Expand Judicial Diversion Access

Section 1. The opening paragraph of subdivision 1 and subdivision 2 of section 216.00 of the criminal procedure law, the opening paragraph of subdivision 1 as amended by chapter 90 of the laws of 2014 and subdivision 2 as added by section 4 of part AAA of chapter 56 of the laws of 2009, are amended to read as follows:

"Eligible defendant" means any person who stands charged in an indictment or a superior court information with a class B, C, D or E felony offense defined in article one hundred seventy-nine, two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one of the penal law, an offense defined in sections 105.10 and 105.13 of the penal law provided that the underlying crime for the conspiracy charge is a class B, C, D or E felony offense defined in article one hundred seventy-nine, two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one of the penal law, auto stripping in the second degree as defined in section 165.10 of the penal law, auto stripping in the first degree as defined in section 165.11 of the penal law, identity theft in the second degree as defined in section 190.79 of the penal law, identity theft in the first degree as defined in section 190.80 of the penal law, or any other specified offense as defined in subdivision [four] five of section 410.91 of this chapter, provided, however, a defendant is not an "eligible defendant" if he or she:

EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets

[ ] is old law to be omitted.

LBD04508-04-0

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2. "Alcohol and substance [abuse] use evaluation" means a written assessment and report by a court-approved entity or licensed health care professional experienced in the treatment of alcohol and substance [abuse] use disorder, or by an addiction and substance abuse counselor credentialed by the office of [alcoholism and substance abuse services] addiction services and supports pursuant to section 19.07 of the mental hygiene law, which shall include:

(a) an evaluation as to whether the defendant has a history of alcohol or substance [abuse or alcohol or substance dependence] use disorder, as such terms are defined in the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, [fourth] fifth edition, and a co-occurring mental disorder or mental illness and the relationship between such [abuse or dependence] use and mental disorder or mental illness, if any;

(b) a recommendation as to whether the defendant's alcohol or substance [abuse or dependence] use, if any, could be effectively addressed by judicial diversion in accordance with this article;

(c) a recommendation as to the treatment modality, level of care and length of any proposed treatment to effectively address the defendant's alcohol or substance [abuse or dependence] use and any co-occurring mental disorder or illness; and

(d) any other information, factor, circumstance, or recommendation deemed relevant by the assessing entity or specifically requested by the court.

§ 2. The opening paragraph of subdivision 1 of section 216.00 of the criminal procedure law, as added by section 4 of part AAA of chapter 56 of the laws of 2009, is amended to read as follows:

"Eligible defendant" means any person who stands charged in an indictment or a superior court information with a class B, C, D or E felony offense defined in article two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one of the penal law, an offense defined in sections 105.10 and 105.13 of the penal law provided that the underlying crime for the conspiracy charge is a class B, C, D or E felony offense defined in article two hundred twenty or two hundred twenty-one of the penal law, auto stripping in the second degree as defined in section 165.10 of the penal law, auto stripping in the first degree as defined in section 165.11 of the penal law, identity theft in the second degree as defined in section 190.79 of the penal law, identity theft in the first degree as defined in section 190.80 of the penal law, or any other specified offense as defined in subdivision [four] five of section 410.91 of this chapter, provided, however, a defendant is not an "eligible defendant" if he or she:

§ 3. Section 216.05 of the criminal procedure law, as added by section 4 of part AAA of chapter 56 of the laws of 2009, subdivision 5 as amended by chapter 67 of the laws of 2016, subdivision 8 as amended by chapter 315 of the laws of 2016, and paragraph (a) of subdivision 9 as amended by section 21 of part JJJ of chapter 59 of the laws of 2019, is amended to read as follows: § 216.05 Judicial diversion program; court procedures.

1. At any time after the arraignment of an eligible defendant, but prior to the entry of a plea of guilty or the commencement of trial, the court at the request of the eligible defendant, may order an alcohol and substance [abuse] use evaluation. An eligible defendant may decline to participate in such an evaluation at any time. The defendant shall provide a written authorization, in compliance with the requirements of any applicable state or federal laws, rules or regulations authorizing disclosure of the results of the assessment to the defendant's attorney,

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the prosecutor, the local probation department, the court, authorized court personnel and other individuals specified in such authorization for the sole purpose of determining whether the defendant should be offered judicial diversion for treatment for substance [abuse or dependence] use, alcohol [abuse or dependence] use and any co-occurring mental disorder or mental illness.

2. Upon receipt of the completed alcohol and substance [abuse] use evaluation report, the court shall provide a copy of the report to the eligible defendant and the prosecutor.

3. (a) Upon receipt of the evaluation report either party may request a hearing on the issue of whether the eligible defendant should be offered alcohol or substance [abuse] use treatment pursuant to this article. At such a proceeding, which shall be held as soon as practicable so as to facilitate early intervention in the event that the defendant is found to need alcohol or substance [abuse] use treatment, the court may consider oral and written arguments, may take testimony from witnesses offered by either party, and may consider any relevant evidence including, but not limited to, evidence that:

(i) the defendant had within the preceding ten years (excluding any time during which the offender was incarcerated for any reason between the time of the acts that led to the youthful offender adjudication and the time of commission of the present offense) been adjudicated a youthful offender for: (A) a violent felony offense as defined in section 70.02 of the penal law; or (B) any offense for which a merit time allowance is not available pursuant to subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (d) of subdivision one of section eight hundred three of the correction law; and

(ii) in the case of a felony offense defined in subdivision [four] five of section 410.91 of this chapter, or section 165.10, 165.11, 190.79 or 190.80 of the penal law, any statement of or submitted by the victim, as defined in paragraph (a) of subdivision two of section 380.50 of this chapter.

(b) Upon completion of such a proceeding, the court shall consider and make findings of fact with respect to whether:

(i) the defendant is an eligible defendant as defined in subdivision one of section 216.00 of this article;

(ii) the defendant has a history of alcohol or substance [abuse or dependence] use;

(iii) such alcohol or substance [abuse or dependence] use is a contributing factor to the defendant's criminal behavior;

(iv) the defendant's participation in judicial diversion could effectively address such [abuse or dependence] use; and

(v) institutional confinement of the defendant is or may not be necessary for the protection of the public.

4. When an authorized court determines, pursuant to paragraph (b) of subdivision three of this section, that an eligible defendant should be offered alcohol or substance [abuse] use treatment, or when the parties and the court agree to an eligible defendant's participation in alcohol or substance [abuse] use treatment, an eligible defendant may be allowed to participate in the judicial diversion program offered by this article. Prior to the court's issuing an order granting judicial diversion, the eligible defendant shall be required to enter a plea of guilty to the charge or charges; provided, however, that no such guilty plea shall be required when:

(a) the people and the court consent to the entry of such an order without a plea of guilty; or

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(b) based on a finding of exceptional circumstances, the court determines that a plea of guilty shall not be required. For purposes of this subdivision, exceptional circumstances exist when, regardless of the ultimate disposition of the case, the entry of a plea of guilty is likely to result in severe collateral consequences.

5. The defendant shall agree on the record or in writing to abide by the release conditions set by the court, which, shall include: participation in a specified period of alcohol or substance [abuse] use treatment at a specified program or programs identified by the court, which may include periods of detoxification, residential or outpatient treatment, or both, as determined after taking into account the views of the health care professional who conducted the alcohol and substance [abuse] use evaluation and any health care professionals responsible for providing such treatment or monitoring the defendant's progress in such treatment; and may include: (i) periodic court appearances, which may include periodic urinalysis; (ii) a requirement that the defendant refrain from engaging in criminal behaviors; (iii) if the defendant needs treatment for opioid [abuse or dependence] use, that he or she may participate in and receive medically prescribed drug treatments under the care of a health care professional licensed or certified under title eight of the education law, acting within his or her lawful scope of practice, provided that no court shall require the use of any specified type or brand of drug during the course of medically prescribed drug treatments.

6. Upon an eligible defendant's agreement to abide by the conditions set by the court, the court shall issue a securing order providing for bail or release on the defendant's own recognizance and conditioning any release upon the agreed upon conditions. The period of alcohol or substance [abuse] use treatment shall begin as specified by the court and as soon as practicable after the defendant's release, taking into account the availability of treatment, so as to facilitate early intervention with respect to the defendant's [abuse] substance use or condition and the effectiveness of the treatment program. In the event that a treatment program is not immediately available or becomes unavailable during the course of the defendant's participation in the judicial diversion program, the court may release the defendant pursuant to the securing order.

7. When participating in judicial diversion treatment pursuant to this article, any resident of this state who is covered under a private health insurance policy or contract issued for delivery in this state pursuant to article thirty-two, forty-three or forty-seven of the insurance law or article forty-four of the public health law, or who is covered by a self-funded plan which provides coverage for the diagnosis and treatment of chemical abuse and chemical dependence however defined in such policy; shall first seek reimbursement for such treatment in accordance with the provisions of such policy or contract.

8. During the period of a defendant's participation in the judicial diversion program, the court shall retain jurisdiction of the defendant, provided, however, that the court may allow such defendant to (i) reside in another jurisdiction, or (ii) participate in alcohol and substance [abuse] use treatment and other programs in the jurisdiction where the defendant resides or in any other jurisdiction, while participating in a judicial diversion program under conditions set by the court and agreed to by the defendant pursuant to subdivisions five and six of this section. The court may require the defendant to appear in court at any time to enable the court to monitor the defendant's progress in alcohol or substance [abuse] use treatment. The court shall provide notice,

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reasonable under the circumstances, to the people, the treatment provider, the defendant and the defendant's counsel whenever it orders or otherwise requires the appearance of the defendant in court. Failure to appear as required without reasonable cause therefor shall constitute a violation of the conditions of the court's agreement with the defendant.