STATE OF NEW YORK ________________________________________________________________________ 6604 2021-2022 Regular Sessions IN ASSEMBLY March 19, 2021 ___________ Introduced by M. of A. GALEF -- read once and referred to the Committee on Education AN ACT to amend the education law, in relation to the financing of char- ter schools The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assem- bly, do enact as follows: 1 Section 1. Section 2856 of the education law, as added by chapter 4 of 2 the laws of 1998, subdivision 1 as amended by section 4 of part YYY of 3 chapter 59 of the laws of 2017, subparagraph (viii) of paragraph (a) as 4 amended and subparagraphs (ix) and (x) of paragraph (a) as added by 5 section 26-a of part A of chapter 56 of the laws of 2020, is amended to 6 read as follows: 7 § 2856. Financing of charter schools. 1. (a) The enrollment of 8 students attending charter schools shall not be included in the enroll- 9 ment, attendance, membership and, if applicable, count of students with 10 disabilities of the school district in which the pupil resides. The 11 charter school shall report all such data to the [~~school districts of~~ 12 ~~residence~~] department in a timely manner. [~~Each school district shall~~ 13 ~~report such enrollment, attendance and count of students with disabili-~~ 14 ~~ties to the department.~~] The [~~school district of residence~~] department 15 shall pay directly to the charter school for each student enrolled in 16 the charter school [~~who resides in the school district~~] the charter 17 school basic tuition, which shall be: 18 (i) for school years prior to the two thousand nine--two thousand ten 19 school year, an amount equal to one hundred percent of the amount calcu- 20 lated pursuant to paragraph f of subdivision one of section thirty-six 21 hundred two of this chapter for the student's school district of resi- 22 dence for the year prior to the base year increased by the percentage 23 change in the state total approved operating expense calculated pursuant 24 to paragraph t of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of 25 this chapter from two years prior to the base year to the base year; EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets [ ] is old law to be omitted. LBD10501-01-1

A. 6604 2 1 (ii) for the two thousand nine--two thousand ten school year, the 2 charter school basic tuition shall be the amount payable by such 3 district as charter school basic tuition for the two thousand eight--two 4 thousand nine school year; 5 (iii) for the two thousand ten--two thousand eleven through two thou- 6 sand thirteen--two thousand fourteen school years, the charter school 7 basic tuition shall be the basic tuition computed for the two thousand 8 ten--two thousand eleven school year pursuant to the provisions of 9 subparagraph (i) of this paragraph; 10 (iv) for the two thousand fourteen--two thousand fifteen, two thousand 11 fifteen--two thousand sixteen and two thousand sixteen--two thousand 12 seventeen school years, the charter school basic tuition shall be the 13 sum of the lesser of the charter school basic tuition computed for the 14 two thousand ten--two thousand eleven school year pursuant to the 15 provisions of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph or the charter school 16 basic tuition computed for the current year pursuant to the provisions 17 of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph plus the supplemental basic 18 tuition; 19 (v) for the two thousand seventeen--two thousand eighteen school year, 20 the charter school basic tuition shall be the sum of (A) the charter 21 school basic tuition for the two thousand sixteen--two thousand seven- 22 teen school year plus (B) five hundred dollars; 23 (vi) for the two thousand eighteen--two thousand nineteen school year, 24 the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product 25 of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year 26 multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in 27 the period commencing with the year five years prior to the base year 28 and finishing with the year prior to the base year of the total approved 29 operating expense for such school district calculated pursuant to para- 30 graph t of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this 31 chapter for each such year divided by the total approved operating 32 expense for such district for the immediately preceding year, provided 33 that the highest and lowest annual quotients shall be excluded from the 34 calculation of such average or (B) the quotient of the total general 35 fund expenditures for the school district calculated pursuant to an 36 electronic data file created for the purpose of compliance with para- 37 graph b of subdivision twenty-one of section three hundred five of this 38 chapter published annually on May fifteenth for the year prior to the 39 base year divided by the total estimated public enrollment for the 40 school district pursuant to paragraph n of subdivision one of section 41 thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for the year prior to the base 42 year. 43 (vii) for the two thousand nineteen--two thousand twenty school year 44 the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product 45 of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year 46 multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in 47 the period commencing with the year three years prior to the base year 48 and finishing with the year prior to the base year of the total approved 49 operating expense for such school district calculated pursuant to para- 50 graph t of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this 51 chapter for each such year divided by the total approved operating 52 expense for such district for the immediately preceding year provided 53 that the highest annual quotient calculated pursuant to this subpara- 54 graph shall be replaced by the average quotient calculated pursuant to 55 subparagraph (vi) of this paragraph or (B) the quotient of the total 56 general fund expenditures for the school district calculated pursuant to

A. 6604 3 1 an electronic data file created for the purpose of compliance with para- 2 graph b of subdivision twenty-one of section three hundred five of this 3 chapter published annually on May fifteenth for the year prior to the 4 base year divided by the total estimated public enrollment for the 5 school district pursuant to paragraph n of subdivision one of section 6 thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for the year prior to the base 7 year. 8 (viii) for the two thousand twenty--two thousand twenty-one and two 9 thousand twenty-one--two thousand twenty-two school years, the charter 10 school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product of (i) the 11 charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year multiplied by 12 (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in the period 13 commencing with the year three years prior to the base year and finish- 14 ing with the year prior to the base year of the total approved operating 15 expense for such school district calculated pursuant to paragraph t of 16 subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for 17 each such year divided by the total approved operating expense for such 18 district for the immediately preceding year multiplied by, for the two 19 thousand twenty--two thousand twenty-one school year only, (iii) nine 20 hundred forty-five one-thousandths (0.945) or (B) the quotient of the 21 total general fund expenditures for the school district calculated 22 pursuant to an electronic data file created for the purpose of compli- 23 ance with paragraph b of subdivision twenty-one of section three hundred 24 five of this chapter published annually on May fifteenth for the year 25 prior to the base year divided by the total estimated public enrollment 26 for the school district pursuant to paragraph n of subdivision one of 27 section thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for the year prior to the 28 base year. 29 (ix) for the two thousand twenty-two--two thousand twenty-three 30 through two thousand twenty-four--two thousand twenty-five school years 31 the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product 32 of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year 33 multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in 34 the period commencing with the year four years prior to the base year 35 and finishing with the year prior to the base year, excluding the two 36 thousand twenty--two thousand twenty-one school year, of the total 37 approved operating expense for such school district calculated pursuant 38 to paragraph t of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of 39 this chapter for each such year divided by the total approved operating 40 expense for such district for the immediately preceding year or (B) the 41 quotient of the total general fund expenditures for the school district 42 calculated pursuant to an electronic data file created for the purpose 43 of compliance with paragraph b of subdivision twenty-one of section 44 three hundred five of this chapter published annually on May fifteenth 45 for the year prior to the base year divided by the total estimated 46 public enrollment for the school district pursuant to paragraph n of 47 subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for 48 the year prior to the base year. 49 (x) for the two thousand twenty-five--two thousand twenty-six school 50 year and thereafter the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser 51 of (A) the product of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated 52 for the base year multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for 53 each school year in the period commencing with the year three years 54 prior to the base year and finishing with the year prior to the base 55 year of the total approved operating expense for such school district 56 calculated pursuant to paragraph t of subdivision one of section thir-

A. 6604 4 1 ty-six hundred two of this chapter for each such year divided by the 2 total approved operating expense for such district for the immediately 3 preceding year or (B) the quotient of the total general fund expendi- 4 tures for the school district calculated pursuant to an electronic data 5 file created for the purpose of compliance with paragraph b of subdivi- 6 sion twenty-one of section three hundred five of this chapter published 7 annually on May fifteenth for the year prior to the base year divided by 8 the total estimated public enrollment for the school district pursuant 9 to paragraph n of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of 10 this chapter for the year prior to the base year. 11 For the purposes of this subdivision, the "supplemental basic tuition" 12 shall be (A) for a school district for which the charter school basic 13 tuition computed for the current year is greater than or equal to the 14 charter school basic tuition for the two thousand ten--two thousand 15 eleven school year pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (i) of 16 this paragraph, (1) for the two thousand fourteen--two thousand fifteen 17 school year two hundred and fifty dollars, and (2) for the two thousand 18 fifteen--two thousand sixteen school year three hundred and fifty 19 dollars, and (3) for the two thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen 20 school year five hundred dollars, and (4) for the two thousand seven- 21 teen--two thousand eighteen school year and thereafter, the sum of (i) 22 the supplemental basic tuition calculated for the two thousand sixteen- 23 -two thousand seventeen school year plus (ii) five hundred dollars, and 24 (B) for school years prior to the two thousand seventeen--two thousand 25 eighteen school year, for a school district for which the charter school 26 basic tuition for the two thousand ten--two thousand eleven school year 27 is greater than the charter school basic tuition for the current year 28 pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the 29 positive difference of the charter school basic tuition for the two 30 thousand ten--two thousand eleven school year minus the charter school 31 basic tuition for the current year pursuant to the provisions of subpar- 32 agraph (i) of this paragraph and (C) for school years following the two 33 thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen school years, for a school 34 district for which the charter school basic tuition for the two thousand 35 ten--two thousand eleven school year is greater than the charter school 36 basic tuition for the current year pursuant to the provisions of subpar- 37 agraph (i) of this paragraph, the sum of (i) the supplemental basic 38 tuition calculated for the two thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen 39 school year plus (ii) five hundred dollars. 40 (b) The [~~school district~~] department shall also pay directly to the 41 charter school any federal or state aid attributable to a student with a 42 disability attending the charter school in proportion to the level of 43 services for such student with a disability that the charter school 44 provides directly or indirectly. Notwithstanding anything in this 45 section to the contrary, amounts payable pursuant to this subdivision 46 from state or local funds may be reduced pursuant to an agreement 47 between the department, the charter school and the charter entity set 48 forth in the charter. Payments made pursuant to this subdivision shall 49 be made by the [~~school district~~] department in six substantially equal 50 installments each year beginning on the first business day of July and 51 every two months thereafter. Amounts payable under this subdivision 52 shall be determined by the commissioner. Amounts payable to a charter 53 school in its first year of operation shall be based on the projections 54 of initial-year enrollment set forth in the charter until actual enroll- 55 ment data is reported to the school district by the charter school. Such 56 projections shall be reconciled with the actual enrollment as actual

A. 6604 5 1 enrollment data is so reported and at the end of the school's first year 2 of operation and each subsequent year based on a final report of actual 3 enrollment by the charter school, and any necessary adjustments result- 4 ing from such final report shall be made to payments during the school's 5 following year of operation. 6 (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subdivision to the 7 contrary, payment of the federal aid attributable to a student with a 8 disability attending a charter school shall be made in accordance with 9 the requirements of section 8065-a of title twenty of the United States 10 code and sections 76.785-76.799 and 300.209 of title thirty-four of the 11 code of federal regulations. 12 (d) School districts shall be eligible for an annual apportionment 13 equal to the amount of the supplemental basic tuition for the charter 14 school in the base year for the expenses incurred in the two thousand 15 fourteen--two thousand fifteen, two thousand fifteen--two thousand 16 sixteen, two thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen school years and 17 thereafter. 18 2. [~~In the event of the failure of the school district to make~~ 19 ~~payments required by this section, the state comptroller shall deduct~~ 20 ~~from any state funds which become due to such school district an amount~~ 21 ~~equal to the unpaid obligation. The comptroller shall pay over such sum~~ 22 ~~to the charter school upon certification of the commissioner. The~~ 23 ~~commissioner shall promulgate regulations to implement the provisions of~~ 24 ~~this subdivision.~~ 25 3.] Nothing in this article shall be construed to prohibit any person 26 or organization from providing funding or other assistance to the estab- 27 lishment or operation of a charter school. The board of trustees of a 28 charter school is authorized to accept gifts, donations or grants of any 29 kind made to the charter school and to expend or use such gifts, 30 donations or grants in accordance with the conditions prescribed by the 31 donor; provided, however, that no gift, donation or grant may be 32 accepted if subject to a condition that is contrary to any provision of 33 law or term of the charter. 34 § 2. Subdivision 1 of section 2856 of the education law, as amended by 35 section 4-a of part YYY of chapter 59 of the laws of 2017, subparagraph 36 (viii) of paragraph (a) as amended and subparagraphs (ix) and (x) of 37 paragraph (a) as added by section 26-b of part A of chapter 56 of the 38 laws of 2020, is amended to read as follows: 39 1. (a) The enrollment of students attending charter schools shall not 40 be included in the enrollment, attendance and, if applicable, count of 41 students with disabilities of the school district in which the pupil 42 resides. The charter school shall report all such data to the [~~school~~ 43 ~~districts of residence~~] department in a timely manner. [~~Each school~~ 44 ~~district shall report such enrollment, attendance and count of students~~ 45 ~~with disabilities to the department.~~] The [~~school district of residence~~] 46 department shall pay directly to the charter school for each student 47 enrolled in the charter school [~~who resides in the school district~~] the 48 charter school basic tuition which shall be: 49 (i) for school years prior to the two thousand nine--two thousand ten 50 school year, an amount equal to one hundred percent of the amount calcu- 51 lated pursuant to paragraph f of subdivision one of section thirty-six 52 hundred two of this chapter for the school district for the year prior 53 to the base year increased by the percentage change in the state total 54 approved operating expense calculated pursuant to paragraph t of subdi- 55 vision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this chapter from two 56 years prior to the base year to the base year;

A. 6604 6 1 (ii) for the two thousand nine--two thousand ten school year, the 2 charter school basic tuition shall be the amount payable by such 3 district as charter school basic tuition for the two thousand eight--two 4 thousand nine school year; 5 (iii) for the two thousand ten--two thousand eleven through two thou- 6 sand thirteen--two thousand fourteen school years, the charter school 7 basic tuition shall be the basic tuition computed for the two thousand 8 ten--two thousand eleven school year pursuant to the provisions of 9 subparagraph (i) of this paragraph; 10 (iv) for the two thousand fourteen--two thousand fifteen, two thousand 11 fifteen--two thousand sixteen and two thousand sixteen--two thousand 12 seventeen school years, the charter school basic tuition shall be the 13 sum of the lesser of the charter school basic tuition computed for the 14 two thousand ten--two thousand eleven school year pursuant to the 15 provisions of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph or the charter school 16 basic tuition computed for the current year pursuant to the provisions 17 of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph plus the supplemental basic 18 tuition; 19 (v) for the two thousand seventeen--two thousand eighteen school year, 20 the charter school basic tuition shall be the sum of (A) the charter 21 school basic tuition for the two thousand sixteen--two thousand seven- 22 teen school year plus (B) five hundred dollars; 23 (vi) for the two thousand eighteen--two thousand nineteen school year, 24 the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product 25 of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year 26 multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in 27 the period commencing with the year five years prior to the base year 28 and finishing with the year prior to the base year of the total approved 29 operating expense for such school district calculated pursuant to para- 30 graph t of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this 31 chapter for each such year divided by the total approved operating 32 expense for such district for the immediately preceding year, provided 33 that the highest and lowest annual quotients shall be excluded from the 34 calculation of such average or (B) the quotient of the total general 35 fund expenditures for the school district calculated pursuant to an 36 electronic data file created for the purpose of compliance with para- 37 graph b of subdivision twenty-one of section three hundred five of this 38 chapter published annually on May fifteenth for the year prior to the 39 base year divided by the total estimated public enrollment for the 40 school district pursuant to paragraph n of subdivision one of section 41 thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for the year prior to the base 42 year. 43 (vii) for the two thousand nineteen--two thousand twenty school year 44 the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product 45 of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year 46 multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in 47 the period commencing with the year three years prior to the base year 48 and finishing with the year prior to the base year of the total approved 49 operating expense for such school district calculated pursuant to para- 50 graph t of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this 51 chapter for each such year divided by the total approved operating 52 expense for such district for the immediately preceding year provided 53 that the highest annual quotient calculated pursuant to this subpara- 54 graph shall be replaced by the average quotient calculated pursuant to 55 subparagraph (vi) of this paragraph or (B) the quotient of the total 56 general fund expenditures for the school district calculated pursuant to

A. 6604 7 1 an electronic data file created for the purpose of compliance with para- 2 graph b of subdivision twenty-one of section three hundred five of this 3 chapter published annually on May fifteenth for the year prior to the 4 base year divided by the total estimated public enrollment for the 5 school district pursuant to paragraph n of subdivision one of section 6 thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for the year prior to the base 7 year. 8 (viii) for the two thousand twenty--two thousand twenty-one and two 9 thousand twenty-one--two thousand twenty-two school years, the charter 10 school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product of (i) the 11 charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year multiplied by 12 (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in the period 13 commencing with the year three years prior to the base year and finish- 14 ing with the year prior to the base year of the total approved operating 15 expense for such school district calculated pursuant to paragraph t of 16 subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for 17 each such year divided by the total approved operating expense for such 18 district for the immediately preceding year multiplied by, for the two 19 thousand twenty--two thousand twenty-one school year only, (iii) nine 20 hundred forty-five one-thousandths (0.945) or (B) the quotient of the 21 total general fund expenditures for the school district calculated 22 pursuant to an electronic data file created for the purpose of compli- 23 ance with paragraph b of subdivision twenty-one of section three hundred 24 five of this chapter published annually on May fifteenth for the year 25 prior to the base year divided by the total estimated public enrollment 26 for the school district pursuant to paragraph n of subdivision one of 27 section thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for the year prior to the 28 base year. 29 (ix) for the two thousand twenty-two--two thousand twenty-three 30 through two thousand twenty-four--two thousand twenty-five school years 31 the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser of (A) the product 32 of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated for the base year 33 multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for each school year in 34 the period commencing with the year four years prior to the base year 35 and finishing with the year prior to the base year, excluding the two 36 thousand twenty--two thousand twenty-one school year, of the total 37 approved operating expense for such school district calculated pursuant 38 to paragraph t of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of 39 this chapter for each such year divided by the total approved operating 40 expense for such district for the immediately preceding year or (B) the 41 quotient of the total general fund expenditures for the school district 42 calculated pursuant to an electronic data file created for the purpose 43 of compliance with paragraph b of subdivision twenty-one of section 44 three hundred five of this chapter published annually on May fifteenth 45 for the year prior to the base year divided by the total estimated 46 public enrollment for the school district pursuant to paragraph n of 47 subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of this chapter for 48 the year prior to the base year. 49 (x) for the two thousand twenty-five--two thousand twenty-six school 50 year and thereafter the charter school basic tuition shall be the lesser 51 of (A) the product of (i) the charter school basic tuition calculated 52 for the base year multiplied by (ii) the average of the quotients for 53 each school year in the period commencing with the year three years 54 prior to the base year and finishing with the year prior to the base 55 year of the total approved operating expense for such school district 56 calculated pursuant to paragraph t of subdivision one of section thir-

A. 6604 8 1 ty-six hundred two of this chapter for each such year divided by the 2 total approved operating expense for such district for the immediately 3 preceding year or (B) the quotient of the total general fund expendi- 4 tures for the school district calculated pursuant to an electronic data 5 file created for the purpose of compliance with paragraph b of subdivi- 6 sion twenty-one of section three hundred five of this chapter published 7 annually on May fifteenth for the year prior to the base year divided by 8 the total estimated public enrollment for the school district pursuant 9 to paragraph n of subdivision one of section thirty-six hundred two of 10 this chapter for the year prior to the base year. 11 For the purposes of this subdivision, the "supplemental basic tuition" 12 shall be (A) for a school district for which the charter school basic 13 tuition computed for the current year is greater than or equal to the 14 charter school basic tuition for the two thousand ten--two thousand 15 eleven school year pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (i) of 16 this paragraph, (1) for the two thousand fourteen--two thousand fifteen 17 school year two hundred and fifty dollars, and (2) for the two thousand 18 fifteen--two thousand sixteen school year three hundred and fifty 19 dollars, and (3) for the two thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen 20 school year five hundred dollars, and (4) for the two thousand seven- 21 teen--two thousand eighteen school year and thereafter, the sum of (i) 22 the supplemental basic tuition calculated for the two thousand sixteen- 23 -two thousand seventeen school year plus (ii) five hundred dollars, and 24 (B) for school years prior to the two thousand seventeen--two thousand 25 eighteen school year, for a school district for which the charter school 26 basic tuition for the two thousand ten--two thousand eleven school year 27 is greater than the charter school basic tuition for the current year 28 pursuant to the provisions of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the 29 positive difference of the charter school basic tuition for the two 30 thousand ten--two thousand eleven school year minus the charter school 31 basic tuition for the current year pursuant to the provisions of subpar- 32 agraph (i) of this paragraph and (C) for school years following the two 33 thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen school years, for a school 34 district for which the charter school basic tuition for the two thousand 35 ten--two thousand eleven school year is greater than the charter school 36 basic tuition for the current year pursuant to the provisions of subpar- 37 agraph (i) of this paragraph, the sum of (i) the supplemental basic 38 tuition calculated for the two thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen 39 school year plus (ii) five hundred dollars. 40 (b) The [~~school district~~] department shall also pay directly to the 41 charter school any federal or state aid attributable to a student with a 42 disability attending charter school in proportion to the level of 43 services for such student with a disability that the charter school 44 provides directly or indirectly. Notwithstanding anything in this 45 section to the contrary, amounts payable pursuant to this subdivision 46 may be reduced pursuant to an agreement between the department, the 47 charter school and the charter entity set forth in the charter. Payments 48 made pursuant to this subdivision shall be made by the [~~school district~~] 49 department in six substantially equal installments each year beginning 50 on the first business day of July and every two months thereafter. 51 Amounts payable under this subdivision shall be determined by the 52 commissioner. Amounts payable to a charter school in its first year of 53 operation shall be based on the projections of initial-year enrollment 54 set forth in the charter. Such projections shall be reconciled with the 55 actual enrollment at the end of the school's first year of operation,

A. 6604 9 1 and any necessary adjustments shall be made to payments during the 2 school's second year of operation. 3 (c) School districts shall be eligible for an annual apportionment 4 equal to the amount of the supplemental basic tuition for the charter 5 school in the base year for the expenses incurred in the two thousand 6 fourteen--two thousand fifteen, two thousand fifteen--two thousand 7 sixteen, two thousand sixteen--two thousand seventeen school years and 8 thereafter. 9 § 3. This act shall take effect immediately, provided, however, that 10 the amendments to subdivision 1 of section 2856 of the education law 11 made by section one of this act shall not affect the expiration and 12 reversion of such subdivision pursuant to subdivision d of section 27 of 13 chapter 378 of the laws of 2007, as amended when upon such date the 14 provisions of section two of this act shall take effect.

Relates to the financing of charter schools

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