What's happening
This bill establishes state regulation, disclosure, licensing, and consumer protections for third-party consumer litigation funding transactions in New York.
Why it matters
Stronger consumer protections and transparency. The bill imposes strict disclosure requirements and contract standards, ensuring consumers fully understand the costs, terms, and risks of litigation funding. It mandates clear, plain-language contracts, itemization of all charges, and bold, prominent warnings, addressing concerns about predatory or confusing practices.
Limits on costs and industry practices. It caps the maximum charges a funding company can collect to 25% of the gross proceeds from a legal claim (if properly disclosed), bans prepayment penalties, and prohibits conflicts of interest and kickbacks between funders, lawyers, and medical providers. These limits aim to prevent excessive costs and self-dealing that can erode a consumer’s recovery.
New licensing, oversight, and reporting. All litigation funding companies must register with the state, meet “character and fitness” standards, and post bonds or letters of credit. They must also file annual reports of business activity, allowing regulators to monitor the industry and enforce compliance. This could result in weeding out unscrupulous actors and better data on the industry’s impact.
Preserves legal process and attorney-client privilege. The bill ensures funders cannot influence litigation decisions or settlement amounts, protecting consumers’ control over their cases and their lawyers’ independent judgment. It also expressly keeps communications between a consumer’s attorney and the funder within attorney-client privilege, reducing the risk of waiving crucial legal protections.
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Who cares
Headline styles
Regulate Lawsuit Funding Firms
Plain English, a few words. Used as the page title.
Sponsors
History
- Substituted by A804C
- Amended on third reading 1104a
- Vote reconsidered - restored to third reading
- Returned to senate
- Recalled from assembly
- Referred to consumer affairs and protection
- Delivered to assembly
- Passed senateVote 61–0
- Advanced to third reading
- 2nd report cal.
- 1st report cal.316
- Referred to consumer protection
Companion bill
The same bill in the other chamber. A bill becomes law when one version passes both houses and the governor signs it, so either number can carry it.
Regulate Lawsuit Loans
Signed by Governor · Sponsor William Magnarelli
Full text
7 pagesUnderlined is new[Struck] is removedOfficial text on nysenate.gov ↗
STATE OF NEW YORK
1104--A Cal. No. 316
2025-2026 Regular Sessions
IN SENATE
January 8, 2025
Introduced by Sens. COONEY, BORRELLO, HELMING, MYRIE, PALUMBO, RHOADS, SEPULVEDA -- read twice and ordered printed, and when printed to be committed to the Committee on Consumer Protection -- reported favorably from said committee, ordered to first and second report, ordered to a third reading, passed by Senate and delivered to the Assembly, recalled, vote reconsidered, restored to third reading, amended and ordered reprinted, retaining its place in the order of third reading
AN ACT to amend the general business law, in relation to consumer litigation funding
The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows:
Section 1. Short title. This act shall be known and may be cited as the "consumer litigation funding act".
§ 2. Legislative intent. In an effort to promote consumer protections related to consumer litigation funding transactions, this act establishes that such transactions should be subject to state regulation and sets forth requirements regarding disclosure, licensing, funding company and attorney responsibilities and limitations, violations and other items.
§ 3. The general business law is amended by adding a new article 39-H to read as follows:
ARTICLE 39-H
THIRD PARTY LITIGATION FINANCING Section 899-ccc. Definitions.
899-ddd. Contract requirements; right of rescission.
899-eee. Prohibitions and charge limitations.
899-fff. Repayment.
899-ggg. Disclosures.
899-hhh. Violations.
899-iii. Assignability; liens.
899-jjj. Effect of communication on privileges.
EXPLANATION--Matter in italics (underscored) is new; matter in brackets
[ ] is old law to be omitted.
LBD00080-07-5
899-kkk. Registration.
899-lll. Reporting.
899-mmm. Severability.
§ 899-ccc. Definitions. As used in this article, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
1. "Advertise" means publishing or disseminating any written, oral, electronic or printed communication or any communication by means of recorded telephone messages or transmitted or broadcast on radio, television, the internet or similar communications media, including audio recordings, film strips, motion pictures and videos, published, disseminated, circulated or placed before the public, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of inducing a consumer to enter into a consumer litigation funding.
2. "Charges" means the amount of money to be paid to the consumer litigation funding company by or on behalf of the consumer, above the funded amount provided by or on behalf of the company to a New York consumer pursuant to this article. Charges include all administrative, origination, underwriting or other fees, including interest, no matter how denominated.
3. "Consumer litigation funding" means a non-recourse transaction in which a consumer litigation funding company purchases and a consumer assigns to the company a contingent right to receive an amount of the potential proceeds of a settlement, judgment, award, or verdict obtained in the consumer's legal claim.
4. "Consumer litigation funding company" or "company" means a person or entity that enters into a consumer litigation funding contract of no more than five hundred thousand dollars with a consumer. This term shall not include:
(a) an immediate family member of the consumer;
(b) a bank, lender, financing entity, or other special purpose entity:
(i) that provides financing to a consumer litigation funding company; or
(ii) to which a consumer litigation funding company grants a security interest or transfers any rights or interest in a consumer litigation funding; or
(c) an attorney or accountant who provides services to a consumer.
5. "Consumer" means a natural person who has a pending legal claim and who resides or is domiciled in New York.
6. "Funded amount" means the amount of monies provided to, or on behalf of, the consumer in the consumer litigation funding. "Funded amount" excludes charges.
7. "Funding date" means the date on which the funded amount is transferred to the consumer by the consumer litigation funding company either by personal delivery or via wire, ACH or other electronic means or mailed by insured, certified or registered United States mail.
8. "Immediate family member" means a parent; sibling; child by blood, adoption, or marriage; spouse; grandparent; or grandchild.
9. "Legal claim" means a bona fide civil claim or cause of action.
10. "Resolution date" means the date the funded amount, plus the agreed upon charges, are delivered to the consumer litigation funding company by the consumer, the consumer's attorney or otherwise.
§ 899-ddd. Contract requirements; right of rescission. 1. All consumer litigation funding contracts shall meet the following requirements:
(a) a contract shall be written in a clear and coherent manner using words with common, everyday meanings to enable the average consumer who makes a reasonable effort under ordinary circumstances to read and understand the terms of the contract without having to obtain the assistance of a professional;
(b) the contract shall be completely filled in when presented to the consumer for signature;
(c) the contract shall contain, in twelve point bold type font, a right of rescission, allowing the consumer to cancel the contract without penalty or further obligation if, within ten business days after the funding date, the consumer returns to the consumer litigation funding company the full amount of the disbursed funds;
(d) the contract shall contain the initials of the consumer on each page;
(e) a statement that there are no fees or charges to be paid by the consumer other than what is disclosed on the disclosure form;
(f) in the event the consumer seeks more than one litigation funding contract from the same company, a disclosure providing the cumulative amount due from the consumer for all transactions, including charges under all contracts, if repayment is made any time after the contracts are executed;
(g) a statement of the maximum amount the consumer may be obligated to pay under the contract other than in a case of material breach, fraud or misrepresentation by or on behalf of the consumer; and
(h) clear and conspicuous detail of how charges, including any applicable fees, are incurred or accrued.
2. The contract shall contain a written acknowledgement by the attorney retained by the consumer in the legal claim that attests to the following:
(a) the attorney has reviewed the mandatory disclosures in section eight hundred ninety-nine-ggg of this article with the consumer;
(b) the attorney is being paid on a contingency basis pursuant to a written fee agreement;
(c) all proceeds of the legal claim will be disbursed via either the trust account of the attorney or a settlement fund established to receive the proceeds of the legal claim on behalf of the consumer;
(d) the attorney is obligated to disburse funds from the legal claim and take any other steps to ensure that the terms of the litigation funding contract are fulfilled;
(e) the attorney has not received a referral fee or other consideration from the consumer litigation funding company in connection with the consumer litigation funding, nor will the attorney receive such fee or other consideration in the future; and
(f) the attorney in the legal claim has provided no tax, public or private benefit planning, or financial advice regarding this transaction.
3. In the event that the acknowledgement required pursuant to paragraph (c) of subdivision two of this section is not completed by the attorney or firm retained by the consumer in the legal claim, the contract shall be null and void. The contract shall remain valid and enforceable in the event the consumer terminates the initial attorney and/or retains a new attorney with respect to the legal claim.
4. Notwithstanding paragraph b of subdivision three of section 5-501 of the general obligations law, no prepayment penalties or fees shall be charged or collected on consumer litigation funding. A prepayment penalty on consumer litigation funding shall be unenforceable.
§ 899-eee. Prohibitions and charge limitations. 1. Consumer litigation funding companies shall be prohibited from:
(a) paying or offering to pay commissions, referral fees, or other forms of consideration to any attorney, law firm, medical provider, chiropractor or physical therapist or any of their employees for referring a consumer to the company;
(b) accepting any commissions, referral fees, rebates or other forms of consideration from an attorney, law firm, medical provider, chiropractor or physical therapist or any of their employees;
(c) intentionally advertising materially false or misleading information regarding its products or services;
(d) referring, in furtherance of an initial legal funding, a customer or potential customer to a specific attorney, law firm, medical provider, chiropractor or physical therapist or any of their employees; provided, however, if a customer needs legal representation, the company may refer the customer to a local or state bar association referral service;
(e) knowingly providing funding to a consumer who has previously assigned and/or sold a portion of the consumer's right to proceeds from their legal claim without first making payment to and/or purchasing a prior unsatisfied consumer litigation funding company's entire funded amount and contracted charges, unless a lesser amount is otherwise agreed to in writing by the consumer litigation funding companies, except that multiple companies may agree to contemporaneously provide funding to a consumer provided that the consumer and the consumer's attorney consent to the arrangement in writing;
(f) receiving any right to, or making, any decisions with respect to the conduct of the underlying legal claim or any settlement or resolution thereof. The right to make such decisions shall remain solely with the consumer and the attorney in the legal claim;
(g) attempting to obtain a waiver of any remedy or right by the consumer, including but not limited to the right to trial by jury; and
(h) knowingly paying or offering to pay for court costs, filing fees or attorney's fees either during or after the resolution of the legal claim, using funds from the consumer litigation funding transaction.
2. An attorney or law firm retained by the consumer in the legal claim shall not have a financial interest in the consumer litigation funding company offering consumer litigation funding to that consumer.
3. Any attorney who has referred the consumer to their retained attorney shall not have a financial interest in the consumer litigation funding company offering consumer litigation funding to that consumer.
4. The attorney may only disclose privileged information to the consumer litigation funding company with the written consent of the consumer.
5. Provided the consumer's attorney or the consumer provides the consumer litigation funding company with an attestation disclosing the final amount of the gross proceeds from the claim, the maximum allowable charges shall not exceed twenty-five percent of the gross proceeds from the applicable legal claim, regardless of the funded amount provided for the relevant claim.
§ 899-fff. Repayment. The repayment of the funded amount plus charges to be paid to the consumer litigation funding company by the consumer shall be a predetermined amount based upon intervals of time from the funding date through the resolution date, and shall not be determined as a percentage of the recovery from the legal claim.
§ 899-ggg. Disclosures. All consumer litigation funding contracts shall contain the disclosures specified in this section, which shall constitute material terms of the contract. Unless otherwise specified, such disclosures shall be typed in at least twelve point bold type font and be placed clearly and conspicuously within the contract, as follows:
1. On the front page under appropriate headings, language specifying:
(a) the funded amount to be paid to the consumer by the consumer litigation funding company;
(b) an itemization of one-time charges;
(c) the maximum total amount to be assigned by the consumer to the company, including the funded amount and all charges; and
(d) a payment schedule to include the funded amount and charges, listing all dates and the amount due at the end of each one hundred eighty day period from the funding date, until the date the maximum amount due to the company pursuant to the contract is paid.
2. Pursuant to the provisions set forth in this section, within the body of the contract: "Consumer's right to cancellation: you may cancel this contract without penalty or further obligation within ten business days after the funding date if you return to the consumer litigation funding company the full amount of the disbursed funds."
3. The consumer litigation funding company shall have no role in deciding whether, when and how much the legal claim is settled for, however, the consumer and consumer's attorney must notify the company of the outcome of the legal claim by settlement or adjudication prior to the resolution date. The company may seek updated information about the status of the legal claim but in no event shall the company interfere with the independent professional judgement of the attorney in the handling of the legal claim or any settlement thereof.
Reflowed for reading: line numbers and page breaks removed. Cite the official text.
Sponsor's memo
Title of bill
An act to amend the general business law, in relation to consumer liti- gation funding
Purpose
The purpose of this bill is to establish provisions to regulate' the Consumer Litigation Funding Industry in New York State. This bill may be cited as the "Consumer Litigation Funding Act".
Summary of provisions
Section 1 Relates the short title of the bill. Section 2 Clarifies the legislative intent.
Section 3 Amends the general business law by adding a new article, 39-H, which specifies guidelines of regulation as follows:
899-ccc: Provides definitions.
899-ddd: Provides contract requirements including rights of rescission.
899-eee: Sets forth prohibitions. Limits the maximum recovery of the financing company to 25% of the gross recovery of the claim.
899-fff: Clarifies payment schedule of the funded amount and charges from the consumer to the consumer litigation company.
899-ggg: Sets forth necessary disclosure language in contracts.
899-hhh: Provides penalties for violations of this bill.
899-iii: Clarifies assignability of claims.
899-jjj: Provides confidentiality of communications.
899-kkk: Sets forth registration and licensing requirements.
899-111: Sets forth reporting requirements.
899-mmm: Severability clause.
Section 4 sets the effective date.
Justification
Consumer Litigation Financing emerged as an industry in the US in the 1990s. Currently, the industry is not regulated in New York State. As a result, several "bad actors" entered the business, who often acted in bad faith and charged exorbitant fees for the services provided and engaged in other bad practices. The instant legislation provides a set of robust provisions that, if enacted, would tightly regulate the consumer litigation financing industry, and protect consumers of such services.
The bill sets forth the required contract and disclosure requirements to ensure consumers are fully aware of the proposed transaction and imposes a cap on charges that limit the financing companies' recovery to 25% of the gross recovery of the case. A ten-day right of rescission is also included to further protect the consumer. The bill also provides that litigation finance companies must submit a registration application containing all the information that the Department of State needs to evaluate the character, fitness, and financial stability of the appli- cant. Such application must include a suitable bond and be approved by the Department prior to a certificate of registration being issued.
Legislative history
S.41468/A.7655B: of 2023-24: Passed Senate
S.705 of 2021-22
S. 4555/A. 674 of 2019-20: Advanced to Third Reading Calendar
2017-2018: S.9105 passed Senate
Fiscal implications
None.
Effective date
This act shall take effect 180 days after it shall have become a law; provided, however, it shall 11!6t apply or in any way affect or invali- date any consumer litigation funding previously effectuated prior to the effective date of this act.
Summaries, headlines and scores are AI-generated from the official bill text. How we score bills. Source: NYS Open Legislation.