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Wednesday, April 1, 2026

11:35 AMRegular SessionALBANY, NEW YORK
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                                                               1975

 1                NEW YORK STATE SENATE

 2                          

 3                          

 4               THE STENOGRAPHIC RECORD

 5                          

 6                          

 7                          

 8                          

 9                  ALBANY, NEW YORK

10                    April 1, 2026

11                     11:35 a.m.

12                          

13                          

14                   REGULAR SESSION

15  

16  

17  

18  SENATOR JEREMY COONEY, Acting President

19  ALEJANDRA N. PAULINO, ESQ., Secretary

20  

21  

22  

23  

24  

25  


                                                               1976

 1                P R O C E E D I N G S

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    Senate will come to order.  

 4                 I ask everyone to please rise and 

 5    recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

 6                 (Whereupon, the assemblage recited 

 7    the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.)

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   In the 

 9    absence of clergy, let us bow our heads in a 

10    moment of silent reflection or prayer.  

11                 (Whereupon, the assemblage respected 

12    a moment of silence.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Reading 

14    of the Journal.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   In Senate, Tuesday, 

16    March 31, 2026, the Senate met pursuant to 

17    adjournment.  The Journal of Monday, March 30, 

18    2026, was read and approved.  On motion, the 

19    Senate adjourned.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Without 

21    objection, the Journal stands approved as read.

22                 Presentation of petitions.

23                 Messages from the Assembly.

24                 The Secretary will read.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator Harckham 


                                                               1977

 1    moves to discharge, from the Committee on 

 2    Investigations and Government Operations, 

 3    Assembly Bill Number 10080B and substitute it for 

 4    the identical Senate Bill 9020C, Third Reading 

 5    Calendar 532.

 6                 Senator Fernandez moves to 

 7    discharge, from the Committee on 

 8    Cultural Affairs, Tourism, Parks and Recreation, 

 9    Assembly Bill Number 7033D and substitute it for 

10    the identical Senate Bill 6487C, Third Reading 

11    Calendar 565.  

12                 Senator Hinchey moves to discharge, 

13    from the Committee on Codes, Assembly Bill 

14    Number 8492C and substitute it for the identical 

15    Senate Bill 8021C, Third Reading Calendar 618.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   So 

17    ordered.

18                 Messages from the Governor.

19                 Reports of standing committees.

20                 Reports of select committees.

21                 Communications and reports from 

22    state officers.

23                 Motions and resolutions.

24                 Senator Gianaris.

25                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Good morning, 


                                                               1978

 1    Mr. President.  

 2                 On behalf of Senator Baskin, on 

 3    page 7 I offer the following amendments to 

 4    Calendar 180, Senate 6009, and ask that said bill 

 5    retain its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 7    amendments are received, and the bill will retain 

 8    its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

 9                 Senator Gianaris.

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I also wish to 

11    call up the following bills, which were recalled 

12    from the Assembly and are now at the desk:  

13    Senate Bills 1847, 5340B, and 4408.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

15    Secretary will read.

16                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

17    141, Senate Print 1847, by Senator Comrie, an act 

18    to amend the Public Service Law.

19                 Calendar Number 261, Senate Print 

20    4408, by Senator May, an act to amend the 

21    Environmental Conservation Law.

22                 Calendar Number 311, Senate Print 

23    5340B, by Senator Stavisky, an act to amend the 

24    Education Law.

25                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Move to 


                                                               1979

 1    reconsider the vote by which these bills were 

 2    passed.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 4    Secretary will call the roll on reconsideration.  

 5                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bills 

 8    are restored to their place on the Third Reading 

 9    Calendar.

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I offer the 

11    following amendments.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

13    amendments are received.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please recognize 

15    Senator Hinchey for an introduction.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

17    Hinchey for an introduction.

18                 SENATOR HINCHEY:   Thank you, 

19    Mr. President.

20                 When Benjamin Franklin walked out of 

21    the Constitutional Convention at Independence 

22    Hall, he was asked if our new government would be 

23    a republic or a monarchy.  His reply was both a 

24    promise and a warning wrapped into one:  A 

25    republic, if you can keep it.  


                                                               1980

 1                 Franklin understood that for our 

 2    great experiment to succeed, government could not 

 3    survive on its own.  It would need people, 

 4    ordinary people -- people willing to show up, 

 5    speak up, and hold their representatives to 

 6    account.

 7                 That was 1787.  Nearly 250 years 

 8    later, those principles still persist.  And the 

 9    students who are here with us today uphold them 

10    in a way that should inspire us all.  

11                 We are joined in the gallery by 

12    students from the Democracy Matters Club at 

13    Emma Willard School in Troy, including one of my 

14    constituents, Fiona Kelly, from Hudson.  

15                 Democracy Matters was founded in 

16    2001 by NBA player Adonal Foyle and his parents, 

17    Joan and Jay Mandle, who also happen to be 

18    constituents of mine from the Hudson Valley.  

19                 They built this incredible 

20    student-led organization on a simple idea:  

21    Civic engagement is for everyone, and especially 

22    for young people, who deserve a voice in shaping 

23    their futures right now.

24                 This year alone, students have led 

25    discussions with their peers on the importance of 


                                                               1981

 1    free and fair elections.  They have written to 

 2    their elected representatives.  And they have 

 3    raised their voices on so many issues that are 

 4    important to them, from advocating for the right 

 5    of 17-year-olds to pre-register to vote, 

 6    demanding human rights and dignity in our 

 7    immigration system.  

 8                 They have sounded the alarm on the 

 9    climate crisis and the urgent need to protect our 

10    environment, and they have wrestled with the 

11    hardest questions on foreign policy and 

12    international conflict.  

13                 They do not wait to be invited into 

14    these conversations.  They have grasped something 

15    that takes most people years to understand, that 

16    democracy is as powerful as it is fragile, and it 

17    is not a spectator sport.  It is imperfect, and 

18    it only works when people fight for it, 

19    generation after generation, relentlessly in 

20    pursuit of the greater good.  

21                 To the students here today, thank 

22    you for your courage and your conviction.  We 

23    need more people like you fighting for a world 

24    that's better, more inclusive, and more 

25    accountable.


                                                               1982

 1                 And thank you to the club advisor, 

 2    who is here with them today.  

 3                 Mr. President, I ask you to extend 

 4    the privileges of the chamber, and please ask 

 5    them to be recognized.

 6                 Thank you all so much for being 

 7    here.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 9    you, Senator Hinchey.  

10                 To our guests, I welcome you on 

11    behalf of the Senate.  We extend to you the 

12    privileges and courtesies of this house.  Please 

13    rise and be recognized.

14                 (Standing ovation.)

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

16    Gianaris.

17                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Now please 

18    recognize Senator Rolison for another 

19    introduction.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

21    Rolison for an introduction.

22                 SENATOR ROLISON:   Thank you, 

23    Mr. President.

24                 Today we are joined by an individual 

25    who will be retiring very shortly, in about 


                                                               1983

 1    30 days, from Dutchess County government after 

 2    three decades of service to our community and to 

 3    the state.  And that is Assistant County 

 4    Executive Ron Hicks, who is here with us in the 

 5    gallery.  

 6                 I have known Ron Hicks for decades 

 7    myself, and Ron Hicks has always been the 

 8    individual -- no matter where he was serving or 

 9    whom he worked for, he was there for the 

10    community.  And what Ron has been able to do in 

11    30 years it may take some of us 50 years to do.  

12                 And he has worked on both sides of 

13    the aisle.  He is a good-government person and 

14    of course a dear friend.

15                 And I wanted just to note some of 

16    Ron's accomplishments.  Of course there are 

17    volumes of accomplishments, and there are 

18    accomplishments that we don't even know about 

19    because he's never sought recognition for any of 

20    them.

21                 But he previously served, 

22    Mr. President, as the district director for the 

23    late Assemblywoman Eileen Hickey who served the 

24    Assembly from Dutchess County with unbelievable 

25    distinction.  And he was also a deputy county 


                                                               1984

 1    clerk in Dutchess County.  He was the regional 

 2    director for Governor Pataki.  He was also the 

 3    regional director for the Empire State 

 4    Development Corporation.  And of course he has 

 5    done so much as the assistant county executive in 

 6    Dutchess County for essentially economic 

 7    development.  

 8                 And I remember I was in the county 

 9    legislature when Ron was hired for that position, 

10    and it was said to us at the time, you know, we 

11    needed a Ron Hicks to come into county government 

12    to be that point person to unclog things with the 

13    multiple county agencies.  

14                 And Ron would be the individual to 

15    call if you had a problem with the health 

16    department or any -- DPW.  We can go on down the 

17    list.  And he would try to make things happen of 

18    course in a good-government way.  

19                 And he did that, Mr. President, for 

20    so many years.  And we were just talking off the 

21    floor, and he was telling me about a picture that 

22    he has of my dad, from 1995, at an event up in 

23    Staatsburg with the late James Earl Jones.  

24                 And so Ron has traveled with all 

25    kinds of people to do good things.  And he's here 


                                                               1985

 1    today; he was honored earlier in the 

 2    State Assembly.  

 3                 And I'm going to leave Ron and 

 4    Mr. President and my colleagues and friends here 

 5    in the chamber with this:  You know, Ron in his 

 6    official acts was governed by a keen sense of 

 7    duty, and he always showed a unique grasp of 

 8    human problems.

 9                 Mr. President, again, it is my honor 

10    to have Ron Hicks here today in the New York 

11    State Senate.  And I would ask you to extend all 

12    the courtesies of this house for him today.

13                 Thank you, Mr. President.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

15    you, Senator Rolison.

16                 To Ron and his family, we welcome 

17    you on behalf of the Senate.  We extend to you 

18    the privileges and courtesies of this house.

19                 Please rise and be recognized.

20                 (Standing ovation.)

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   We thank 

22    you for your service.

23                 Senator Gianaris.

24                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   All right, 

25    Mr. President, let's move on to previously 


                                                               1986

 1    adopted Resolution 1681, by Senator Stec, read 

 2    its title, and call on Senator Stec, please.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 4    Secretary will read.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1681, by 

 6    Senator Stec, congratulating the Potsdam Central 

 7    High School Girls Hockey Team upon the occasion 

 8    of capturing the New York State Public 

 9    High School Athletic Association Girls 

10    Hockey Championship.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

12    Stec on the resolution.

13                 SENATOR STEC:   Thank you, 

14    Mr. President.  

15                 Good morning, all.  

16                 Absolutely delighted any time you 

17    get a chance to welcome constituents down here to 

18    our chamber, especially young people, people that 

19    have achieved something that they're going to 

20    remember the rest of their lives.  They made 

21    their family and community proud, they worked 

22    hard, they had an outstanding season.  

23                 The Potsdam Lady Sandstoners are 

24    this year's Public High School Ice Hockey 

25    champions.  They defeated Adirondack United -- 


                                                               1987

 1    another team down my way that I share with 

 2    Senator Tedisco -- who was the two-time defending 

 3    state champion, but they beat them for the state 

 4    championship back on February 21st, my birthday, 

 5    with a score of 3 to 2.  

 6                 And it was just wonderful to meet 

 7    them outside earlier before session started.  But 

 8    again, you know, to pause and just recognize the 

 9    achievement of these young ladies that come from 

10    a hockey town; Potsdam's known for having great 

11    hockey, both at the high school and collegiate 

12    level.  

13                 And, you know, certainly having them 

14    down here with a fantastic record, 18, 2 and 3, I 

15    think it was, or 3 and 2 -- 2 and 3.  They 

16    avenged an earlier loss to Adirondack United in 

17    the state championship, so I know that that 

18    probably made that victory even sweeter.  

19                 But, you know, Mr. President, 

20    through you, if you would please congratulate 

21    them, give them the cordialities of the house as 

22    we commemorate the Lady Sandstoners' 2026 Girls 

23    Ice Hockey State Championship.

24                 Thank you.  

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 


                                                               1988

 1    you, Senator Stec.  

 2                 To our champions, I welcome you on 

 3    behalf of the Senate.  We extend to you the 

 4    privileges and courtesies of this house.  

 5                 Please rise and be recognized.

 6                 (Standing ovation.)

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 8    resolution was adopted on March 5th.  

 9                 Senator Gianaris.

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Senator Stec 

11    would like to open that resolution for 

12    cosponsorship.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

14    resolution is open for cosponsorship.  Should you 

15    choose not to be a cosponsor, please notify the 

16    desk.

17                 Senator Gianaris.

18                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please take up 

19    the calendar.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

21    Secretary will read.

22                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

23    252, Senate Print 8440A, by Senator Fahy, an act 

24    to amend the Highway Law.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 


                                                               1989

 1    last section.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 3.  This 

 3    act shall take effect immediately.  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

 5    roll.

 6                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 8    Fahy to explain her vote.

 9                 SENATOR FAHY:   Thank you, 

10    Mr. President.

11                 I rise today with an aye vote on 

12    this bill.  It's the renaming of a local bridge.  

13    And I just would bear repeating of a few comments 

14    I'd made earlier regarding Sergeant Henry 

15    Johnson, who has been such an extraordinary local 

16    if not regional hero. 

17                 He first enlisted in World War I in 

18    1917, into the segregated all-Black 15th New York 

19    National Guard Infantry Regiment, which was the 

20    369th U.S. Infantry Regiment, which ultimately 

21    was referred to as the Harlem Hellfighters.  

22                 While on duty in France in 1918, his 

23    party came under attack by a German raiding 

24    party.  They were completely outnumbered.  He 

25    alone fought off, with his rifle -- because all 


                                                               1990

 1    of his party, his side, was injured.  He fought 

 2    using his rifle, then used it as a club, then 

 3    used a bolo knife in hand-to-hand combat.  He 

 4    suffered 21 injuries, yet held off the entire 

 5    raiding party.

 6                 Fast forward 80 -- it took 80 years 

 7    for him to even get a Purple Heart, although he 

 8    was given the highest distinction and honors in 

 9    France at that time, 80 years before he got the 

10    Purple Heart.  

11                 In 2022 he finally received the 

12    Distinguished Service Cross and in 2015, almost a 

13    century later, with advocacy from so many, 

14    including Senator Schumer, he was finally awarded 

15    the Medal of Honor, our nation's highest military 

16    award.  

17                 In 2023 a bipartisan congressional 

18    delegation renamed a Confederate-named Louisiana 

19    fort from Fort Polk to Fort Johnson in his honor.  

20                 Very sadly, last year 

21    President Trump took that name off the fort, 

22    reverted it to its old name of Fort Polk with a 

23    different enlisted individual by the name of 

24    Polk.  

25                 After a century of advocacy to right 


                                                               1991

 1    the wrongs of history, it's been a painful 

 2    chapter.  Our way of making amends on that, since 

 3    we can't change those federal actions, is to 

 4    elevate his legacy and his name here in the 

 5    Capital Region by renaming the Patroon Island 

 6    Bridge right here in Albany -- it connects to 

 7    Rensselaer County -- after the Medal of Honor 

 8    recipient, Sergeant Henry Johnson Memorial 

 9    Bridge.  

10                 It is a way to try to preserve this 

11    extraordinary history and make sure that we honor 

12    this extraordinary hero despite the attempts to 

13    rewrite history at the national level.  It just 

14    beared repeating.  

15                 Thank you for bearing with me again 

16    on this.  It's just incredibly important, and I'm 

17    just so proud to have been a sponsor of this bill 

18    with so many.  

19                 And with that, I vote in the 

20    affirmative.  Thank you, Mr. President.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

22    Fahy to be recorded in the affirmative.

23                 Senator Ashby to explain his vote.

24                 SENATOR ASHBY:   Thank you, 

25    Mr. President.


                                                               1992

 1                 I rise to explain my vote and thank 

 2    the sponsor for this legislation.  

 3                 Wounded 21 times, kept his comrades 

 4    from being captured and kept the Germans from 

 5    advancing, and then died at the age of 36, in 

 6    1929.  A remarkable life, a remarkable 

 7    achievement that went unnoticed for too long.

 8                 And in this chamber today we 

 9    solidify his memory here in New York State and in 

10    the Capital District with the renaming of the 

11    Patroon Island Bridge to the Sergeant Henry 

12    Johnson Bridge.  

13                 And it's something that I'm very 

14    proud to cosponsor.  To think of the lives of our 

15    veterans and what they stand for, their 

16    sacrifices, and what their families have endured, 

17    and what Sergeant Henry Johnson did at that time.  

18                 To think that he was awarded the 

19    Purple Heart in 1996, so many decades after his 

20    sacrifice -- it's painful to think about.  But 

21    what we're doing here today is a remarkable 

22    accomplishment, and I'm proud to vote aye.  

23                 Thank you.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

25    Ashby to be recorded in the affirmative.


                                                               1993

 1                 Announce the results.  

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 3    Calendar 252, voting in the negative:  

 4    Senator Brisport.

 5                 Ayes, 58.  Nays, 1.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 7    is passed.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 9    532, Assembly Bill Number 10080B, by 

10    Assemblymember Wieder, an act to amend the 

11    Public Officers Law.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

13    last section.

14                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

15    act shall take effect immediately.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

17    roll.  

18                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

20    the results.

21                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

22    Calendar 532, voting in the negative:  

23    Senator Brisport.

24                 Ayes, 58.  Nays, 1.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 


                                                               1994

 1    is passed.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 3    565, Assembly Bill Number 7033D, by 

 4    Assemblymember Zaccaro, an act to amend the 

 5    Arts and Cultural Affairs Law.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 7    last section.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 9    act shall take effect immediately.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

11    roll.

12                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

14    Fernandez to explain her vote.

15                 SENATOR FERNANDEZ:   Thank you so 

16    much, Mr. President.  

17                 This is an exciting bill.  As I've 

18    mentioned before, the greatness of the Bronx and 

19    the beautiful diversity that we are, we have the 

20    community of Little Yemen in the neighborhood of 

21    Van Nest.  

22                 And this community has grown 

23    exponentially.  It is so vibrant, it is so 

24    beautiful in what it's been able to do, 

25    reflecting the American dream when immigrants 


                                                               1995

 1    come to New York and this country to build a 

 2    better life, to build community, to build 

 3    identity.  

 4                 And Little Yemen has built itself to 

 5    be a community that we cannot forget, we cannot 

 6    oversee, we cannot overlook.  They are a 

 7    community that has stood up to violence, if you 

 8    will.  When the first Muslim ban was enacted to 

 9    our country, they started the bodega strike to 

10    show that we will not take this hate to our 

11    communities.

12                 Little Yemen is a community that has 

13    opened its doors to many, that has created 

14    opportunity for many.  The many businesses that 

15    have grown and developed and opened, thousands of 

16    jobs, the economic boost to the neighborhood.  

17                 Not only do we have great 

18    restaurants, but we have clothing stores, we have 

19    community centers, cultural hubs.  And soon the 

20    biggest mosque that will come to the state is to 

21    open in Little Yemen.  

22                 So this cultural district is now 

23    going to recognize Little Yemen as a place that 

24    we welcome everyone to come see, we welcome 

25    business, we welcome tourism.  But we thank the 


                                                               1996

 1    Yemen community for their contributions to not 

 2    only the Van Nest neighborhood, but to this 

 3    state, showing that all things are possible and 

 4    we can see prosperity grow in some of the darkest 

 5    times.

 6                 So thank you.  I proudly vote aye.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 8    Fernandez to be recorded in the affirmative.

 9                 Announce the results.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

11    Calendar 565, voting in the negative:  

12    Senator Walczyk.

13                 Ayes, 58.  Nays, 1.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

15    is passed.

16                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

17    579, Senate Print 2648, by Senator Addabbo, an 

18    act to amend the Insurance Law.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

20    last section.

21                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 5.  This 

22    act shall take effect immediately.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

24    roll.  

25                 (The Secretary called the roll.)


                                                               1997

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

 2    the results.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 4    Calendar 579, voting in the negative are 

 5    Senators Borrello, Gallivan, Ortt, O'Mara and 

 6    Walczyk.

 7                 Ayes, 54.  Nays, 5.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 9    is passed.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

11    581, Senate Print 5047, by Senator Bailey, an act 

12    to amend the Insurance Law.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

14    last section.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

16    act shall take effect immediately.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

18    roll.

19                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

21    the results.

22                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 59.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

24    is passed.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 


                                                               1998

 1    583, Senate Print 1462, by Senator Kavanagh, an 

 2    act to amend the Public Authorities Law.

 3                 SENATOR LANZA:   Lay it aside.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Lay it 

 5    aside.

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 7    601, Senate Print 5535, by Senator Baskin, an act 

 8    to amend the Executive Law.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

10    last section.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 6.  This 

12    act shall take effect one year after it shall 

13    have become a law.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

15    roll.

16                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

18    Baskin to explain her vote.

19                 SENATOR BASKIN:   Thank you, 

20    Mr. President.

21                 Years ago when I served as the chair 

22    of the county legislature, I gaveled out of a 

23    session and proceeded across the street from 

24    county hall to our county services building, 

25    where I encountered a woman and her young son.  


                                                               1999

 1                 The woman did not speak English.  

 2    She spoke her language to her young son, and then 

 3    he in turn asked me:  "Miss, what door do we go 

 4    through so that we can sign up to get food?"  

 5                 I instructed them on what was the 

 6    proper door to go through and what floor that 

 7    they needed to go through.  Of course the little 

 8    boy then explained to his mother in his language.  

 9                 And at that time I realized the hour 

10    of the day and how young that little boy was, and 

11    that he was likely supposed to be in school, 

12    learning, getting educated, socializing with his 

13    friends, learning how to be a contributing member 

14    of society.  But he was there at the county 

15    social services building, trying to help his 

16    mother navigate a way to get food.

17                 Mr. President, this bill before us 

18    today expands on a previous action that this 

19    honorable body has taken to provide language 

20    access services across the State of New York.

21                 This bill will ensure that all 

22    agencies of the state are included, not just 

23    those under the Governor's purview.  It provides 

24    services in the top 12 languages statewide and 

25    the top three languages in each region, ensuring 


                                                               2000

 1    access reflects local communities.  

 2                 In Western New York, where I 

 3    represent, some of the most prominent languages 

 4    include Arabic, Chinese, Bengali, Hindi, Swahili, 

 5    and Somali.  Eleven percent of Erie County 

 6    residents speak a language other than English at 

 7    home.  And in the City of Buffalo, that number is 

 8    20 percent.  

 9                 This bill recognizes the diversity 

10    of New Yorkers, but also it recognizes that 

11    legislation is not one-size-fits-all.  And that 

12    cannot be done in a successful state.  

13    Legislation must fit the realities of each 

14    region.  And I am happy that this bill does that.  

15                 This bill is not only good for 

16    public service for our residents, but it is also 

17    an investment into our residents who are seeking 

18    to be a part of New York's economy.  We want 

19    people seeking jobs to be able to navigate the 

20    New York State Department of Labor's job list.  

21    We want people to be able to understand their 

22    legal rights.  

23                 And we want our children, many of 

24    whom unfortunately act as informal interpreters 

25    for their families, we want them to be able to be 


                                                               2001

 1    focused on their education, to establish 

 2    themselves as first-generation New Yorkers, 

 3    instead of having to be pulled out of the 

 4    classroom to help their families fill out an 

 5    application or speak with a caseworker during an 

 6    appointment.

 7                 Mr. President, I want to acknowledge 

 8    all of the advocates who have pushed for this 

 9    bill time and time again.  Many people who speak 

10    limited English or who need an interpreter to 

11    feel heard, they feel unheard, they feel that 

12    government is not here for them.  They feel that 

13    government is not here to support them -- or even 

14    worse, they feel that government is here to 

15    punish them.

16                 But I hope that this bill instills 

17    some hope and some confidence that we here in 

18    this honorable body, and in New York, will 

19    represent and represent all people who call 

20    New York home with dignity, in their preferred 

21    language.

22                 This body passed this critical 

23    legislation last year.  And I rise today to urge 

24    my colleagues in the Assembly to do the same this 

25    session, to show all New Yorkers that they 


                                                               2002

 1    deserve a government that is accessible, a 

 2    government that is respectful and responsive to 

 3    everyone in their native language.  

 4                 I vote in the affirmative, 

 5    Mr. President, and I encourage all of my 

 6    colleagues to do the same.

 7                 Thank you.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 9    Baskin to be recorded in the affirmative.

10                 Announce the results.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

12    Calendar 601, voting in the negative are 

13    Senators Borrello, Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, 

14    Helming, Martins, Mattera, O'Mara, Rhoads, Stec, 

15    Walczyk and Weik.

16                 Ayes, 50.  Nays, 10.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

18    is passed.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

20    605, Senate Print 8046A, by Senator Bynoe, an act 

21    to amend the Emergency Tenant Protection Act.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

23    last section.  

24                 SENATOR LANZA:   Lay it aside.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 


                                                               2003

 1    will be laid aside.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 3    612, Senate Print Number 3519, by 

 4    Senator Scarcella-Spanton, an act to amend the 

 5    Penal Law.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

 7    last section.

 8                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

 9    act shall take effect immediately.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

11    roll.

12                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

14    Scarcella-Spanton to explain her vote.

15                 SENATOR SCARCELLA-SPANTON:   Thank 

16    you, Mr. President.

17                 With technology developing rapidly, 

18    our current laws do not account for the various 

19    new ways that predators can now stalk, intimidate 

20    and control individuals.  From Apple Tags to 

21    "Find my iPhone," there are countless ways that a 

22    person can find your location, and predators are 

23    exploiting legal loopholes to get away with 

24    tracking someone's movements.  

25                 For far too long, people who have 


                                                               2004

 1    dealt with this have lived in a state of fear of 

 2    someone accessing their location through 

 3    technology, and with no avenue for recourse.  

 4    Those who have done this have been able to avoid 

 5    proper accountability.  

 6                 My bill redefines the term 

 7    "following" for a crime of stalking in the 

 8    fourth degree to include the use of certain 

 9    devices or computers to gain access to record, 

10    track, report the movement or location of a 

11    person and their property without the person's 

12    permission or knowledge to do so.

13                 By broadening this definition, we 

14    send a clear message that technology-assisted 

15    stalking is just as damaging to a victim's 

16    mental, physical and emotional well-being as 

17    traditional forms of stalking are.

18                 By passing this legislation, we are 

19    taking a crucial step forward in keeping our 

20    constituents safe and taking the things that 

21    they've gone through seriously.  

22                 Thank you again to my colleagues, 

23    and I proudly vote aye.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

25    Scarcella-Spanton to be recorded in the 


                                                               2005

 1    affirmative.

 2                 Announce the results.

 3                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 60.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 5    is passed.

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 7    615, Senate Print 4776, by Senator Ryan, an act 

 8    to amend the Penal Law.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

10    last section.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 4.  This 

12    act shall take effect on the 60th day after it 

13    shall have become a law.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

15    roll.

16                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

18    Ryan to explain his vote.

19                 SENATOR RYAN:   Thank you, 

20    Mr. President.

21                 So this legislation addresses a very 

22    serious, growing public safety concern, which is 

23    the rise in false reports involving weapons, 

24    particularly incidents that mimic active shooter 

25    or violent threats.  


                                                               2006

 1                 Instances of falsely reporting a 

 2    critical emergency, otherwise known as swatting, 

 3    have increased exponentially across the state.  

 4    These situations don't just strain emergency 

 5    systems, they send a very, very frightful ripple 

 6    through our entire communities.  

 7                 Parents get the call that their 

 8    child's school is in lockdown, students are left 

 9    frightened and confused in classrooms while 

10    families sit in fear waiting for answers.  That 

11    kind of trauma just doesn't disappear when the 

12    all-clear is given.  You know, this sort of 

13    trauma stays with students, parents and educators 

14    long after this fake incident has occurred.

15                 Under current law, falsely reporting 

16    fires, explosions, or hazardous materials 

17    releasing around schools is a crime.  However, 

18    this statute has not kept pace with the reality 

19    that we face today.  

20                 This bill provides law enforcement 

21    and prosecutors with the tools they need to 

22    respond appropriately and, more importantly, 

23    deter this dangerous behavior in the future.

24                 It also strengthens protections for 

25    schools by making clear that false threats 


                                                               2007

 1    involving weapons, on school grounds, will be 

 2    treated with the seriousness that they deserve.

 3                 At a time when students, parents and 

 4    educators are already on edge, we must ensure as 

 5    lawmakers that those who intentionally cause fear 

 6    and disruption are held accountable.  We need to 

 7    hold people accountable for doing this.

 8                 I thank my colleagues for their 

 9    consideration, and I vote aye.  

10                 Thank you.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

12    Ryan to be recorded in the affirmative.

13                 Announce the results.  

14                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 60.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

16    is passed.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

18    618, Assembly Bill Number 8492C, by 

19    Assemblymember Weprin, an act to amend the 

20    Executive Law.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Read the 

22    last section.

23                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

24    act shall take effect on the 60th day after it 

25    shall have become a law.


                                                               2008

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

 2    roll.

 3                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

 5    the results.

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

 7    Calendar 618, voting in the negative:  

 8    Senator Brisport.

 9                 Ayes, 59.  Nays, 1.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

11    is passed.

12                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

13    reading of today's calendar.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Let's take up 

15    the controversial calendar, please.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

17    Secretary will ring the bell.

18                 The Secretary will read.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

20    583, Senate Print 1462, by Senator Kavanagh, an 

21    act to amend the Public Authorities Law.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

23    Lanza, why do you rise?

24                 SENATOR LANZA:   Mr. President, I 

25    believe there's an amendment at the desk.  I 


                                                               2009

 1    waive the reading of that amendment and ask that 

 2    you recognize Senator Rhoads.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 4    you, Senator Lanza.  

 5                 Upon review of the amendment, and in 

 6    accordance with Rule 6, Section 4B, I rule it 

 7    nongermane and out of order.

 8                 SENATOR LANZA:   Accordingly, 

 9    Mr. President, I appeal the ruling of the chair 

10    and ask that Senator Rhoads be heard on that 

11    appeal.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

13    appeal has been made and recognized, and 

14    Senator Rhoads may be heard.

15                 SENATOR RHOADS:   Thank you, 

16    Mr. President.  I rise, obviously, to appeal the 

17    ruling of the chair.  

18                 This amendment is certainly germane 

19    to the bill-in-chief, as the bill-in-chief 

20    intends to promote housing affordability -- (to 

21    Senator Kavanagh) not yet -- promote housing 

22    affordability, and the amendment deals with the 

23    very issue of affordability that is critical here 

24    in the State of New York.  

25                 Now, during the resolutions we heard 


                                                               2010

 1    about Benjamin Franklin.  And I want to take you 

 2    back.  Obviously this year we are celebrating the 

 3    250th anniversary of the Declaration of 

 4    Independence and the founding of the 

 5    United States of America.  

 6                 But the American Revolution really 

 7    started in earnest -- some would say at the 

 8    Battle of Lexington and Concord in 1775.  Some 

 9    would say that the seeds of it may have started 

10    as far back as 1765 and the Stamp Act -- but 

11    really 1773, when a group of patriots dumped tea 

12    into Boston Harbor a couple of hundred miles to 

13    our east, over a 6 percent tax that was imposed 

14    on the colonists for every pound of tea that was 

15    sold.  Six percent.

16                 This chamber, this government, under 

17    one-party rule in the State of New York over the 

18    course of the last eight years has done far worse 

19    than 6 percent.  

20                 When you look at what we are 

21    spending, we are spending $100 million more -- 

22    not a 6 percent increase, but an over 60 percent 

23    increase in just the last eight years, in the 

24    amount of money that we are taking from our 

25    New York State taxpayers, the amount of money 


                                                               2011

 1    that we are taking from our economy.  

 2                 That equates to $5,000 for every 

 3    man, woman and child in the State of New York.  

 4    Think about that.  

 5                 The difference between then and now 

 6    is that King George recognized way too late.  The 

 7    patriots rose up, and they defeated Great 

 8    Britain, because they had nowhere else to go, and 

 9    they fought for their homeland.

10                 The difference today, under the 

11    monarchy of one-party rule here in the State of 

12    New York over the course of the last eight years, 

13    is that New Yorkers do have other places to go, 

14    and they are going.

15                 We are fighting a revolution here in 

16    the State of New York, but that revolution is not 

17    being fought with rifles and with bayonets.  That 

18    revolution in the State of New York is being 

19    fought with cardboard boxes and moving vans, as 

20    New York State has lost more than a 

21    million people just since 2020 alone, according 

22    to the Empire Center.

23                 We are anticipated to lose, over the 

24    course of the next 15 years, another 2 million of 

25    our citizens, losing two congressional seats, 


                                                               2012

 1    potentially, in the next census.  

 2                 People are voting with their feet, 

 3    and they are leaving New York State for lower-tax 

 4    states like Texas and Florida, who have seen 

 5    increases in population contrary to our decreases 

 6    of 2.9 million and 1.6 million respectively.  

 7                 It is time for us to recognize that 

 8    the problem with affordability in the State of 

 9    New York is us.  We are the highest-taxed state 

10    in the nation.  In tax affordability, this state 

11    has been ranked dead last.  And you are seeing 

12    the results every day.

13                 This amendment, sponsored by the 

14    Republican Conference, which I have the honor of 

15    introducing, is Bill S9110.  That is the 

16    Taxpayer Rescue Act.  While over the course of 

17    the last eight years we have been taking $5,000 

18    from every man, woman and child in the State of 

19    New York, this Taxpayer Rescue Act would be the 

20    single largest personal income tax cut in the 

21    history or the State of New York.  

22                 Phased in over 10 years, it would 

23    actually eliminate state income tax from the 

24    first $50,000 of income for single filers, 

25    $75,000 for single head of household, and the 


                                                               2013

 1    first $100,000 of income from state income tax 

 2    for every single family in the State of New York.  

 3                 And we do that not by drastic cuts, 

 4    but by reversing the trend of the last 

 5    eight years and limiting the rate of growth in 

 6    the New York State budget.

 7                 Every other municipality in the 

 8    State of New York has to live by a spending cap.  

 9    In fact, by the way, before one-party rule took 

10    hold in 2019, our budgets were limited by the 

11    spending cap.  That has gone by the boards, and 

12    you have seen the $100 million increase -- a 

13    60 percent increase -- in the amount of money 

14    that this state spends.

15                 Phased in over 10 years, this would 

16    actually save the average family in the State of 

17    New York $5,000.  And if you think that that 

18    doesn't matter -- this isn't a one-time gimmick.  

19    We're not talking about an inflation rebate check 

20    for 200, 300, 400 dollars that happens one time.  

21    We are talking about real, sustainable tax relief 

22    for every single New York family.  And this 

23    matters in each and every one of our home 

24    districts.

25                 Do you realize that the average 


                                                               2014

 1    median income, family median income, in the State 

 2    of New York is $85,000?  And by this amendment 

 3    today, what you have the opportunity to do is at 

 4    the end of this phase-in, the average family in 

 5    the State of New York will pay no New York State 

 6    income tax.  

 7                 It is affordable, it is responsible, 

 8    it is reliable, and it is exactly the relief that 

 9    taxpayers across the State of New York are 

10    calling for, and is something that could actually 

11    help save this state.

12                 This approach ensures affordability 

13    without shifting the tax burden elsewhere.  It is 

14    time for the members of this chamber to recognize 

15    that it is the right move at the right time to 

16    help save our state.

17                 And so in 56 out of the 62 counties 

18    in this state, that means that the average 

19    resident, the average family, will pay no 

20    New York State income tax.

21                 Mr. President, and to the members 

22    here, as soon as I sit down you're going to be 

23    told that this is a vote on the procedures of the 

24    house.  And I know that that's the standard line.  

25                 But understand that when you're 


                                                               2015

 1    voting today and you are voting for or against 

 2    this particular amendment, you are voting for 

 3    whether or not the residents in Orange, Putnam, 

 4    Albany, Ulster, Onondaga, Schenectady County -- 

 5    you are voting on whether or not you are going to 

 6    put $5,000 back into the pockets of those 

 7    families not just one year, but every single 

 8    year.

 9                 Mr. President, I can think of 

10    nothing more germane when we're talking about 

11    affordability.  And germaneness means relevancy.  

12    For the future of the State of New York, I can 

13    think of nothing more relevant than this bill, 

14    S9110, the Taxpayer Rescue Plan, which we need to 

15    pass in order to rescue hardworking New Yorkers 

16    from Albany's tax chaos.  

17                 Thank you, Mr. President.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

19    you, Senator.  

20                 I want to remind the house that the 

21    vote is on the procedures of the house and the 

22    ruling of the chair.  

23                 Those in favor of overruling the 

24    chair, signify by saying aye.  

25                 (Response of "Aye.")


                                                               2016

 1                 SENATOR LANZA:   Show of hands.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   A show of 

 3    hands has been requested and so ordered.

 4                 Announce the results.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 22.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 7    ruling of the chair stands, and the bill-in-chief 

 8    is before the house.  

 9                 Senator Martins, why do you rise?

10                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Mr. President, I 

11    was wondering if the sponsor would yield for a 

12    few questions.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Would the 

14    sponsor yield?

15                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Happily, 

16    Mr. President.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    sponsor yields.  

19                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you, 

20    Mr. President.  Mr. President, through you.  

21                 Would you tell us what the median 

22    income is for a household in Battery Park City?  

23                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President.  I don't have the current latest 

25    data from the most recent census available to me, 


                                                               2017

 1    but I think it is roughly about $200,000 per year 

 2    for the 16,000 residents of Battery Park City.

 3                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Mr. President, 

 4    through you, if the sponsor would continue to 

 5    yield.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 7    sponsor yield? 

 8                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Yes, 

 9    Mr. President.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.  

12                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So the median 

13    income, household income for Battery Park City is 

14    $228,000.  And the average household income for 

15    Battery Park City, the average income per 

16    household is $355,000. 

17                 So through you, Mr. President, if 

18    the sponsor would yield.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

20    sponsor yield? 

21                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, I didn't hear a question there.  

23                 But I'll yield to respond to those 

24    comments, just to be clear that this bill does 

25    not -- this bill only affects people by its own 


                                                               2018

 1    terms at a lower income than the average or the 

 2    median income in Battery Park City.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 4    sponsor has yielded.

 5                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you, 

 6    Mr. President.

 7                 And so I do understand that it does 

 8    affect a certain bandwidth.  But I wanted the 

 9    chamber to understand the income that we're 

10    talking about for households within this 

11    particular area of your district.

12                 Through you, Mr. President.  Does 

13    the sponsor know what the median income is for 

14    the average household in Manhattan?  

15                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President, I've seen those numbers.  I don't 

17    tend to look at that as a Manhattan -- as a 

18    Manhattan figure.  

19                 The median income that this bill is 

20    premised on is the AMI for the New York 

21    metropolitan area, and that number for a 

22    single-person household is about $120,000 and -- 

23    a little less than $120,000.  And it is typically 

24    adjusted for household size upwards for 

25    households with more people in them.


                                                               2019

 1                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

 2    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

 3    yield.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 5    sponsor yield? 

 6                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Yes, 

 7    Mr. President.

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 9    sponsor yields.

10                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Are you aware of 

11    any state assistance that has been provided to 

12    Battery Park City, either for capital or 

13    otherwise, that has been approved by this chamber 

14    or by the state for Battery Park City 

15    specifically?  

16                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, 

17    Mr. President.  The Battery Park City is an 

18    unusual entity.  It is a state authority that 

19    controls the property in Battery Park City.  In 

20    addition to those 16,000 or so residents, it also 

21    has very large corporate properties, commercial 

22    properties.  And it generally covers its own 

23    expenses.

24                 We have in this chamber approved -- 

25    we have to.  As an authority, we have to approve 


                                                               2020

 1    their borrowing authority.  So we've approved 

 2    very substantial amounts of borrowing for the 

 3    authority in recent years.  

 4                 There's not a lot of state direct 

 5    taxpayer subsidy going to Battery Park City.  And 

 6    I would also note that this bill has no -- 

 7    effectively will have no cost whatsoever for 

 8    state taxpayers.

 9                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you.  

10                 Mr. President, if the sponsor will 

11    continue to yield.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

13    sponsor yield? 

14                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Yes, 

15    Mr. President.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

17    Senator yields.

18                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Are you aware 

19    that according to Freddie Mac the 150 percent of 

20    AMI in Battery Park City is $187,050?

21                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, the median -- I'm not going to 

23    dispute that figure.  I don't have that figure 

24    before me because it's not relevant to this bill.  

25    I mean, it's not relevant to the way this bill 


                                                               2021

 1    would operate.  

 2                 This bill operates on the area 

 3    median income, which is calculated on a 

 4    metropolitan-area basis, and the bill 

 5    specifically refers to that median income as the 

 6    median income that this bill -- that the 

 7    eligibility for households are calculated in this 

 8    bill.  And that number is, again, 150 percent of 

 9    AMI.  

10                 Currently in New York City the 

11    metropolitan area is $170,000.  That's the 

12    150 percent number for -- that would be relevant 

13    to this bill for a single-person household.  And 

14    again, as I said, the bill adjusts that for 

15    household size upward if there are more residents 

16    in a particular household.

17                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Mr. President, 

18    through you, if the sponsor would continue to 

19    yield.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

21    sponsor yield?

22                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Yes, 

23    Mr. President.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

25    sponsor yields.  


                                                               2022

 1                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Are you aware 

 2    that the typical band of AMI for affordability -- 

 3    as, frankly, confirmed by DHCR even during our 

 4    hearings, budget hearings -- is somewhere between 

 5    60 and 80 percent of AMI for affordability in 

 6    terms of identifying a group for which we 

 7    normally provide either assistance or support?  

 8    Are you familiar with that?

 9                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, 

10    Mr. President, that's false.

11                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Okay.  

12    Mr. President -- 

13                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, if 

14    I may elaborate, we have many programs that 

15    subsidize affordability at all kinds of income 

16    levels.  In this chamber we have approved tax 

17    breaks for developers to build housing that -- 

18    where the affordable units that they must provide 

19    are sometimes up to 165 percent of AMI or 

20    130 percent of AMI.

21                 In this case we're providing -- what 

22    this bill does, which we haven't gotten to, is 

23    basically freeze the portion of somebody's 

24    housing costs that are a result of the ground 

25    rent that their building is paying to the state 


                                                               2023

 1    authority that the Battery Park City Authority 

 2    is, and that money, the surplus of the 

 3    Battery Park City Authority, all of it goes to 

 4    the City of New York.

 5                 So as I think my colleague is quite 

 6    aware, the City of New York has a wide range of 

 7    programs to subsidize affordability for 

 8    middle-class families to continue to live in 

 9    various parts of the city, and this is one such 

10    program.

11                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you.

12                 Mr. President, thank you.  I want to 

13    thank the sponsor as well.

14                 On the bill.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

16    Martins on the bill.

17                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So, 

18    Mr. President, here we are again.  We have an 

19    area of Lower Manhattan, widely considered to be 

20    one of the most affluent areas of the entire 

21    city, if not the entire state.  Average income 

22    for the households is $345,000.  Median income, 

23    $228,000.  

24                 And we're not talking about helping 

25    people who are trying to make ends meet, trying 


                                                               2024

 1    to support a family on limited income, we're just 

 2    trying to figure out how do we keep affluent 

 3    people living in their homes and in their 

 4    communities in the sponsor's district.

 5                 For context, in the Bronx the median 

 6    household income is $50,000 -- actually, less 

 7    than $50,000.  In Brooklyn, it's less than 

 8    $85,000.  In Queens, less than $85,000.  In 

 9    Staten Island, $95,000.  Manhattan, about 

10    $106,000. 

11                 But we're going to make a decision 

12    in this body that we're going to actually 

13    subsidize or allow for a redistribution in an 

14    authority that is run by New York State for the 

15    benefit of people who are making less than 

16    $187,000.  Mr. President, I think that's bad 

17    public policy.

18                 Now, if we were sitting here talking 

19    about providing relief to people on limited 

20    incomes in some of these other areas that I just 

21    mentioned, yeah, let's have that discussion.  

22    Let's help people who actually need and are 

23    struggling to provide housing for themselves and 

24    their families, struggling to make ends meet.  

25    This isn't it.  


                                                               2025

 1                 So let's substitute Battery Park 

 2    City for Scarsdale or Rye, where the median 

 3    income is $224,000, and this place would probably 

 4    be up in arms.  This is no different.  Why are we 

 5    making an exception?  And why would this body sit 

 6    here and consider making an exception for a very 

 7    specific, very affluent area of New York City?

 8                 For context, area median income or 

 9    average household income in Binghamton, $46,000.  

10    Rochester, $47,000.  Buffalo, $50,000.  Syracuse, 

11    $47,000.  Albany, $60,000.  Yonkers, $85,000.  

12    That's where people need help. 

13                 Sixty percent, 80 percent of AMI, 

14    you want to talk about helping people stay in 

15    their homes, support their families, provide 

16    state resources for it?  Sure, let's have that 

17    discussion.  

18                 You've often heard me talk about, on 

19    this floor, the need for us to means-test 

20    housing.  This is an example.  Why is this the 

21    priority?  At a time when we don't have a budget 

22    yet -- it's April 1st -- at a time when we're 

23    raising spending across the board by nearly 

24    $17 billion year over year, why are we sitting in 

25    this chamber considering a bill that's just going 


                                                               2026

 1    to help some of the most affluent people in 

 2    New York City continue to stay in those very 

 3    homes?  

 4                 If they can't afford it, you know 

 5    what we do?  Many people in my community, we 

 6    downsize.  Many people who lose -- you know, they 

 7    have their families move on, their kids go on, 

 8    they move to an apartment, they downsize to a 

 9    smaller house.  

10                 But with the Battery Park City 

11    Authority, you know what we're going to do?  

12    We're going to provide them with state subsidies 

13    for capital because they need help, because it's 

14    a special place and it's an authority.

15                 But think about what we're doing 

16    here.  You want to talk about developers and 

17    incentivizing developers to build more housing?  

18    Sure.  We've got to give them a set-aside of up 

19    to 120 percent, 125 percent.  

20                 But when we talk about affordable 

21    housing, certainly in my district, and we go and 

22    seek help, whether it's a PILOT or something 

23    else, it's 80 percent.  Sometimes it's 

24    60 percent.  But I guess when we go into areas of 

25    New York City, it's 150 percent.  


                                                               2027

 1                 And yet we come back in here time 

 2    and time again and talk about the affordability 

 3    crisis and the need we have to get together and 

 4    make a difference for those people who are 

 5    struggling to make ends meet -- this isn't them.

 6                 So, Mr. President, I'll be voting 

 7    no.  I've got to tell you, I know that we're 

 8    going to hear about how this is all 

 9    self-enclosed, that they're actually going to be 

10    redistributing it themselves.  That this is 

11    actually a subsidy that doesn't involve any 

12    expense for the taxpayers.  

13                 It's a state authority.  The state 

14    set it up.  The state structured it.  Just a 

15    couple of years ago we were here talking about 

16    the need for capital.  We were all asked to 

17    support a bill to put money into the Battery 

18    Park Authority in order to pay for capital 

19    improvements.  

20                 But here we are.  They must be 

21    flush, because they have the ability and the 

22    extra money to actually provide for this.

23                 So come from a community where the 

24    average income is $50,000 or $60,000?  Ask 

25    yourself why this is necessary and why you would 


                                                               2028

 1    possibly vote for something like this.  You're 

 2    probably all going to vote for it anyway, but 

 3    think about it.

 4                 I vote nay.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Are there 

 6    any other Senators wishing to be heard?

 7                 Seeing and hearing none, debate is 

 8    now closed.

 9                 The Secretary will ring the bell.

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

11    we've agreed to restore this bill to the 

12    noncontroversial calendar.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

14    will be restored to the noncontroversial 

15    calendar.

16                 Read the last section.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

18    act shall take effect immediately.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

20    roll.

21                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

23    Helming to explain her vote.

24                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you, 

25    Mr. President.


                                                               2029

 1                 The bill before us creates a housing 

 2    rebate that's limited to certain homeowners and 

 3    renters in one small area of New York City.  But 

 4    the reality, as we all know, is housing 

 5    affordability isn't just a Battery Park issue, 

 6    it's a statewide issue.

 7                 Like so many people in this chamber, 

 8    I've heard the concerns from our young people who 

 9    are struggling to afford to buy or to rent their 

10    first home.  And I've heard from so many seniors 

11    who are worried about being forced out of their 

12    lifelong homes because of the state mandates that 

13    are driving up property taxes and utility costs.

14                 But the good news, Mr. President, is 

15    I have a housing affordability package that 

16    includes real solutions to make housing more 

17    affordable and more attainable for people across 

18    the entire state.  

19                 Legislation that includes help for 

20    first-time homebuyers, incentivizes new 

21    construction, offsets the infrastructure costs 

22    needed to build new homes -- you know, 

23    Mr. President, you and I in our districts are 

24    struggling with the lack of electric capacity.  

25                 Legislation that encourages the 


                                                               2030

 1    renovation of existing properties by providing 

 2    relief from increasing property assessments.  

 3                 These are real, practical, statewide 

 4    solutions to reduce costs and expand housing 

 5    opportunities, and I am frustrated that they've 

 6    been sitting in committees for years.  These are 

 7    good solutions that should be considered.

 8                 The bill before us does not consider 

 9    statewide impact, so for that reason I vote no.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

11    Helming to be recorded in the negative.

12                 Senator Gianaris to explain his 

13    vote.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you, 

15    Mr. President.  

16                 I was quite heartened to hear 

17    Senator Martins' assault on those who are doing 

18    too well in this state and in fact have no need 

19    for government assistance.  In fact, if I'm not 

20    mistaken, his district is one of the wealthiest 

21    in the state.  

22                 And so I would encourage him to be 

23    consistent with what he just said and support 

24    what we are trying to do and actually ask for 

25    more from those people.  


                                                               2031

 1                 If he's so concerned that there are 

 2    people who are doing so well that we shouldn't 

 3    think about what they might need -- they're 

 4    flush, I think was the word that he used -- he 

 5    represents many, many flush New Yorkers.  And 

 6    perhaps the best way to deal with the problem 

 7    that he identified is to ask them to give a 

 8    little more so we can truly help those who are 

 9    genuinely in need in this state.

10                 I vote yes, Mr. President.  Thank 

11    you.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

13    Gianaris to be recorded in the affirmative.

14                 Senator Kavanagh to explain his 

15    vote.

16                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Thank you, 

17    Mr. President.  

18                 I just wanted to clarify a few of 

19    the things that have been said here on the floor 

20    today.

21                 First of all, on the notion that the 

22    state is subsidizing the Battery Park City 

23    Authority and the capital subsidies were proposed 

24    for improvements to Battery Park City, the 

25    capital subsidies that we have authorized but not 


                                                               2032

 1    paid for, through state law, are to do the very 

 2    expensive resiliency projects that are intended 

 3    to protect all of Lower Manhattan from the kind 

 4    of catastrophic damage that we saw during Sandy.

 5                  This -- in order to protect 

 6    Lower Manhattan, we need to basically address the 

 7    waterfront all the way around, basically for all 

 8    of my district, but down the Hudson River, around 

 9    the Battery, and up the East Side.  

10                 And the City of New York, mostly 

11    through city capital dollars, are spending many 

12    billions of dollars to do that.  And what we 

13    authorized is the Battery Park City to borrow 

14    money against its own revenue -- not the 

15    state's -- which is mostly generated by rents 

16    paid for by the people who live in that space, 

17    who then are going to pay back the bonds for 

18    capital subsidies that will do the resilience 

19    projects necessary to prevent catastrophic 

20    flooding throughout Lower Manhattan, as we saw in 

21    Sandy.

22                 There is not a substantial amount of 

23    state subsidy going into Battery Park City in 

24    general.  In fact, very nearly -- like I can't 

25    think of a state taxpayer subsidy that goes 


                                                               2033

 1    directly to Battery Park City.

 2                 The second thing is just -- and I 

 3    referenced this before, but all of the surplus 

 4    revenue of the Battery Park City Authority goes 

 5    to the City of New York.  So if you're worried 

 6    your taxpayers will be paying for any portion of 

 7    this, this is entirely going to be a financial 

 8    transaction that will address -- will have a very 

 9    minor increase in the city's revenue and no 

10    increase in the tax burden of any New Yorker who 

11    doesn't live in New York City.

12                 The total estimated cost of a bill 

13    like this, it varies, because it's hard to know 

14    how many people will take it up and how many 

15    people will be eligible.  But roughly we're 

16    talking about the Battery Park City Authority 

17    waiving about half a million dollars in rent 

18    payments.  

19                 These are ground rent payments.  

20    They still will pay rent on their apartments.  

21    They'll pay payments in lieu of taxes, they'll 

22    pay other things.  They will not pay an increase 

23    in the ground rent that their building pays -- 

24    which are going up very rapidly because, as my 

25    colleague noted, Manhattan has become a very 


                                                               2034

 1    desirable place to live in recent years.  

 2                 Most of the people who are 

 3    recipients of this are people who went to 

 4    Battery Park City when it was not such a 

 5    desirable place.  The people who are 

 6    recipients -- when you make $140,000 in my 

 7    district, you are not a wealthy person.  Sorry, 

 8    but the figure is slightly larger than that.

 9                 But the kinds of people that are 

10    paying this are teachers, they are firefighters, 

11    they are people making what we consider 

12    middle-class incomes.  

13                 The idea that somehow it would be 

14    beneficial to people in the Bronx to price those 

15    people out so that the millionaires my colleagues 

16    are talking about can move into their apartments, 

17    is an odd one, to say the least.  

18                 For perspective, the Battery Park 

19    City Authority's operating revenue is 

20    $445 million a year.  Again, a great percentage 

21    of that goes directly to the City of New York.  

22    And again, the total cost of this bill would vary 

23    somewhere in the range of half a million to a 

24    million dollars a year, or about $1 or $2 per 

25    thousand dollars of revenue of the Battery Park 


                                                               2035

 1    City Authority.

 2                 So this is not going to break the 

 3    bank.  It is subsidizing middle-class people.  I, 

 4    for one, think it's important that we continue to 

 5    make sure middle-class people can live in all of 

 6    our neighborhoods, not just on the outskirts of 

 7    our cities.  

 8                 And I vote aye.  Thank you.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

10    Kavanagh to be recorded in the affirmative.

11                 Senator Martins to explain his vote.

12                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you, 

13    Mr. President.  

14                 I do represent what I consider to be 

15    the best district in New York State, the 

16    Northern Shore of Nassau County.  And yes, 

17    Senator Gianaris, it is an affluent district and 

18    it has wealth there.  

19                 But this bill doesn't involve the 

20    North Shore of Nassau County, Mr. President.  It 

21    involves Battery Park City.  

22                 And if we're going to talk about 

23    paying their share, I can tell you that the 

24    hundred billion dollars in additional state 

25    spending that has been imposed on all 


                                                               2036

 1    New Yorkers, including the people in my district, 

 2    by the Majority in this house over the last 

 3    eight years is significant.  That's $100 billion 

 4    that was pulled out of the New York State 

 5    economy, including the residents of my district.  

 6                 So yes, they have contributed -- 

 7    probably more than they should, but so has each 

 8    and every one of your community members.  Every 

 9    person, when you do the math, is paying.  Every 

10    person is paying $5,000-plus more per year today 

11    because of the additional spending that this 

12    state has incurred over the last eight years.  A 

13    family of four, between $20,000 and $25,000.  

14                 So yes, Senator Gianaris, they are 

15    paying.  My district, your district, every other 

16    district.  And that's why I'm opposing it, and I 

17    continue to oppose the incredible increases that 

18    are being suggested by this body, irresponsible 

19    increases that are being supported by this 

20    Majority.  

21                 And I continue to vote no on this 

22    bill.

23                 Thank you, Mr. President.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

25    Martins to be recorded in the negative.


                                                               2037

 1                 Senator Salazar to explain her vote.

 2                 SENATOR SALAZAR:   Thank you, 

 3    Mr. President.

 4                 I wanted to speak a little bit to 

 5    this idea that there should be more means-testing 

 6    in affordable housing.  We already of course use 

 7    means-testing quite a lot in affordable housing 

 8    policy.  We use it for Section 8 vouchers.  We 

 9    use means-testing in determining eligibility to 

10    live in public housing, to live in other projects 

11    that have an affordability component.  

12                 Means-testing in even broader 

13    strokes, such as when a renter applies for a 

14    rent-stabilized apartment or seeks to live in 

15    rent-regulated housing, is bad public policy.  

16                 Practically speaking, it would be a 

17    nightmare to actually implement.  But it would 

18    also serve to exclude more people from housing in 

19    a time when we should absolutely not be 

20    interested in doing that.  But also, it does 

21    nothing to increase housing supply.  

22                 And to this idea that we have 

23    rent-stabilized or rent-regulated renters who are 

24    wealthy Manhattanites exploiting the system, 

25    we -- based on 2023 data from the Furman Center, 


                                                               2038

 1    we know that the median rent-stabilized household 

 2    income in New York City is about $50,000 to 

 3    $55,000 annually.  That is not a wealthy person, 

 4    certainly not in New York City.  And they are 

 5    demonstrably typically very rent-burdened.

 6                 So I really appreciate 

 7    Senator Kavanagh's commitment to Battery Park 

 8    City residents and also to ensuring that we have 

 9    permanently affordable housing in New York City 

10    and in our state.  

11                 Thanks.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

13    Salazar to be recorded in the affirmative.

14                 Announce the results.

15                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

16    Calendar 583, voting in the negative are 

17    Senators Ashby, Borrello, Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, 

18    Chan, Gallivan, Griffo, Helming, Lanza, Martins, 

19    Mattera, Murray, Oberacker, O'Mara, Ortt, 

20    Palumbo, Rhoads, Rolison, Stec, Tedisco, Walczyk, 

21    Weber and Weik.  

22                 Ayes, 38.  Nays, 22.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

24    is passed.

25                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 


                                                               2039

 1    605, Senate Print 8046A, by Senator Bynoe, an act 

 2    to amend the Emergency Tenant Protection Act.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 4    Martins, why do you rise?  

 5                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Mr. President, if 

 6    the sponsor would yield for a few questions.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 8    sponsor yield? 

 9                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes, Mr. President.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.  

12                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you.  Thank 

13    you, Senator Bynoe.

14                 Can you tell us -- how many units 

15    are we talking about that would be covered by 

16    this bill outside of New York City?

17                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

18    Mr. President, I don't have the number of units.

19                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

20    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

21    yield.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

23    sponsor yield? 

24                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 


                                                               2040

 1    sponsor yields.

 2                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So has this bill 

 3    been introduced at the request of DHCR?  

 4                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

 5    Mr. President, no.

 6                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

 7    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

 8    yield.  

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

10    sponsor yield?  Does the sponsor yield?

11                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

13    sponsor yields.

14                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So does DHCR 

15    support the bill?  Have they indicated or have 

16    you asked them whether or not they support 

17    committing resources from DHCR in this way?  

18                 SENATOR BYNOE:   No, I did not -- 

19    sorry.  Through you, Mr. President, I did not 

20    confer with DHCR.

21                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, if the sponsor will continue to 

23    yield.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

25    sponsor yield? 


                                                               2041

 1                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.  

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    sponsor yields.

 4                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So do you have or 

 5    have you calculated how much additional funding 

 6    would be necessary through DHCR for them to be 

 7    able to do this level of enforcement on units 

 8    outside of New York City?

 9                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

10    Mr. President, we have requested that DHCR review 

11    up to 5 percent of those units outside of 

12    New York City, and we have estimated around 

13    $5 million for that activity.

14                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

15    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

16    yield.  

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

18    sponsor yield?

19                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

21    sponsor yields.

22                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So would that be 

23    $5 million in addition to what they spend right 

24    now currently on doing IAI enforcement?  Or would 

25    that be $5 million total for DHCR to do that, 


                                                               2042

 1    including the units that they have in New York 

 2    City?

 3                 SENATOR BYNOE:   It would be 

 4    $5 million additional.  

 5                 Through you, Mr. President, I'm 

 6    sorry.  Through you, Mr. President.

 7                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

 8    Mr. President, if the sponsor will continue to 

 9    yield.  

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

11    sponsor yield? 

12                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

14    sponsor yields.

15                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Are you aware 

16    that the current budget for DHCR for this is 

17    about $5.6 million in last year's budget and 

18    continues to be about $5.6 million in this year's 

19    budget -- that is, not only in the Governor's 

20    proposed budget but in the Senate one-house, for 

21    all of their IAI inspections in the city, outside 

22    of the city, all in, $5.6 million for this work?

23                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President.  What I am aware of is that in the 

25    Village of Hempstead, the landlords in that space 


                                                               2043

 1    have been alleged to have provided improvements 

 2    that did not materialize.  So much so that the 

 3    Rent Guidelines Board in Nassau County did not 

 4    allow for increases in the Village of Hempstead.  

 5                 And the conditions that were 

 6    illustrated and exemplified by residents in the 

 7    Village of Hempstead were in poor conditions, 

 8    they were in squalor, there was evidence of 

 9    rodent infestation, hazards in terms of 

10    electrical appliances and the like.

11                 So this is in the interest of safety 

12    for the residents that are residing in those 

13    rent-regulated apartments.  It's a matter of 

14    ensuring that we detect incidences of willful 

15    overcharging, and it's in the interest of making 

16    sure that we deter bad actors from preying on 

17    people who are reliant on them for the assurance 

18    of decent and affordable housing.

19                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

20    Mr. President, if the sponsor will continue to 

21    yield.  

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

23    sponsor yield?

24                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 


                                                               2044

 1    sponsor yields.

 2                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Aside from the 

 3    community or the Village of Hempstead, I 

 4    understand there are other communities not only 

 5    in Nassau County but also in Westchester County 

 6    and others, and villages and cities that have 

 7    rent-stabilized units.  

 8                 And so this 5 percent figure that 

 9    you have for units outside of New York City, 

10    without a sense of how many units those are, do 

11    you have a calculation of how many people you 

12    would need or DHCR would need to have in order to 

13    conduct an audit of those units sufficient to be 

14    able to meet the need of this bill?

15                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President.  It would be the requirement of 

17    the division to create the programmatic 

18    guidelines and to be able to fulfill the 

19    obligations of this bill.

20                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

22    yield.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

24    sponsor yield? 

25                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.


                                                               2045

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 2    sponsor yields.

 3                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Has there been a 

 4    commitment made to fund the budget to provide the 

 5    resources necessary in order to be able to -- for 

 6    DHCR to be able to hire people sufficient to be 

 7    able to do the task?  

 8                 Or -- or is DHCR going to be 

 9    expected to take those people who are currently 

10    doing this work from the work perhaps within 

11    New York City and dedicate those resources 

12    outside of New York City in order to meet the 

13    needs of this bill?

14                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

15    Mr. President.  In response to the question 

16    regarding whether they would have to shift their 

17    resources within the division to be able to 

18    achieve this, again, we will leave -- they're a 

19    capable agency that we will rely on to carry out 

20    the programmatic and procedural requirements of 

21    this bill.

22                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you.  

23                 Through you, Mr. President, if the 

24    sponsor will continue to yield.  

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 


                                                               2046

 1    sponsor yield?  

 2                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 4    sponsor yields.

 5                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So as I 

 6    understand it, the purpose of the bill is that 

 7    there's audits every time a unit is -- 

 8    improvements are made to an individual unit.  

 9                 Are you familiar with the audit 

10    process, how these audits are conducted and 

11    whether or not currently those audits include 

12    visits to the unit itself or whether it's a 

13    review of paperwork that is submitted to DHCR?  

14                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

15    Mr. President.  Currently there isn't a 

16    requirement for physical inspection.  This bill 

17    would require the physical inspection of those 

18    units.

19                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you.  

20                 Through you, Mr. President, if the 

21    sponsor would continue to yield.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

23    sponsor yield?

24                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 


                                                               2047

 1    sponsor yields.

 2                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through the bill 

 3    there's a determination of willfulness in terms 

 4    of an unsubstantiated claim being interpreted as 

 5    being willful.

 6                 Before there's a determination, is 

 7    there an opportunity for the property owner to 

 8    supplement, provide further information or, if 

 9    there's a discrepancy in the document itself, 

10    that that will actually trigger the additional 

11    inspections that -- to all of the other units 

12    that they have?  

13                 So what -- where is that trigger 

14    specifically, if you could.  

15                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President.  Again, it will be the requirement 

17    of the division to determine whether there is a 

18    willful act or there is in some, you know, other 

19    means a discrepancy that was inadvertent, they 

20    will determine what threshold would determine 

21    whether someone was willfully overcharging.

22                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

23    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

24    yield.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 


                                                               2048

 1    sponsor yield? 

 2                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 4    sponsor yields.

 5                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So just to be 

 6    clear, the language of the bill says if the audit 

 7    finds that the recoverable costs claimed by the 

 8    landlord cannot be substantiated, the resulting 

 9    overcharge shall be considered to be willful.

10                 And so to be clear, and just so we 

11    can create the record, there is then the 

12    opportunity for the landlord to supplement, 

13    provide resources or provide additional 

14    information before there is a determination of 

15    willfulness.  

16                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

17    Mr. President, yes.  The division would need to 

18    create a process to which a landlord would be 

19    able to ask for an appeal or provide supplemental 

20    information.

21                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, if the sponsor will continue to 

23    yield.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

25    sponsor yield?  


                                                               2049

 1                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    sponsor yields.  

 4                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So I'm glad you 

 5    brought up the appeal aspect of it, because 

 6    naturally it's going to be my next question.

 7                 What is the appeal process?  So if 

 8    there's a disagreement between the person 

 9    conducting the audit and the landlord such that 

10    they believe that they have provided the 

11    information but the interpretation of DHCR is 

12    that they haven't, to whom do they appeal?

13                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President.  The division would create the 

15    policies and procedures that would be required 

16    based on this law.

17                 So they would actually be able to 

18    detail that specifically so that each landlord 

19    would understand their opportunity for 

20    due process.

21                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

23    yield.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

25    sponsor yield? 


                                                               2050

 1                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    sponsor yields.

 4                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So just so we 

 5    understand this, the -- DHCR would itself decide 

 6    the appeal?  

 7                 So the appeal would effectively be 

 8    to DHCR or someone in DHCR, perhaps a supervisor 

 9    or someone else, but effectively would remain 

10    within the agency to make that determination and 

11    not someone outside of the agency to take an 

12    appeal.

13                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President, correct.

15                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

17    yield.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

19    sponsor yield? 

20                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

22    sponsor yields.

23                 SENATOR MARTINS:   And so if there 

24    is a determination that it was willful, and they 

25    took an appeal and it was confirmed that it was 


                                                               2051

 1    willful, this bill would require, then, DHCR to 

 2    do a search of all of the properties that that 

 3    particular owner had outside of New York City, 

 4    right?  

 5                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Correct.  Or 

 6    through you -- sorry, Mr. President.  Through 

 7    you, correct.

 8                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

 9    Mr. President, if the sponsor would continue to 

10    yield.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

12    sponsor yield?

13                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Yes.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

15    sponsor yields.

16                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So I know that 

17    there are 1.2 million rent-stabilized units 

18    within New York City.  And I know that DHCR has 

19    this responsibility to audit those units within 

20    New York City with a budget line of 

21    $5.67 million, and of that, the personnel line is 

22    only $2.7 million.  

23                 So with those many units inside of 

24    New York City and the limited number of units 

25    outside of New York City -- I believe that in the 


                                                               2052

 1    Village of Hempstead it's probably about 

 2    6500 units, and I believe that in places like 

 3    Garden City Plaza in the Village of Mineola and 

 4    some other villages within our respective 

 5    districts, you know, there may be other 

 6    rent-stabilized housing units.  

 7                 Do you have concerns whether DHCR is 

 8    going to have the means, resources, personnel and 

 9    the mechanisms to be able to effectively 

10    implement this bill, if it's passed, and whether 

11    or not that would come at the expense of being 

12    able to do it in other parts of the state where 

13    it currently provides those services?

14                 SENATOR BYNOE:   Through you, 

15    Mr. President, we are currently in a budget 

16    process, and this is an opportunity for us to 

17    have those discussions and vet out the ability 

18    for the division to be able to carry out these 

19    activities, and what funds would be required.

20                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Mr. President, 

21    thank you.  Senator Bynoe, thank you.

22                 On the bill.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

24    Martins on the bill.

25                 SENATOR MARTINS:   I want to 


                                                               2053

 1    thank -- I want to thank the sponsor for the 

 2    bill.  I want to thank the sponsor for this 

 3    attempt.  But Mr. President, I'm concerned that 

 4    the bill, frankly, misses the mark.  

 5                 If we're going to go down this road 

 6    and we're going to hold bad actors responsible, I 

 7    think absolutely, I'm with you a hundred percent, 

 8    let's go after those landlords who are not 

 9    providing proper housing and resources and let's 

10    make sure we hold them accountable.  But let's 

11    make sure that DHCR has the wherewithal and the 

12    ability to do just that.

13                 You know, when we talk about 

14    5 percent of the units, we talk about then 

15    willfulness and then triggering even more 

16    inspections -- you know, by my estimation, if you 

17    have a personnel line in a budget of a little 

18    over $2 million, I think that accounts for about 

19    20 people.  

20                 If we have those 20 people doing 

21    inspections right now, the bulk of 

22    rent-stabilized housing in the state is in 

23    New York City, and they're expected to do it 

24    statewide, not just in New York City.  And now 

25    we're going to dedicate resources outside of the 


                                                               2054

 1    city to other places and require actual on-site 

 2    inspections and then require, in the event of 

 3    willfulness, that they have to do further 

 4    inspections of all those other units -- it's not 

 5    going to happen for the $5.7 million that's in 

 6    the budget.  

 7                 And I haven't seen the one-house 

 8    from this Majority adjust it to account for the 

 9    additional resources and funds that are going to 

10    be necessary to actually make this work.  

11                 So I would urge my colleagues who 

12    are concerned, hopefully as much as I am, that 

13    there may be resources out there that need to be 

14    targeted somewhere, put it here.  And don't just 

15    vote on a bill in order to require DHCR to go do 

16    something without putting the resources behind it 

17    that's necessary for that to happen.

18                 I would ask that you consider also, 

19    target those bad actors that are out there.  

20    Understand that if there is a discrepancy in 

21    documentation that's provided, make sure that 

22    that documentation is substantiated and warrants 

23    it.  Because there is no criteria here.  It could 

24    be an inconsequential amount, or it could be a 

25    significant amount.  


                                                               2055

 1                 But the reality I think we all 

 2    should arrive at, all of us, is that we want to 

 3    incentivize property owners and landlords to 

 4    actually maintain their buildings.  We want to 

 5    give them the opportunity, through policy, to be 

 6    able to invest back in their buildings.  

 7                 And to have that discussion we have 

 8    to kind of look at policies that have been passed 

 9    in this chamber that have made it difficult, if 

10    not sometimes impossible, for landlords to make 

11    ends meet.

12                 Hold them accountable.  But let's 

13    reevaluate some of the policies that have been 

14    passed in this chamber.  The difficult process 

15    that we put before our landlords for removing 

16    tenants, and how long it takes for them to do so 

17    not receiving rents at all, and the cost that 

18    that has to a landlord in their ability to 

19    reinvest in those buildings as well.  

20                 Now, we all think -- or at least 

21    some people in this chamber think that anyone who 

22    owns a building has got to be rich.  They've got 

23    to be filthy rich, Mr. President.  And so they've 

24    got money, they can absorb the hit from not being 

25    able to collect rent from tenants.  


                                                               2056

 1                 But the reality is they collect 

 2    those rents and the good ones, or even the 

 3    average ones, invest back in those buildings.  No 

 4    one has an interest in owning a building and 

 5    watching it fall apart.

 6                 But we create policies in this 

 7    chamber that prevent people and landlords from 

 8    being able to actually collect those rents and 

 9    reinvest them.

10                 So let's analyze that.  Let's take a 

11    look at the things we're doing from a policy 

12    standpoint that are preventing our landlords from 

13    doing it.  

14                 I had a landlord recently ask me a 

15    question.  And maybe, Mr. President, 

16    rhetorically, everyone can maybe consider this 

17    and think about it.  But, you know, they asked:  

18    What if I have a tenant, and I do -- this person 

19    did -- had a tenant in a building that was up all 

20    night making noise, bringing people in and out, 

21    disrupting the other tenants, and the landlord 

22    couldn't get them out of the building because of 

23    laws that have been passed in this chamber.  

24                 Now, the landlord in this case 

25    didn't live in the building, Mr. President, but 


                                                               2057

 1    he couldn't get that person out, which affected 

 2    all the other tenants in the building, who then 

 3    decided not to pay rent because their enjoyment 

 4    and use of their building and their units had 

 5    been compromised.  

 6                 And so now this landlord had a 

 7    problem.  Because of policies and laws that were 

 8    passed in this chamber, they no longer had the 

 9    ability to collect rents.  And if they did, and 

10    if they wanted to enforce those rights, we've 

11    made it so difficult that it takes months if not 

12    years to actually go through landlord-tenant 

13    court to have somebody removed.

14                 So if we're going to talk about 

15    reinvesting in buildings and maintaining 

16    buildings and making sure that buildings are 

17    adequately maintained, let's consider those 

18    things that have been done to make it difficult 

19    on our landlords and our property owners in order 

20    to maintain those buildings as well.

21                 So, Mr. President, I'll be voting no 

22    on this bill.  

23                 I am willing and looking forward to 

24    working with the sponsor to figure out ways we 

25    can actually hold bad actors accountable.  But 


                                                               2058

 1    I'd also like to work with the sponsor and my 

 2    colleagues in this chamber to come up with ways 

 3    that we can change the bad policies that have 

 4    been passed in this chamber that have impacted 

 5    our own property owners and prevented them from 

 6    actually being able to make ends meet and make 

 7    the resources available.  

 8                 And sure, if there are people out 

 9    there who are taking advantage of the system, 

10    target them.  But unfortunately, the policies in 

11    this chamber, Mr. President, have consistently 

12    been written with a broad brush.  Which means 

13    we've impacted every property owner, the good and 

14    the bad.  And that's a shame.

15                 Because we're now seeing the results 

16    of those policies.  Each and every day we see 

17    another bill or another effort where people come 

18    up here and protest the fact that they have a 

19    conflict with their landlords.  

20                 Let's make good policy.  

21                 I'll vote nay.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Are there 

23    any other Senators wishing to be heard?

24                 Seeing and hearing none, debate is 

25    now closed.


                                                               2059

 1                 The Secretary will ring the bell.

 2                 Senator Gianaris.

 3                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

 4    let's restore this to the noncontroversial 

 5    calendar as well, please.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 7    will be restored to the noncontroversial 

 8    calendar.

 9                 Read the last section.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 4.  This 

11    act shall take effect immediately.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

13    roll.

14                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

16    Kavanagh to explain his vote.

17                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Thank you, 

18    Mr. President.  

19                 I just wanted to rise, I'd 

20    especially like to thank and compliment the 

21    sponsor on a very important piece of legislation 

22    today.  

23                 You know, individual apartment 

24    improvements have historically been a real source 

25    of risk of improper rent increases and in some 


                                                               2060

 1    cases, well-documented cases, fraud.

 2                 This bill is a very, very reasonable 

 3    and modest response to that.  Roughly speaking, 

 4    outside of New York City there are something on 

 5    the order of 120, maybe 130 or 140 IAI 

 6    applications per year.  There may be roughly per 

 7    year, in all of Nassau County, about 20 such 

 8    applications.  

 9                 This bill would require 5 percent of 

10    those applications to be audited by HCR.  And in 

11    the event they find the landlord to be 

12    overstating the cost of their own improvements, 

13    and using that to increase people's rent, there 

14    would then be a penalty of -- the normal penalty 

15    that applies when people overcharge their tenants 

16    willfully.

17                 So again, this is a modest -- we've 

18    done a lot to address concerns about IAIs in 

19    recent years.  This bill is another very positive 

20    step forward.  And from, you know, working for 

21    many years with HCR, I believe this is a bill 

22    that they would have ample resources to 

23    implement.  

24                 And this is also a bill that went 

25    through the Housing Committee.  I know most 


                                                               2061

 1    members of both houses, both sides of the aisle, 

 2    have voted for this bill in the past, and I urge 

 3    them to continue to support this just to make 

 4    sure that the system continues to have the 

 5    efficacy that we all need to make it work 

 6    effectively.

 7                 And on that, I vote aye.  

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 9    Kavanagh to be recorded in the affirmative.

10                 Announce the results.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

12    Calendar 605, voting in the negative are 

13    Senators Borrello, Canzoneri-Fitzpatrick, Chan, 

14    Griffo, Helming, Lanza, Martins, Mattera, Murray, 

15    O'Mara, Ortt, Palumbo, Rhoads, Stec, Tedisco, 

16    Walczyk, Weber and Weik.

17                 Ayes, 42.  Nays, 18.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

19    is passed.

20                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

21    reading of today's controversial calendar.

22                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Is there any 

23    further business at the desk?

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There is 

25    no further business at the desk.


                                                               2062

 1                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I move to 

 2    adjourn until Tuesday, April 7th, at 

 3    11:00 a.m. -- early start time next week, 

 4    colleagues -- intervening days being legislative 

 5    days.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   On 

 7    motion, the Senate stands adjourned until 

 8    Tuesday, April 7th, at 11:00 a.m., with the 

 9    intervening days being legislative days.

10                 (Whereupon, at 1:05 p.m., the Senate 

11    adjourned.)

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