, the 5 fairer-tolling system, plus this taxi surcharge. 6 And that's even after you pay for all the 7 toll discounts in the outer parts of the city, and 8 you've paid for implementing this new tolling 9 system. 10 So, a net 1.5 billion a year. 11 Unlike the Bloomberg plan, or any plan that's 12 come before it, we say to drivers: Listen, you're 13 being asked to help shoulder some of the costs of 14 our regional transportation system, you need to get 15 something back. 16 So drivers get a quarter of these 1.5 billion 17 in revenue, which means better roads and bridges for 18 drivers, they get much lower tolls in the outer 19 parts of the city, and they're getting much faster 20 commutes into and around the central business 21 district. 22 The other three-quarters goes to the 23 mass transit system, as I said. 24 If you bond that, that will actually get to 25 exactly to your $15 billion that the MTA needs. 1 So, you can have money for mass transit and 2 roads and bridges. 3 Lockboxing is very important. 4 We do agree, I agree, with Nadine and others 5 who have said, this is only going to work and help 6 us modernize and maintain our transportation system 7 if we preserve the existing dedicated taxes that are 8 already out there. 9 But I think that there's inherent protections 10 in a tolling mechanism because the tolls are 11 collected directly by the MTA. It could be done by 12 the New York City DOT as well. 13 That's to be determined by you all. 14 But the advantage of that, of course, is it 15 doesn't have to go through an appropriation's 16 process. It can't be raided by the Legislature. 17 The money goes directly to where it's 18 invested. 19 And then, the bonding, we would have to 20 create some kind of subsidiary of the TBTA, which 21 allows to us get a very good credit rating on the 22 money that's bonded, and also just to control the 23 source of money and where it's allocated. 24 Investment priorities, we mainly, as I said, 25 would help support the MTA capital plan. 1 There are some other things that we would 2 want to see changed in that capital plan. 3 For the most part, we agree with the capital 4 plan and its investment priorities, but, we think 5 that a small amount of money would go a long way to 6 filling a lot of the transit gaps that still exist 7 in too many parts of the city. 8 So, we have a 5-point strategy for how to 9 improve transit access, and improve access by making 10 the fares more affordable. 11 One, is to restore more of the 2010 service 12 cuts that happened. 13 Two, is to expand express bus service, and, 14 to knock express buses down from the newly-enacted 15 6.50, which is what they're going to be in March -- 16 or later this month, down to $5, or 5.50, to give 17 some folks some relief there. 18 We can help fund Mayor de Blasio's BRT, SBS, 19 vision of 20 new buses, et cetera. 20 We can extend city tickets to seven days a 21 week, which basically offers discounted fares on 22 Metro-North, Long Island Railroad, within the city 23 bounds, which can help fill some of those transit 24 gaps. 25 And then, of course, the normal expansion 1 projects that have been talked about. 2 And then, in terms of suburban investments, 3 we want, and I have been trying very hard to talk to 4 various legislators and other interest groups on 5 Long Island and in the Hudson Valley to find out 6 what your transportation priorities are. 7 And I've gotten some good feedback, but 8 there's more discussion I think that needs to happen 9 in terms of concrete investments. 10 But, right now, we're talking about the kinds 11 of investments that Tom Prendergast and others 12 talked about to improve the service of the 13 Long Island Railroad, Metro-North, and improve 14 frequency of that service. 15 Rail-station access is an important piece of 16 that. And I think there are some select places 17 along Long Island and the Hudson Valley where we can 18 benefit from improved or expanded parking-garage 19 capacity at some of these stations. 20 And then other last-mile strategies, shuttle 21 buses and others, that will help commuters get to 22 Long Island Railroad, Metro-North, more easily; and, 23 therefore, take advantage of that terrific service. 24 And then, finally, county buses. 25 Suffolk, Nassau, Rockland, and Westchester 1 have these county bus systems, but I think almost to 2 a county, they're very underfunded. 3 We could use some of this revenue to help 4 subsidize those county bus systems, and improve 5 local bus and transportation access for people who 6 aren't necessarily making the trip into the CBD, but 7 need to get around Nassau and Suffolk and elsewhere 8 for jobs, et cetera. 9 I'll just kind of briefly mention the 10 alternatives, because I think it's worth talking 11 about. 12 You know, we could increase the gas tax, but, 13 we crunched the numbers, and in order to raise the 14 kind of money that Move NY raises, you'd have to 15 increase the gas tax, just in the 12-county 16 MTA region, by over 50 cents a gallon. 17 We think that's kind of a political 18 non-starter. It's hard to imagine how that happens. 19 Plus, it puts pressure on suburban drivers who 20 aren't necessarily creating the kind of congestion 21 problems that the folks in the city are creating. 22 Sales tax. We could increase the sales tax 23 around the 12-county region, but you'd have to do it 24 by three-quarters of a percentage point in order to 25 raise the $1.5 billion that we generate. 1 And, again, that's highly regressive, very 2 hard on poor people, working families, et cetera. 3 You could reinstate the commuter tax, but 4 something tells me the two of you aren't going to be 5 too excited about that. 6 Another idea is, you could more than double 7 the payroll mobility tax. That's what you'd need to 8 do in order to raise the money that we raise here. 9 I don't think that that's something that is 10 going to be popular in the Senate these days. 11 And then the only other thing you could do, 12 is you could underfund the system. 13 And I think we've heard earlier from various 14 folks why that is, I think, such a bad idea. That's 15 going to put us further behind in terms of being 16 able to compete with other cities. 17 And then the other piece, which I think is 18 the biggest threat, I think the biggest likelihood 19 that we face, is that the easy decision will be, 20 let's just kick the can down the road, and we'll 21 just kind of coddle some short-term, non-recurring 22 sources of funds together and we'll make do for the 23 next couple of years. And then, when it really hits 24 the fan and we really have to figure out what to do, 25 then we'll come back to the drawing board and figure 1 out how to do that. 2 I hope we don't do that, and I especially 3 hope we don't do that, if the answer ends up being 4 issuing more fare- and toll-backed debt. 5 And that is typically what happens, is that, 6 Oh, let's go to the riders and the current toll 7 payers and get them to pay even more than they're 8 already paying to help, basically, subsidize the 9 rest of the system. 10 Tom DiNapoli, the comptroller of 11 New York State, issued a report last fall that said, 12 if you fill that $15 billion MTA gap with fare- and 13 toll-backed debt, you're talking about 15 percent 14 increases in existing tolls and fares above and 15 beyond the 4 percent biennial increases that 16 Tom Prendergast talked about earlier. 17 So you're talking about, over the next 18 5 years a 24 percent increase in fares and tolls on 19 those who are already paying a whole lot. 20 We don't think that's fair or appropriate. 21 So, just to kind of summarize: 22 You know, one of the things we've heard, the 23 "$15 billion" number bandied about. 24 Chairman Marcellino, it's terrific that you 25 keep on asking the question: How are we going to 1 fund that $15 billion? 2 We're not, unfortunately, hearing a lot of 3 solutions, and, we feel like we've got a very good 4 solution. 5 We spent, literally, five years, going around 6 the region, talking particularly to opponents of the 7 Bloomberg plan and other plans like it, to really 8 get that feedback and make sure this plan 9 represents -- 10 SENATOR MARCELLINO: What's been the City's 11 response? 12 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Uhm, Mayor De Blasio, last 13 week, when we went public with our final version of 14 the plan, he said something to the effect of, We 15 think that the plan deserves to be looked at very 16 seriously. 17 Something like that. 18 You know, listen, he's not a decision-maker, 19 ultimately, in this, so we don't expect him to be 20 leading the charge, but our sense is that he's 21 certainly open to it, he's not opposed to it. And 22 I think he's interested to see how this will all -- 23 SENATOR MARCELLINO: In your reading of your 24 own plan, would the Legislature have an ongoing 25 role? 1 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: An ongoing role? 2 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Yeah. 3 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: In what respect? 4 SENATOR MARCELLINO: In the Move NY proposal? 5 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Well, I think the main 6 thing, is that we would hope that the Legislature 7 would pass the plan that we're proposing. 8 And then once it's passed, essentially, what 9 we're proposing, is that the Legislature authorize 10 the MTA and/or New York City DOT to impose tolls on 11 the East River bridges, and to, essentially, manage 12 a more balanced tolling system, and that they 13 mandate a few features, like the fixed ratio, so you 14 can't increase one toll without another. 15 SENATOR MARCELLINO: The way we read it, the 16 Move NY proposal would remove the Legislature's 17 ability to appropriate -- I'm reading this -- "to 18 appropriate the annual revenues from the new tolls 19 and congestion pricing. 20 "Although it's approval is necessary under 21 the Move NY plan, the Legislature is removed from 22 the annual appropriation process." 23 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: I don't think it's -- and 24 forgive me, Chairman, because I'm not an expert on 25 this. I'm more of an organizer type, so I'm not an 1 expert in terms of all of the nuances of MTA funding 2 and financing. 3 But my understanding is, is all we're saying 4 there, is that this is money that would be raised 5 through a tolling system. And like the MTA's other 6 tolls that they collect revenue on, the money goes 7 directly to the MTA, and they can bond on it -- 8 SENATOR MARCELLINO: No, it's an extension. 9 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: -- et cetera. 10 So it's not removing an authority -- 11 SENATOR MARCELLINO: No, that's by statute. 12 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: What's that? 13 SENATOR MARCELLINO: That's done by statute. 14 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Right. So -- 15 SENATOR MARCELLINO: You're taking that out 16 of it. You're taking our ability to appropriate, 17 out. 18 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Okay, well, then, maybe -- 19 it's possible that I'm misunderstanding that, but 20 I don't think so, because we've been -- I've been 21 talking to lawyers and all the people who really are 22 expert in this. 23 My understanding is, we're just doing 24 exactly -- we're just simply saying, that like the 25 revenues collected on current MTA bridges and 1 tunnels, this revenue also would go directly to the 2 MTA, it could be bonded by the MTA, et cetera. 3 So we're not looking to remove anything. 4 If could I just finish -- 5 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Very briefly, because 6 we've got to get out of here. 7 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Okay. 8 We've gotten terrific editorial endorsements 9 from "Cranes Business," "Fox 5 News," "Newsday," 10 "New York Post," "Daily News," et cetera. 11 We did polling on this by global-strategy 12 group. They showed a 2-to-1 in favor, support for 13 this, including in the suburbs. 14 Long Island and the Hudson Valley support 15 this plan, again, according to the poll, 57 percent, 16 even after hearing criticisms of this kind of idea. 17 So we think it's an idea that its time has 18 come. 19 We expect that the idea would be to marry 20 this Move NY plan with some other resources, so that 21 we can fund a statewide transit and road and bridge 22 program. 23 Thank you very much. 24 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Jack? 25 SENATOR MARTINS: Mr. Matthiessen, you spoke 1 to a million-plus cars going into that central area 2 in Manhattan. I guess below 60th, right, or below 3 96th? 4 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Yes, the tolling piece of 5 this is 60th, south, to the financial -- 6 SENATOR MARTINS: 1.1 million cars, I think 7 you said? 8 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Yes. 9 SENATOR MARTINS: And can you identify where 10 those cars are coming from? 11 You said a percentage comes from Long Island, 12 another percentage comes from the north. 13 How many of those come in through, tunnel, 14 the tolled bridges? 15 How many are coming through from non-tolled 16 areas? And of those, how many of those are coming 17 from the north, and how many of them are coming from 18 the east, or from other places? 19 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: I can give you very 20 specific numbers on those. I'll have to get back to 21 you on the specific numbers. 22 But, I can characterize, generally. 23 SENATOR MARTINS: Get back to the Committee 24 so we can circulate to it everybody. 25 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Okay, I'll do that. 1 So I'll do that through Debbie, if that's 2 okay? 3 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Yes. 4 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: So -- but roughly 5 speaking, of all the cars that are going into the 6 central business district on a daily basis: 7 About 50 percent, or a little bit more than 8 50 percent, come from the north; so that means 9 Connecticut, Hudson Valley, northern New Jersey, the 10 Bronx, et cetera. 11 About 40 percent come from Long Island; so 12 that means Suffolk, Nassau, Queens, and Brooklyn. 13 And then about 10 percent come from New 14 Jersey. 15 SENATOR MARTINS: Of the ones that are not 16 being currently tolled, or just generally? 17 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: No, just total. 18 SENATOR MARTINS: And of those, how many of 19 those are not being tolled right now? 20 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: The 1.1 I believe is the 21 number that's not being tolled. 22 Yes, so -- 23 SENATOR MARTINS: And of those that are not 24 being tolled, what are the percentages and where are 25 those cars coming from? 1 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: I -- to be absolutely 2 accurate, let me get back to you with those numbers. 3 But -- 4 SENATOR MARTINS: Because it may not 5 necessarily follow that same percentage, I'd like to 6 see that. 7 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: That's why I want to 8 confirm before I just apply the same 50, 10, and 9 40 percent. 10 SENATOR MARTINS: And under the plan, as it's 11 being proposed, is there an opportunity, or is there 12 a guarantee, that a car coming into that area will 13 not be tolled twice? 14 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Well, the way we designed 15 it, is that we're assuming, and I think probably 16 rightly, that most of the cars that are coming -- 17 the passenger vehicles that are coming into the 18 central business district are coming because, 19 either, that's their destination, or they're just 20 simply taking advantage of free bridges and they're 21 passing through to New Jersey or to go somewhere 22 else other than Manhattan. 23 So for those that are just passing through, 24 we're not -- we're trying to discourage that kind of 25 passing-through traffic, and trying to get them to 1 take the most direct route because they don't have 2 to bridge-shop anymore. They can -- they'll find, 3 you know, the most direct route will also be about 4 the same price as everywhere else. 5 In terms of those who have a destination 6 there, we're figuring that they're going in, they're 7 doing their thing, and they're leaving; so, yes, 8 they will only pay once -- once in, once out -- just 9 like they would on the Queens Midtown Tunnel. 10 SENATOR MARTINS: And if they come back in? 11 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: And if they came back in 12 again, then, yes, in theory, they would pay a second 13 time, but we don't think the vast majority of 14 passenger vehicles do that. 15 However, we don't want to do anything to 16 discourage business activity, and that's why, for 17 commercial vehicles, they do only pay once in and 18 once out, even if they're making multiple trips back 19 and forth into the central business district all 20 day. 21 If you're a dry-cleaning business, if you're 22 a carpenter and doing service calls, you may cross 23 60th Street a few tames in a day, or you may go 24 over to Queens and then come back, you only pay once 25 per day. 1 SENATOR MARTINS: Or if you're visiting a 2 couple of offices during a trip into the city, and 3 you happen to see somebody uptown, and then somebody 4 downtown, and go back uptown again, there's a 5 possibility that -- so just something to think 6 about. 7 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Yeah, okay. 8 Thank you. 9 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Yeah, that was always 10 the biggest problem for those of us who have 11 businesses on Long Island that sell to people in the 12 city with other businesses, going back and forth, or 13 maybe making more than one trip a day to deliver 14 produce or products. 15 So it was a concern, and still is a concern. 16 Thank you very much for your time and your 17 input. 18 We look forward to those numbers that you 19 submit to the Committee, because your proposal's 20 very interesting. 21 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Thank you. 22 SENATOR MARCELLINO: It was interesting, and 23 worthy of -- as I commented to our first Panel, I'm 24 getting a little tired of constantly hearing, Oh, 25 we're going to look at that. Oh, we are going look 1 at that. 2 It's a great answer, but nothing ever happens 3 when they look at that. 4 So we want to see more looking and coming to 5 a decision. 6 ALEX MATTHIESSEN: Well, we appreciate that 7 very much. 8 And I would just say that we feel confident 9 that if we could just simply have a public debate 10 about this and people really understand what the 11 plan is, and understand it's really not the 12 Bloomberg plan, and how much there is in it, not 13 just for transit riders, but for drivers; not just 14 for city residents, but suburban residents, we 15 think, actually, there will be a lot of support for 16 this thing, and it will reflect the polling that 17 we've done. 18 SENATOR MARCELLINO: Thank you very much. 19 NADINE LEMMON: Thank you. 20 SENATOR MARCELLINO: The hearing before the 21 Committee is adjourned. 22 (Whereupon, at approximately 1:38 p.m., 23 the public hearing held before the two Senate 24 Standing Committees concluded, and adjourned.) 25 ---oOo---

Public Hearing: Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) Budget and Finances to Examine the Changes Necessary to Prevent Annual Operating Deficits, Stop the Continuing Cycle of Increased Fares and Decreased Services, and Discuss Funding Options for the Capital Plan

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