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Wednesday, May 20, 2026

2:54 PMRegular SessionALBANY, NEW YORK
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Analyzing transcript for bills discussed...
                                                               4870

 1                NEW YORK STATE SENATE

 2                          

 3                          

 4               THE STENOGRAPHIC RECORD

 5                          

 6                          

 7                          

 8                          

 9                  ALBANY, NEW YORK

10                    May 20, 2026

11                      2:54 p.m.

12                          

13                          

14                   REGULAR SESSION

15  

16  

17  

18  SENATOR JEREMY COONEY, Acting President

19  ALEJANDRA N. PAULINO, ESQ., Secretary

20  

21  

22  

23  

24  

25  


                                                               4871

 1                P R O C E E D I N G S

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    Senate will come to order.  

 4                 I ask everyone to please rise and 

 5    recite the Pledge of Allegiance.

 6                 (Whereupon, the assemblage recited 

 7    the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag.)

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   I invite 

 9    Monsignor Kevin Sullivan, from Church of 

10    Our Saviour in New York, New York, to join us.  

11                 MONSIGNOR SULLIVAN:   As we begin 

12    this session, let us bow our heads and call to 

13    mind, in addition to being in one another's 

14    presence, we are in God's holy presence.  

15                 Almighty God, we ask Your blessing 

16    upon this New York State Senate.  Bless the work 

17    to foster the common good throughout all the 

18    counties and communities of New York State.

19                 May this body work toward especially 

20    the poor and the vulnerable being protected, 

21    feeling safe, that they may advance further in 

22    their lives.  

23                 On this day when we recognize the 

24    legacy of Dorothy Day, who spent so much time in 

25    Staten Island, may her legacy be an inspiration 


                                                               4872

 1    that we all can change and grow, that we are not 

 2    paralyzed by our past but that we can move in new 

 3    directions as we open ourselves to growth.  And 

 4    as we see new insights, that we continue to build 

 5    upon them.

 6                  May we be like her, passionate and 

 7    perseverant in commitment to our values and our 

 8    beliefs.  But yet may we draw from her 

 9    inspiration, be respectful of those with whom we 

10    disagree, and not be vitriolic in the way we 

11    describe their motives.  

12                 Almighty God, these days we must ask 

13    You to reduce the hate that is in our world.  We 

14    remember in a special way those who were victims 

15    of the shooting in the mosque in San Diego.  We 

16    remember those who are victims of violence at 

17    synagogues in New York and other places.  

18                 And Almighty God, even though we are 

19    in New York State, we ask you to protect those in 

20    other countries, Christians in Nigeria and 

21    elsewhere.  May those who believe in You by 

22    whatever name we call You, not use our belief in 

23    You to spew hate and divisiveness on others.

24                 Safeguard all in New York State:  

25    Our long-term residents who for decades and 


                                                               4873

 1    centuries have given so much to build this great 

 2    state.  And also watch over those newcomers, 

 3    immigrants and refugees, who seek to build a new 

 4    life here and seek safety.  

 5                 And as we draw to the end of May and 

 6    the beginning of June, a special blessing of the 

 7    students of New York State.  May this year be 

 8    finished well.  May their summers be times of 

 9    recreation and refreshment.  

10                 And Almighty God, we ask Your 

11    blessings on all, that we might live worthy of 

12    being made in Your image and likeness.  

13                 And let us all say amen.

14                 (Response of "Amen.")

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Reading 

16    of the Journal.

17                 THE SECRETARY:   In Senate, Tuesday, 

18    May 19, 2026, the Senate met pursuant to 

19    adjournment.  The Journal of Monday, May 18, 

20    2026, was read and approved.  On motion, the 

21    Senate adjourned.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Without 

23    objection, the Journal stands approved as read.

24                 Presentation of petitions.

25                 Messages from the Assembly.


                                                               4874

 1                 Messages from the Governor.

 2                 Reports of standing committees.

 3                 Reports of select committees.

 4                 Communications and reports from 

 5    state officers.

 6                 Motions and resolutions.

 7                 Senator Gianaris.

 8                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Good afternoon, 

 9    Mr. President.  

10                 There will be an immediate meeting 

11    of the Rules Committee in Room 332.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There 

13    will be an immediate meeting of the 

14    Rules Committee in Room 332.

15                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   The Senate will 

16    stand at ease.  

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    Senate will stand at ease.

19                 (Whereupon, the Senate stood at ease 

20    at 2:59 p.m.)

21                 (Whereupon, the Senate reconvened at 

22    3:04 p.m.)

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

24    Senate will return to order.

25                 Senator Gianaris.


                                                               4875

 1                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

 2    there's a report of the Rules Committee at the 

 3    desk.  Please take that up at this time.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 5    Secretary will read.

 6                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator 

 7    Stewart-Cousins, from the Committee on Rules, 

 8    reports the following bill:  

 9                 Senate Print 10544, by 

10    Senator Serrano, an act making appropriations for 

11    the support of government.

12                 The bill reports direct to third 

13    reading.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I move to accept 

15    the report of the Rules Committee.  

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   All those 

17    in favor of accepting the report of the 

18    Rules Committee please signify by saying aye.

19                 (Response of "Aye.")

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Opposed, 

21    nay.

22                 (Response of "Nay.")

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

24    report of the Rules Committee is accepted.

25                 Senator Gianaris.


                                                               4876

 1                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please take up 

 2    the supplemental calendar.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 4    Secretary will read.

 5                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

 6    1283, Senate Print 10544, by Senator Serrano, an 

 7    act making appropriations for the support of 

 8    government.

 9                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Is there a 

10    message of necessity and appropriation at desk?

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There is 

12    a message of necessity and appropriation at the 

13    desk.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I move to accept 

15    the message.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   All those 

17    in favor of accepting the message please signify 

18    by saying aye.  

19                 (Response of "Aye.")

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Opposed, 

21    nay.

22                 (Response of "Nay.")

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

24    message is accepted, and the bill is before the 

25    house.


                                                               4877

 1                 SENATOR LANZA:   Lay it aside.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 3    will be laid aside.

 4                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

 5    reading of the supplemental calendar.

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please go to the 

 7    reading of the controversial supplemental 

 8    calendar.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

10    Secretary will ring the bell.

11                 The Secretary will read.

12                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

13    1283, Senate Print 10544, by Senator Serrano, an 

14    act making appropriations for the support of 

15    government.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

17    O'Mara, why do you rise?  

18                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

19    Mr. President.  Will Senator Serrano yield for 

20    some questions on this extender bill?  

21                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Yes.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will 

23    Senator Serrano yield?  

24                 Senator Serrano yields.

25                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 


                                                               4878

 1    Senator.

 2                 On this 14th extender bill on this 

 3    late budget, how much more are we appropriating 

 4    and through when?

 5                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Through you, 

 6    Mr. President.  Senator O'Mara, this indeed is 

 7    our 14th extender.  It does contain $1.9 billion 

 8    in additional spending, which brings us to a 

 9    total of $33.7 billion through these extenders.  

10    And it does take us through Tuesday, May 26th.

11                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

12    Senator.

13                 If the Senator will yield for 

14    another question, Mr. President.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

16    sponsor yield? 

17                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Yes.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

19    sponsor yields.

20                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Senator, do you 

21    expect the joint budget conference committees to 

22    meet before we take up any of the budget bills?  

23                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President.  Senator O'Mara, things have been 

25    certainly moving quickly in the last 48 hours.  


                                                               4879

 1    We are seeing the light at the end of the tunnel 

 2    for this budget, thankfully.  

 3                 And this budget extender gets us at 

 4    least to continue the operation of state 

 5    government while we finalize all of the different 

 6    items.  

 7                 But as far as the understanding and 

 8    the discussion around this budget, it has 

 9    certainly been ongoing.  It has been conveyed 

10    through media reports, and there's been quite a 

11    bit of discussion about all of the different 

12    policy items as well as budget items at this 

13    point.  So certainly this has been widely 

14    reported and discussed.

15                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

16    Senator.

17                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

18    continue to yield.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

20    sponsor yield? 

21                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Yes.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

23    Senator yields.

24                 SENATOR O'MARA:   It's my 

25    understanding, Senator, that we have one of the 


                                                               4880

 1    remaining nine budget bills that's in print that 

 2    we'll be taking up today, and that's the ELFA 

 3    bill.  

 4                 When will we have the other eight 

 5    bills?

 6                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Through you, 

 7    Mr. President.  You're correct, we do have the 

 8    ELFA bill ready to go, hopefully today.

 9                 The other bills, I believe they will 

10    be closing down over the next few days.  And I 

11    suspect that we will begin voting early next week 

12    on the remaining bills of this budget.

13                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you.

14                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

15    continue to yield.  

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

17    sponsor yield?

18                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Yes.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

20    sponsor yields.

21                 SENATOR O'MARA:   You just said that 

22    hopefully we'll be taking up the ELFA bill today.  

23    What did that mean?

24                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Okay.  Well, 

25    until there's a bill in front of me.  But yes, I 


                                                               4881

 1    believe we will.  I am more than hopeful.  I am 

 2    pretty sure.

 3                 (Laughter.)

 4                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

 5    Senator.  I was pretty sure too.  

 6                 (Laughter.)

 7                 SENATOR O'MARA:   But you made me 

 8    second-think that.  

 9                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

10    continue to yield.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

12    sponsor yield?  

13                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Yes.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

15    sponsor yields.  

16                 SENATOR O'MARA:   It was my 

17    understanding that there might be a second bill 

18    coming, either for a vote today or tomorrow, 

19    which in my understanding was going to be PPGG.  

20                 Where do we stand on that bill?

21                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President.  We're continuing to close that 

23    down.  My understanding is that we will hopefully 

24    have something to vote on tomorrow for that.  

25                 But the ELFA bill is certainly ready 


                                                               4882

 1    to go.  We can begin with that.  So I think we 

 2    can all hang our hat on the fact that budget 

 3    bills are coming to us.  We will begin, we will 

 4    have a robust debate and discussion surrounding 

 5    that bill today.  

 6                 We will be able to really have the 

 7    opportunity to understand everything that is in 

 8    that bill and vote on it.  And over the next few 

 9    days, and including next week, we will completely 

10    shut down this budget and have everything done.

11                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you.  

12                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

13    continue to yield.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

15    sponsor yield?

16                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Yes.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    sponsor yields.  

19                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Senator, can you 

20    tell us what the open, unresolved issues are for 

21    the remaining bills to take up?

22                 SENATOR SERRANO:   Through you, 

23    Mr. President.  There's been lots of media 

24    speculation and reports out there on different 

25    issues.  And it's been pretty clear that we're 


                                                               4883

 1    coming together and finding cohesion and 

 2    coalition around those different issues.  

 3                 And I think we are at that point now 

 4    where we are starting to go to print on all of 

 5    the remaining issues.  I can't really speculate 

 6    on what the different issues may have been or 

 7    continue to be at this point, because it is very 

 8    fluid.  But I do feel very confident that we are 

 9    at the end of that road.

10                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

11    Senator.

12                 On the bill, Mr. President.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

14    O'Mara on the bill.

15                 SENATOR O'MARA:   You know, it's -- 

16    this whole process remains very disconcerting to 

17    me, that we're asking specific questions on what 

18    issues are unresolved and we're getting responses 

19    about things that have been discussed in the 

20    media.  

21                 Well, we're the elected 

22    representatives, not the reporters.  And we're 

23    the ones representing 300-and-some-thousand 

24    people each in our districts.  And we're not 

25    getting answers to these questions on nine 


                                                               4884

 1    remaining budget bills, only one of which we have 

 2    before us to take up shortly, I believe.  

 3                 And it's just -- it's very 

 4    unfortunate that this is what this process has 

 5    devolved to, with no information being shared, 

 6    apparently even to the Majority members, on where 

 7    things stand on these issues.  And certainly no 

 8    information being shared to the citizens of 

 9    New York State on where these -- where this 

10    budget process stands, what's actually being 

11    discussed.  

12                 Yet we're going to be presented with 

13    bills on 12, 15 hours notice that we're going to 

14    be having to vote on here shortly.

15                 It's just -- it's the wrong way to 

16    be approaching this.  And I'm just very concerned 

17    with this process.  And it's unfortunate for the 

18    citizens of New York State that we have to 

19    proceed this way.

20                 Thank you, Mr. President.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

22    you, Senator O'Mara.

23                 Are there any other Senators wishing 

24    to be heard?

25                 Seeing and hearing none, debate is 


                                                               4885

 1    now closed.

 2                 The Secretary will ring the bell.

 3                 Read the last section.

 4                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 15.  This 

 5    act shall take effect immediately.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Call the 

 7    roll.

 8                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Announce 

10    the results.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

12    Calendar 1283, voting in the negative are 

13    Senators Rhoads and Weik.

14                 Ayes, 59.  Nays, 2.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

16    is passed.  

17                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

18    controversial calendar.

19                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Okay, now back 

20    to motions and resolutions.  

21                 Let's take up previously adopted 

22    Resolution 1493, by Senator Scarcella-Spanton, 

23    read its title and call on Senator 

24    Scarcella-Spanton, please.  

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 


                                                               4886

 1    Secretary will read.

 2                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1493, by 

 3    Senator Scarcella-Spanton, commemorating the 

 4    45th Anniversary of the death of Dorothy Day, 

 5    venerable Catholic lay leader, journalist, and 

 6    cofounder of the Catholic Worker Movement.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 8    Scarcella-Spanton on the resolution.

 9                 SENATOR SCARCELLA-SPANTON:   Thank 

10    you, Mr. President.  

11                 And thank you, Monsignor Sullivan, 

12    for that wonderful invocation.  

13                 Today it's my great privilege to 

14    commemorate the life and legacy of Dorothy Day, a 

15    woman whose influence stretches far beyond 

16    history, beyond the Catholic Church, and beyond 

17    the movement that she helped to build.  

18                 For many of us on Staten Island, 

19    Dorothy Day does not feel like a distant figure, 

20    she feels like someone who's familiar and 

21    personal.  

22                 I first learned about Dorothy Day 

23    years ago when I was a student at St. John Villa 

24    Academy, my all-girl Catholic high school.  So 

25    where else would I be learning, of course.  


                                                               4887

 1                 I remember finding her incredibly 

 2    interesting, but at that stage of my life I 

 3    mostly knew the version of Dorothy Day that many 

 4    people know, the broad strokes:  The journalist, 

 5    the activist, the founder of the Catholic Worker, 

 6    the woman who was discussed in classrooms and 

 7    books, and the hopefully-one-day saint.

 8                 Even then, there was always 

 9    something about her that felt different to me.  

10    Perhaps it was because she was not just a 

11    historical figure to Staten Islanders, but a 

12    person who belonged to the place we all call 

13    home.  She walked our streets, prayed in our 

14    churches, raised her daughter here, spent summers 

15    on our beaches, and built a huge part of her life 

16    in the neighborhoods that we call home.  

17                 Over time, I started to realize that 

18    Dorothy Day's story was not only about faith and 

19    activism, but it was about Staten Island itself, 

20    about how our borough shaped the woman who would 

21    go on to shape so many others.  

22                 Right after Thanksgiving last year, 

23    I happened to be flipping through the 

24    Staten Island Advance and saw there would be a 

25    mass held on November 29th, the anniversary of 


                                                               4888

 1    Dorothy Day's death.  And something compelled me 

 2    to attend, so I did.  

 3                 Listening about her story in mass 

 4    that morning cracked open the desire to learn so 

 5    much more about her -- not just about the version 

 6    that we hear, but the woman herself.  It led me 

 7    to meeting Anne-Louise, who we have here today, 

 8    who got me interested in reading her books and 

 9    the books her family had written as well.  

10                 What struck me most was the more I 

11    learned about Dorothy Day, the more human she 

12    became.  Sometimes history gives us a version of 

13    a person which is polished and easy to digest, 

14    but the story I have learned recently about the 

15    woman I admire and hope to see become a saint was 

16    not simple at all.  

17                 From the pages that make her come 

18    alive, Dorothy Day was dynamic, passionate, 

19    deeply faithful, a person full of conviction, 

20    sacrifice, struggle, love -- and my personal 

21    favorite, sometimes contradiction.  Which who 

22    among us isn't?  

23                 I have become fascinated by the 

24    layers and layers of what made Dorothy, Dorothy.  

25    I have begun reading the letters she wrote 


                                                               4889

 1    throughout her life, a fascinating journey which 

 2    further shows how fully human she was -- not 

 3    untouched by pain or conflict or longing, 

 4    wrestling with life, wrestling with love, 

 5    wrestling with sacrifice but finding deep faith 

 6    through it all, and finding the dignity in all 

 7    people.  

 8                 Together with Peter Maurin, she 

 9    helped build the Catholic Worker movement during 

10    one of the most difficult parts of American 

11    history.  What began as a newspaper which sold 

12    for a penny became something far greater -- a 

13    movement rooted in hospitality, labor rights, and 

14    the belief that every human being possesses 

15    inherent dignity.  

16                 Dorothy Day and Peter Maurin 

17    challenged people to look directly at poverty, 

18    injustice and suffering, not as an abstract 

19    political issue but as human realities demanding 

20    both compassion and action.  

21                 What makes her legacy so enduring is 

22    that she did not simply write about these ideals, 

23    she lived them.  She opened homes, shared meals, 

24    welcomed strangers, and built a movement centered 

25    on the belief that every person matters.  


                                                               4890

 1                 The deeper I get into her history, 

 2    the more I change how I approach my own work and 

 3    life.  She's motivated me to slow down and see 

 4    the humanity in every constituent case, every 

 5    interaction, and every person who reaches out for 

 6    help.  

 7                 In government and public service, as 

 8    probably all of us in this room know, it is so 

 9    easy to move on from one issue to the next.  But 

10    the lessons of Dorothy Day remind us that every 

11    issue belongs to a human being.  Every call for 

12    help belongs to a person carrying burdens we may 

13    never fully see.  And that perspective has stayed 

14    with me deeply.  

15                 As a mother, Dorothy Day's life 

16    speaks in another profound way.  I think about 

17    what it meant for her to raise her daughter Tamar 

18    while serving and sacrificing so much of her 

19    herself, while balancing motherhood.  

20                 Her story is the story of so many 

21    women who quietly make sacrifices every day to 

22    build a better world around them while trying to 

23    be the best mom they can be.  

24                 That is why Dorothy Day resonates so 

25    strongly to so many people.  People see 


                                                               4891

 1    themselves in her.  She was layered, complex, and 

 2    deeply human.  And today as we commemorate the 

 3    45th anniversary of her passing, it is especially 

 4    meaningful that we are joined by people who 

 5    continue to carry her legacy forward.  

 6                 I'd like to extend a heartfelt 

 7    welcome to George Horton and his wife, 

 8    Carolyn Zablotny.  George is the vice postulator 

 9    of the Dorothy Day Guild.  Kevin Ahern, chair of 

10    the Dorothy Day Guild, along with his awesome 

11    daughter Islay.  

12                 Islay, hi!  Good to see you.  

13                 And my friend Anne-Louise DePalo, 

14    who founded Desert Day House, leading retreats 

15    for folks to walk where Dorothy once walked.  

16                 And while she could not be here 

17    today in person because she's with her own 

18    grandchildren, which only makes the Dorothy Day 

19    family even more relatable, I have been in touch 

20    with her granddaughter Martha, who I've had the 

21    privilege of speaking with over the last few 

22    weeks as this special day came together.  

23                 For Martha, when you see this, your 

24    grandmother's life continues to inspire people in 

25    ways that are deeply personal and transformative.  


                                                               4892

 1    Thank you for sharing your grandmother with us 

 2    today and for allowing me to have the privilege 

 3    of recognizing her on the Senate floor.  

 4                 I pray soon we will have St. Dorothy 

 5    Day and her legacy will continue to shape the 

 6    world for generations to come, especially on 

 7    Staten Island.

 8                 Thank you.  I proudly vote aye.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

10    you, Senator.

11                 Senator Ramos on the resolution.

12                 SENATOR RAMOS:   Thank you, 

13    Mr. President.

14                 You know, there's a photo of 

15    Dorothy Day hanging in my dining room.  I keep it 

16    there not as decoration but as a reminder to my 

17    children, to my family, and sometimes even to 

18    myself, as we eat, that we have a responsibility 

19    to those who have less than we do.  

20                 And Dorothy Day understood that 

21    responsibility deeply.  Through the 

22    Catholic Worker movement she built something 

23    rooted in a radical but simple idea:  Human 

24    dignity isn't conditional -- not on immigration 

25    status, not on wealth, not on whether society 


                                                               4893

 1    considers someone important.

 2                 She believed faith has to be lived.  

 3    And Dorothy Day believed that if we claim to see 

 4    Jesus in scripture, then we should also be able 

 5    to see him in the hungry, the worker, the 

 6    immigrant, the unhoused, and the person society 

 7    has decided to overlook.

 8                 She believed faith was not about 

 9    power or performance, it's about how we treat 

10    people.  In soup kitchens, in shelters, on 

11    picket lines with workers, alongside farmworkers 

12    demanding dignity and fair treatment.  She 

13    understood that poverty is not a personal 

14    failure, it's a societal responsibility.  And she 

15    understood that compassion without material 

16    change is just performance.

17                 Dorothy Day once said "We love God 

18    as much as the person we love the least."  At a 

19    time when too many working families are 

20    struggling to afford housing, food, healthcare 

21    and stability, Dorothy Day reminds us that 

22    justice is not abstract.  It's whether workers 

23    are treated with dignity, whether children go 

24    hungry, whether the poor are seen as burdens or 

25    as human beings deserving of care.  


                                                               4894

 1                 And as lawmakers, that challenge 

 2    belongs to us too.  Because values only matter if 

 3    they shape how we govern.  

 4                 In the work I've tried to do for 

 5    farmworkers, domestic workers, underpaid workers, 

 6    immigrant workers and families struggling to stay 

 7    afloat in New York, I often think about people 

 8    like Dorothy Day who understood that dignity must 

 9    be protected not only through charity, but 

10    through justice.  Not only through kindness, but 

11    through systems that value human beings.  

12                 She didn't separate faith from 

13    public life.  She brought moral clarity into 

14    public life.  And in moments like this, I think 

15    we are called to do the same.

16                 So today we honor Dorothy Day not 

17    only for what she believed, but for how she 

18    lived -- with humility, with courage, and with a 

19    relentless commitment to human dignity.  

20                 I want to thank Senator 

21    Scarcella-Spanton for highlighting one of the 

22    greatest New Yorkers who has ever lived.

23                 Thank you.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

25    you, Senator Ramos.


                                                               4895

 1                 Senator May on the resolution.

 2                 SENATOR MAY:   Thank you, 

 3    Mr. President.

 4                 And I also want to thank 

 5    Senator Scarcella-Spanton and Senator Ramos for 

 6    your words, and the family of Dorothy Day for 

 7    sharing her with the world.

 8                 In Syracuse is a place where 

 9    Dorothy Day came often.  She worked with the 

10    Berrigan brothers in the Catholic Worker 

11    Movement.  

12                 And her legacy lives on in a 

13    not-for-profit known as Friends of Dorothy in 

14    Syracuse, which is run by two men, 

15    Michael DeSalvo and Nick Orth, who started in 

16    1992 opening their home to men who were dying of 

17    AIDS and whose families had turned their backs on 

18    them, who struggled to find hospice care or 

19    anyone who would care for them.  And Michael and 

20    Nick have continued caring for people at the end 

21    of their lives who were outcast in various ways 

22    from society, for 34 years.  

23                 It is a remarkable organization 

24    inspired by a remarkable woman.  And I lift them 

25    up today as well as this entire movement that, as 


                                                               4896

 1    Senator Ramos said, is for people who are 

 2    otherwise left in the shadows and don't have the 

 3    support that they need.

 4                 So I proudly vote aye on this 

 5    resolution.  Thank you.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 7    you, Senator May.

 8                 The resolution was adopted on 

 9    January 28th.

10                 Senator -- and before we go to our 

11    Senator, to our guests, I welcome you on behalf 

12    of the Senate.  We extend to you the privileges 

13    and courtesies of this house.  

14                 Please rise and be recognized.

15                 (Standing ovation.)

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

17    Gianaris.

18                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please recognize 

19    Senator Skoufis for an introduction.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

21    Skoufis for an introduction.

22                 SENATOR SKOUFIS:   Thank you very 

23    much, Mr. President.  

24                 In the event that my many 

25    constituents in the gallery are not keeping their 


                                                               4897

 1    eyes glued to Channels 83 or 108 when they're 

 2    back home and watching us, they got a real treat 

 3    really watching democracy in action just before, 

 4    as we passed our latest budget extender.

 5                 But today is one of my favorite days 

 6    of spring during legislative session, a day where 

 7    each year I get to invite and welcome the 

 8    valedictorians and salutatorians from the dozen 

 9    high schools in the 42nd Senate District.  

10    There's some extra brain power in the chamber 

11    today.  

12                 And as we all know, it takes a great 

13    deal of dedication, fortitude -- yes, of course, 

14    academic talent -- in order to rise to one of the 

15    two highest ranks of their graduating classes.  

16    But they go beyond academic success, to a person.  

17    They're leaders in their schools and communities; 

18    they're members of various service organizations, 

19    and active participants in clubs and musical 

20    groups, sports, athletics, and the list goes on 

21    and on.

22                 Many of them -- there are 

23    20 students with us today.  Many of them are here 

24    with their parents.  And certainly behind every 

25    great student are great parents or caretakers.  


                                                               4898

 1    And so I welcome and congratulate them as well.  

 2                 And whether upon graduation they're 

 3    going off to college or the military or for some 

 4    period of time traveling, I wish them nothing but 

 5    continued success, and the best.  And it's a 

 6    privilege to be able to represent them.  

 7                 And most importantly from my 

 8    perspective, I hope they either stay or return to 

 9    New York where their talents and their expertise 

10    are so desperately needed.

11                 With that all said, I do want to 

12    acknowledge the 20 students who are here for the 

13    Senate record.  

14                 From Cornwall Central High School, 

15    my hometown, we have Marisa Barnsby and 

16    Slav Mishkovski.  

17                 From George F. Baker High School, 

18    Kayleigh Donnelly and Logan Saari-Poznanski.  

19                 From Goshen Central High School, 

20    we have Mehri Ghezel-Ayagh and 

21    Dalton Fortugno-Harris.  

22                 From Middletown High School, we have 

23    Matthew MacKay and Renata Rugerio.  

24                 From Minisink Valley High School, we 

25    have Conner Doane and Colin Hansen.  


                                                               4899

 1                 From my alma mater, Monroe-Woodbury 

 2    High School, we have Prasad Saha and Luka Joncic.  

 3                 From Pine Bush High School, we have 

 4    Lucas Meisel and Leah Meberg.  

 5                 From Port Jervis High School, we 

 6    have Michelle Gimena and Kayleigh Wright.  

 7                 From S.S. Seward Institute, the 

 8    valedictorian there is Alexander Vargas.  

 9                 From Warwick Valley High School, the 

10    salutatorian is Nathan Link.  

11                 And from Washingtonville High 

12    School, we have Joseph Mullan and Caroline Korba.  

13                 It's a privilege to represent these 

14    extraordinary constituents.  

15                 And Mr. President, if you could 

16    please afford them the privileges and 

17    cordialities of the floor.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

19    you, Senator Skoufis.  

20                 To our extraordinary students who 

21    are joining us today, I welcome you on behalf of 

22    the Senate.  We extend to you the privileges and 

23    courtesies of this house.  

24                 Please rise and be recognized.

25                 (Standing ovation.)


                                                               4900

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 2    Gianaris.

 3                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please recognize 

 4    Senator Jackson.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 6    Jackson for an introduction.

 7                 SENATOR JACKSON:   Good afternoon, 

 8    everyone.  I'm State Senator Robert Jackson from 

 9    the 31st Senatorial District in 

10    Northern Manhattan in the Northwest Bronx, and 

11    I'm here with approximately 25 students, high 

12    school students from Yeshiva University Civic 

13    Education Day.  

14                 And so I had the opportunity to go 

15    upstairs while they were waiting to come in, and 

16    we shook hands and took pictures.  And they were 

17    very, very pleased to be here in the Capitol with 

18    us, knowing that they were going to be watching 

19    democracy in action.  

20                 And so this is democracy, whether 

21    you agree or disagree, whether it's -- you're 

22    right or you're wrong.  But this is what we do 

23    here in the State Senate.  

24                 So to the students from Yeshiva 

25    University Civic Education Day, I welcome you to 


                                                               4901

 1    the State Senate and I ask the chair to please 

 2    give them the courtesy of the house.  

 3                 And thank you.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 5    you, Senator Jackson.

 6                 To our students, I welcome you on 

 7    behalf of the Senate.  We extend to you the 

 8    privileges and courtesies of this house.  

 9                 Please rise and be recognized.

10                 (Standing ovation.)

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

12    Gianaris.

13                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you, 

14    Madam President.  

15                 At this time let's take up 

16    previously adopted Resolution 1939, by 

17    Senator Cooney, read that resolution's title and 

18    recognize Senator Cooney, please.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

20    Secretary will read.

21                 THE SECRETARY:   Resolution 1939, by 

22    Senator Cooney, mourning the death of 

23    Freddi Macek, distinguished citizen and devoted 

24    member of her community.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 


                                                               4902

 1    Cooney on the resolution.

 2                 SENATOR COONEY:   Thank you, 

 3    Madam President.

 4                 I'm so grateful for this opportunity 

 5    to honor my friend and a friend of so many:  

 6    Freddi Macek, who sadly passed away last 

 7    November.  

 8                 For those who knew Freddi, they knew 

 9    her passion, her endless determination, her 

10    humor, and her commitment to students and workers 

11    alike.

12                 I'd like to extend a warm welcome to 

13    members of Freddi's union family who join us here 

14    today, those who stood beside her in the work she 

15    cared so deeply about:  Maria Fisher, 

16    representing AFSCME, along with Brian McDonald 

17    from AFSCME.  Eddie Santiago, from IAFF.  And 

18    Kevin Eitzmann, from the State AFL-CIO.

19                 Thank you for being here to 

20    acknowledge Freddi's lasting impact and legacy, 

21    as she leaves, with the labor community.  Freddi 

22    spent over three decades as a second-grade 

23    teacher in the Rochester City School District, my 

24    alma mater, shaping the leaders of tomorrow and 

25    instilling a love of learning in each generation.  


                                                               4903

 1                 The impact she had on these students 

 2    is truly immeasurable.  Her support, her care and 

 3    expertise could always be felt with each class 

 4    and with each individual student.  

 5                 But what made Freddi so special is 

 6    that her passion didn't end at the classroom 

 7    door.  She was a fierce union advocate, fighting 

 8    for a better quality of life for her fellow 

 9    instructors.  Through the Rochester Teachers 

10    Association and NYSUT, Freddi embodied what it 

11    means to be union strong.  And she never truly 

12    slowed down.  Even in her eighties, Freddi 

13    remained involved in community organizing.  It 

14    was this boundless passion that served as an 

15    inspiration to so many.

16                 And while her loss has been felt 

17    community-wide, her legacy will continue on in 

18    every student, friend, neighbor, and loved one 

19    she had the privilege of knowing.  And we had the 

20    privilege of knowing her.

21                 It's my great honor to be able to 

22    recognize her today and to show her the 

23    appreciation from a state that deserved a union 

24    leader, a teacher, and a friend to so many.

25                 Madam President, I vote aye.


                                                               4904

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Thank you, 

 2    Senator Cooney.

 3                 To our guests from the union family 

 4    of Freddi Macek, we welcome you.  We acknowledge 

 5    her.  We cherish her memory and her work.  We 

 6    appreciate you being here in her memory, and we 

 7    will keep it alive.  

 8                 Please rise and be recognized.

 9                 (Standing ovation.)

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   The 

11    resolution was previously adopted on April 28th.  

12                 Senator Gianaris.

13                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please recognize 

14    Senator Weber for an introduction.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT MAYER:   Senator 

16    Weber for an introduction.

17                 SENATOR WEBER:   Good afternoon, 

18    Madam President.  

19                 Today it's my great honor to rise 

20    and welcome a very special group of guests here 

21    in the gallery.  And we recognize the growing 

22    contributions, culture, and heritage of the 

23    Indian American community across the State of 

24    New York.  

25                 As many of our colleagues know, 


                                                               4905

 1    August has been officially recognized as 

 2    Indian American Heritage Month here in New York 

 3    State, a meaningful opportunity to celebrate the 

 4    history, tradition, achievements and enduring 

 5    impact of Indian Americans in every corner of our 

 6    state.  

 7                 I especially want to thank Dr. Aney 

 8    Paul for once again organizing this trip to 

 9    Albany.  Year after year, Dr. Paul, who's also a 

10    Rockland County legislator, has helped strengthen 

11    the connection between communities across 

12    New York State and their state government, while 

13    also reminding all of us of the importance of 

14    civic engagement, cultural understanding, and 

15    public service.  We are grateful for your 

16    leadership and dedication.

17                 I also want to acknowledge the 

18    leaders of the outstanding organizations 

19    represented here today.  

20                 From the Rockland Indian Cultural 

21    Heritage and Arts Awareness Club, we have 

22    Shaimi Jacob.  

23                 It's nice to see you, Shaimi.  How 

24    are you?

25                 Representing the Hudson Valley 


                                                               4906

 1    Malayalee Association, we're joined by my good 

 2    friends Noah George and Paul Karukappillil.  

 3                 The Indian Cultural Society of 

 4    Rockland's president, Suresh Iyer, is also here 

 5    as well.  

 6                 The chairman and founders of 

 7    Jeevan Jyoti:  Suresh and Mamta Arya.  

 8                 And finally, members of the 

 9    Albany AAPI, and the World Yoga Community.  

10                 So many great friends are here today 

11    that I would like to recognize them.  It's great 

12    that you're here today.  

13                 You know, each of these 

14    organizations plays an important role in 

15    preserving traditions, supporting families, 

16    promoting education, encouraging cultural 

17    exchange and building stronger communities 

18    throughout our state.

19                 I'm especially proud to represent 

20    Rockland County, one of the most culturally 

21    diverse counties anywhere in New York State.  

22    That diversity is truly one of our greatest 

23    strengths.  

24                 Throughout the year I have the 

25    privilege of attending so many wonderful Indian 


                                                               4907

 1    American events in my district, from cultural 

 2    festivals and holiday celebrations to community 

 3    gatherings, educational programs, and charitable 

 4    events.  

 5                 Every one of those experiences 

 6    reflects the incredible warmth, generosity, and 

 7    spirit of service that defines the community.  

 8                 Whether it's celebrating Diwali, 

 9    participating in cultural performances, enjoying 

10    incredible food that I've gotten to really like, 

11    or simply spending time with family and community 

12    members, I'm always reminded how fortunate we are 

13    to live in a place where so many cultures come 

14    together while we still proudly preserve their 

15    unique identities and traditions.  

16                 The Indian American community has 

17    contributed enormously and continues to 

18    contribute enormously to New York in business, in 

19    medicine, education, technology, public service, 

20    the arts, and countless other fields.  But just 

21    as importantly, this community continues to 

22    strengthen the social fabric of our neighborhoods 

23    through volunteerism, faith, family values and 

24    civic participation.

25                 So today, on behalf of the New York 


                                                               4908

 1    State Senate, I extend our sincere gratitude and 

 2    appreciation to all the guests that are here 

 3    today.  Thank you for being with us here.  Thank 

 4    you for all that you do for our communities.  And 

 5    thank you for helping make New York a richer and 

 6    more vibrant state.

 7                 Madam President -- oh, 

 8    Mr. President, sorry.  You changed.  Please 

 9    extend to the guests here today all the 

10    cordialities of this great esteemed body.

11                 Thank you.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

13    you, Senator Weber.

14                 To our Indian American guests, I 

15    welcome you on behalf of the Senate.  We extend 

16    to you the privileges and courtesies of this 

17    house.  

18                 Please rise and be recognized.

19                 (Standing ovation.)

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

21    Gianaris.

22                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

23    at this time there will be an immediate meeting 

24    of the Finance Committee in Room 332.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There 


                                                               4909

 1    will be an immediate meeting of the 

 2    Finance Committee in Room 332.

 3                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   The Senate will 

 4    stand at ease.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 6    Senate will stand at ease.

 7                 (Whereupon, the Senate stood at ease 

 8    at 3:38 p.m.)

 9                 (Whereupon, the Senate reconvened at 

10    3:47 p.m.)

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

12    Senate will return to order.

13                 Senator Gianaris.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

15    there's a report of the Finance Committee at the 

16    desk.  Please take that up.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    Secretary will read.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator Krueger, 

20    from the Committee on Finance, reports the 

21    following bill:  

22                 Senate Print 9006C, Budget Bill, an 

23    act to amend the Education Law.

24                 The bill reports direct to third 

25    reading.  


                                                               4910

 1                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Move to accept 

 2    the report of the Finance Committee.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   All those 

 4    in favor of accepting the report of the 

 5    Finance Committee please signify by saying aye.

 6                 (Response of "Aye.")

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Opposed, 

 8    nay.

 9                 (No response.)

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

11    report of the Finance Committee is accepted.

12                 Senator Gianaris.

13                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please take up 

14    the supplemental calendar.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

16    Secretary will read.

17                 There is a substitution at the desk.  

18                 The Secretary will read.

19                 THE SECRETARY:   Senator Serrano 

20    moves to discharge, from the Committee on 

21    Finance, Assembly Bill Number 10006C and 

22    substitute it for the identical Senate Bill 

23    9006C, Third Reading Calendar 1284.

24                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Is there a 

25    message of necessity at the desk?


                                                               4911

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 2    substitution is so ordered.  

 3                 The Secretary will read.

 4                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Oh, sorry.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There is 

 6    a message of necessity at the desk.

 7                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I move to accept 

 8    the message.

 9                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

10    1284, Assembly Bill Number 10006C, Budget Bill, 

11    an act to amend the Education Law.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There is 

13    a message of necessity at the desk.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you.  I 

15    move to accept the message.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   All those 

17    in favor of accepting the message please signify 

18    by saying aye.

19                 (Response of "Aye.")

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Opposed, 

21    nay.

22                 (Response of "Nay.")

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

24    message is accepted.  

25                 The bill is before the house.


                                                               4912

 1                 SENATOR LANZA:   Lay it aside.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

 3    will be laid aside.

 4                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

 5    reading of the supplemental calendar.

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Please take up 

 7    the controversial calendar.  

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 9    Secretary will ring the bell.

10                 The Secretary will read.

11                 THE SECRETARY:   Calendar Number 

12    1284, Assembly Bill Number 10006C, Budget Bill, 

13    an act to amend the Education Law.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

15    Lanza, why do you rise?

16                 SENATOR LANZA:   Mr. President, I 

17    believe there's an amendment at the desk.  I 

18    waive the reading of that amendment and ask that 

19    you recognize Senator Borrello.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

21    you, Senator Lanza.  

22                 Upon review of the amendment, in 

23    accordance with Rule 6, Section 4B, I rule it 

24    nongermane and out of order.

25                 SENATOR LANZA:   Accordingly, 


                                                               4913

 1    Mr. President, I appeal the ruling of the chair 

 2    and ask that Senator Borrello be heard on that 

 3    appeal.  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 5    appeal has been made and recognized, and 

 6    Senator Borrello may be heard.

 7                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Thank you, 

 8    Mr. President.

 9                 Well, we have a unique opportunity 

10    at this moment.  So we have before us a budget 

11    bill that I am told, if it passes, will extend 

12    the electric school bus mandate for five years.  

13                 So what my amendment will do is it 

14    will include a NYSERDA study on the effectiveness 

15    of electric school buses.  So if we're going to 

16    take five years and we're going to delay it, 

17    let's actually make sure we do something 

18    productive in that five years to ensure that this 

19    truly will work, and where it will work and where 

20    it won't work.  

21                 So this is very germane to this 

22    budget bill because it's indeed about adding some 

23    substance to this five-year delay on this EV 

24    school bus mandate.  

25                 So, Mr. President, I would certainly 


                                                               4914

 1    love to have this ruled germane so that we can 

 2    move forward productively with this delivery in 

 3    the electric school bus mandate.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

 5    you, Senator Borrello.

 6                 I want to remind the house that the 

 7    vote is on the procedures of the house and the 

 8    ruling of the chair.

 9                 Those in favor of overruling the 

10    chair, signify by saying aye.

11                 (Response of "Aye.")

12                 SENATOR LANZA:   Show of hands.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   A show of 

14    hands has been requested and so ordered.

15                 Announce the results.

16                 THE SECRETARY:   Ayes, 22.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    ruling of the chair stands, and the bill-in-chief 

19    is before the house.

20                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

22    Gianaris.

23                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   As we begin 

24    debate on this bill, I would ask my colleagues in 

25    the Minority to identify the part of the bill 


                                                               4915

 1    that they intend to debate as they get up.  In 

 2    the absence of Senator Krueger, we will have 

 3    various members defending the bill, and it would 

 4    be helpful to move things along if we know which 

 5    part is being debated.

 6                 Thank you.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 8    O'Mara, why do you rise?  

 9                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

10    Mr. President.  I have some questions on the 

11    financial plan.

12                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Senator Liu will 

13    address those questions, Mr. President.  

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

15    Liu, do you yield?  

16                 SENATOR LIU:   I do yield.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    sponsor yields.

19                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

20    Senator.  Good afternoon.  

21                 We have a financial plan before us 

22    that was handed up at some point last night.  It 

23    shows an increase in state funds in this budget 

24    by 8.5 percent, with total State Operating Funds 

25    being $161.4 billion.


                                                               4916

 1                 Do we have the revenue bill before 

 2    us in this house?

 3                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

 4    Mr. President, we don't have the revenue bill 

 5    yet, but it is expected to be finalized by the 

 6    middle of next week.

 7                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

 8    Mr. President.  If the Senator will continue to 

 9    yield.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

11    sponsor yield? 

12                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do, 

13    Mr. President.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

15    sponsor yields.

16                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Senator, the 

17    All Funds budget at this point is $268 billion in 

18    this budget, up nearly 4 percent from last year.  

19                 Can you explain the sources of 

20    revenue that we're going to be collecting, 

21    ultimately through the revenue bill, which is the 

22    major part of this budget?  

23                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President.  The Senator is right, and it's a 

25    3.8 percent increase over fiscal '26.  And the 


                                                               4917

 1    tax receipts are also expected to increase 

 2    commensurately, so that we have more or less a 

 3    balanced budget.  

 4                 To answer your question, most of the 

 5    tax growth comes from economic growth.

 6                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you.  

 7                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

 8    continue to yield.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

10    sponsor yield? 

11                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

13    Senator yields.

14                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Since we're 

15    predicting an over 6 percent increase in tax 

16    revenues in this financial plan, does that 

17    indicate the economy in the State of New York is 

18    doing fairly well?

19                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

20    Mr. President.  Yes, it does.  

21                 In fact, you may recall the end of 

22    calendar year 2025, just a few months ago, 

23    revenues came in $4 billion ahead of what was 

24    expected at the time.

25                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 


                                                               4918

 1    Senator.

 2                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

 3    continue to yield.  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

 5    sponsor yield?

 6                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 8    sponsor yields.  

 9                 SENATOR O'MARA:   With the taxes 

10    anticipated to raise -- tax collections 

11    anticipated to raise by over 6 percent this 

12    coming year, the increase in the State Operating 

13    Funds part of this budget is an 8.5 percent 

14    increase.  

15                 Can you explain how or why the 

16    growth of State Operating Funds disbursements is 

17    outpacing the growth of the tax revenue increase?

18                 (Pause.)

19                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

20    Mr. President.  

21                 Part of the -- a large amount of the 

22    growth in spending ahead of the growth in 

23    revenues is the fact that we do have to make up 

24    for many of the federal cuts that have been 

25    imposed upon our state.  


                                                               4919

 1                 And as you know, we try to help our 

 2    fellow New Yorkers who have been hurt by the 

 3    federal budget cuts.

 4                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

 5    Senator.

 6                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

 7    continue to yield.  

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

 9    sponsor yield?  

10                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

12    sponsor yields.  

13                 SENATOR O'MARA:   While the State 

14    Operating Funds budget is expected to grow 

15    8.5 percent in this budget, over the last 

16    two years it's grown 21 percent, far outpacing 

17    inflation and certainly far outpacing any federal 

18    cuts that have happened.  

19                 So, you know, we keep a 2 percent 

20    tax cap on all our local governments and school 

21    districts, yet here we exceed that 2 percent with 

22    a 21 percent increase in state operating spending 

23    over a two-year period.  

24                 How can we justify that?

25                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 


                                                               4920

 1    Mr. President.  The expenditures have risen, but 

 2    so have our overall receipts, to the point we 

 3    have more or less a balanced budget like we had 

 4    in past years.  

 5                 And a great deal of the revenue 

 6    increase is because of a robust economy.  

 7    Notwithstanding the dire predictions of 

 8    forecasters from years past, the state economy 

 9    continues to bring in those tax revenues.

10                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you.  

11                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

12    continue to yield.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

14    sponsor yield?  

15                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

17    Senator yields.

18                 SENATOR O'MARA:   But yet, Senator, 

19    we're expected to start voting on this first of 

20    the remaining nine budget bills today without 

21    having a revenue plan in place -- at least the 

22    budget in place.  

23                 Should we be proceeding with this 

24    budget without having all components of it put 

25    together and have a whole budget for us to be 


                                                               4921

 1    considering as a whole?  

 2                 Because the individual pieces all 

 3    need to add up to this amount in the financial 

 4    plan.  Yet we only have one of those budget Bills 

 5    before us today.  How can we responsibly be 

 6    proceeding with votes on this bill?

 7                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

 8    Mr. President.  Although we may not have the 

 9    details that will be spelled out in the revenue 

10    bill, we do know what the revenues are going to 

11    be.  I believe we're looking at the same chart.

12                 So the revenues are going to be 

13    sufficient to fund the expenditures that we're 

14    expecting for fiscal year 2027.  And this is also 

15    in line with past practice.  This is not the 

16    first year that we'll be voting on some of the 

17    budget bills prior to the finalization of the 

18    revenue bill.

19                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

20    Senator.

21                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

22    continue to yield.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

24    sponsor yield?

25                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do.


                                                               4922

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 2    sponsor yields.

 3                 SENATOR O'MARA:   I'm always amused 

 4    by the argument that that's the way we've always 

 5    done it, so let's continue to do it that way.

 6                 We did it that way when we were in 

 7    the majority.  You didn't like it.  You're doing 

 8    it that way when you're in the majority.  We 

 9    don't like it.  I didn't like it then, I don't 

10    like it now.  I don't think it's responsible 

11    government.  Yet the spending continues to go up 

12    astronomically.  

13                 Can you tell us, Senator, what 

14    revenue -- what taxes are being increased to help 

15    generate the revenue to support this budget?

16                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

17    Mr. President.  There are no significant 

18    increases in tax rates levied at the state level.  

19                 A lot of it has been driven by 

20    economic growth.  Some people will credit a 

21    strong Wall Street environment for that.  But 

22    that reflects the overall state of our New York 

23    economy.  And so that's what's been driving the 

24    increases in tax revenues.

25                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 


                                                               4923

 1    Senator.

 2                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

 3    continue to yield.  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 5    sponsor yield? 

 6                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do, 

 7    Mr. President.  

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 9    sponsor yields.  

10                 SENATOR O'MARA:   What insignificant 

11    tax increases can you tell us are going to be 

12    included in this budget?  

13                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President, there are no tax rate increases.  

15    Revenue increases, yes, but not increases in 

16    rates.  And no new taxes that I can recall off 

17    the top of my head.  

18                 There may be some minor fee 

19    increases that I don't recall right now.  We can 

20    get you a list of those a little bit later.  But 

21    really the answer to your question is no new 

22    taxes.

23                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you.

24                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

25    continue to yield.


                                                               4924

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 2    sponsor yield?

 3                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, sir.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 5    sponsor yields.

 6                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Will there be any 

 7    personal income tax rate reductions coming forth?

 8                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

 9    Mr. President, no.

10                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you.

11                 Through you, Mr. President, if the 

12    Senator will continue to yield.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

14    sponsor yield? 

15                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

17    sponsor yields.

18                 SENATOR O'MARA:   With increasing 

19    revenues due to the economy humming along and 

20    Wall Street doing well, we have the revenues, we 

21    have the resources.  So your side of the aisle 

22    thinks it's better to just spend all that money 

23    rather than giving maybe a tax break to 

24    New Yorkers?

25                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 


                                                               4925

 1    Mr. President.  We are stepping up to help fellow 

 2    New Yorkers that were hurt by H.R. 1, the federal 

 3    tax bill that was passed last year.  And that tax 

 4    bill actually gave many New Yorkers a substantial 

 5    tax break.  

 6                 So if you look at the overall tax 

 7    burden of New Yorkers, that's decreased for many 

 8    of the highest-income New Yorkers.  

 9                 We haven't increased tax rates for 

10    New Yorkers in this budget.  We don't plan to do 

11    so.  And the -- could we have offered additional 

12    tax breaks?  That would have been difficult, 

13    given that the federal budget already imposed 

14    huge burdens on our New York budget in our desire 

15    to take care of fellow New Yorkers.

16                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

17    Senator.

18                 Mr. President, if the Senator would 

19    continue to yield.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

21    sponsor yield? 

22                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

24    sponsor yields.

25                 SENATOR O'MARA:   The overall 


                                                               4926

 1    concerns we continue to hear over and over again 

 2    are the cuts of the federal government.  

 3                 The cuts, at least according to this 

 4    financial plan, are expected to be about 

 5    $7 billion, yet we're increasing spending by 

 6    13 or 14 billion dollars from last year.  So 

 7    those federal cuts don't seem to be impacting our 

 8    overall budget and ability to provide for 

 9    New Yorkers.  

10                 And we have increased revenues 

11    coming, yet we're giving no tax breaks to any 

12    New Yorkers.  So I still don't see how we justify 

13    not providing some relief, and way outpacing a 

14    2 percent growth in this.  

15                 But to move on in the financial 

16    plan -- and it's not in here, but what are the 

17    projected outyear gaps based on the structure of 

18    this budget we're proceeding with?

19                 (Pause.)

20                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President.  I don't have the outyear budget 

22    gaps, but they're similar to the amounts 

23    presented in the Executive Budget.  

24                 But they'll be at least a couple of 

25    billion dollars.


                                                               4927

 1                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Through you, 

 2    Mr. President, if the Senator will continue to 

 3    yield.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

 5    sponsor yield?  

 6                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 8    sponsor yields.

 9                 SENATOR O'MARA:   There will be at 

10    least a couple of billion dollars?  I mean, in 

11    prior years we were looking at 20 to 30 billion 

12    dollars in outyear gaps.  So has that been 

13    closed?

14                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

15    Mr. President.  They have not been closed.  They 

16    are going to be similar to what they are as 

17    presented in the Executive Budget.  Perhaps we 

18    can get a copy of that shortly.

19                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Do you have those 

20    or you don't have those?

21                 SENATOR LIU:   I don't have them on 

22    hand.  But why don't we get a copy of them real 

23    quick.  

24                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Okay.  I'll move 

25    on, then.  Thank you, Senator.  


                                                               4928

 1                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

 2    continue to yield.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 4    sponsor yield? 

 5                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 7    sponsor yields.

 8                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Senator, what is 

 9    the expected cost of the reforms being considered 

10    to Tier 6?

11                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

12    Mr. President, the Tier 6 negotiations or 

13    negotiations to amend Tier 6 are still underway.

14                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Through you, 

15    Mr. President, if the Senator will continue to 

16    yield.  

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

18    sponsor yield?  

19                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

21    Senator yields.

22                 SENATOR O'MARA:   It's difficult to 

23    debate this budget with eight of nine budget 

24    bills not being in front of us or in print, or 

25    these decisions having been made.  So that's 


                                                               4929

 1    concerning with moving forward at this point.

 2                 Can you tell us, Senator, we're 

 3    passing -- we're moving this bill today with a 

 4    message of necessity, a bill that was introduced 

 5    later last night.  The Constitution requires 

 6    three days waiting period.  We don't have eight 

 7    of the nine remaining budget bills.  

 8                 What is the rush to get this bill 

 9    done today that we couldn't wait the 

10    constitutionally mandated three-day waiting 

11    period?

12                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

13    Mr. President, we're trying to get the budget 

14    done as expediently as possible.  

15                 And in particular, this budget bill 

16    includes the funding for our public schools 

17    throughout the State of New York.  And as you are 

18    likely aware, many of our school districts, they 

19    need their numbers.  They need their numbers as 

20    soon as possible.  So this is an urgent matter.

21                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President, if the Senator will continue to 

23    yield.  

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

25    sponsor yield?  


                                                               4930

 1                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    sponsor yields.  

 4                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Senator, our 

 5    school districts needed a budget before 

 6    yesterday, when all their budgets went to vote.  

 7    And so voters and school districts blindly put 

 8    forth a budget and went to vote on a budget not 

 9    knowing what that school aid was going to be.

10                 While we now have school runs today, 

11    when were those school runs actually determined?

12                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

13    Mr. President.  I'm not exactly sure when the 

14    State Education Department delivered the school 

15    runs.  But those school -- the results of those 

16    school runs are reflected in this particular 

17    budget.

18                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Through you, 

19    Mr. President, if the Senator will continue to 

20    yield.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

22    sponsor yield?  

23                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do, 

24    Mr. President.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 


                                                               4931

 1    sponsor yields.  

 2                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Since the main 

 3    thing in this first bill of ELFA is the local 

 4    school aid that's in there, and really not a 

 5    whole lot else in this budget bill before us, why 

 6    couldn't or why shouldn't that have been done 

 7    weeks ago?  We're nearly eight weeks late on this 

 8    the budget at this point, and we will be next 

 9    week.  We just did an extender into next week.  

10                 So I don't see the urgency of having 

11    to pass this today with a message of necessity 

12    when we've extended the operations of government 

13    into next week.

14                 Do you, Senator, expect that we're 

15    going to get the remaining eight budget bills 

16    later today and expected to vote on them 

17    throughout the weekend?

18                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

19    Mr. President, I don't expect that we'll be 

20    voting throughout this important Memorial Day 

21    weekend.  

22                 There's some expectation that one 

23    other budget bill may come before the weekend.  

24    And then we will finish the remaining bills next 

25    week.


                                                               4932

 1                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Thank you, 

 2    Mr. President.  If the Senator will continue to 

 3    yield.  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 5    sponsor yield? 

 6                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes, I do.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 8    Senator yields.

 9                 SENATOR O'MARA:   So at best, we 

10    might get through two of the nine remaining 

11    budget bills before the weekend.  

12                 I see no reason why these, since the 

13    school budget votes have already been taken, why 

14    these couldn't be held for the three-day waiting 

15    period to get feedback from our constituents on 

16    this.  It really makes no sense.

17                 You know, as of -- can you tell me, 

18    Senator, as of about this time yesterday 

19    afternoon, around 3:30 or so -- and it's a little 

20    after 4:00 right now today -- the word from the 

21    majorities in the Legislature were there weren't 

22    going to be any budget bills this week, we'd be 

23    doing them next week.  

24                 And then I guess the Governor 

25    pitched a fit and now, today, we miraculously 


                                                               4933

 1    came up with one budget bill to move forward and 

 2    maybe two bill before this weekend, yet we're 

 3    still proceeding with a message of necessity.

 4                 What is the urgency to move on this 

 5    today?  Because the Governor wanted it done 

 6    today?

 7                 SENATOR LIU:   Through you, 

 8    Mr. President.  As you know, Senator, sometimes 

 9    we -- oftentimes, things happen a little bit 

10    later than we expect.

11                 In this case, surprisingly, 

12    pleasantly so, we're able to move quicker than 

13    was expected yesterday.  And I for one am glad 

14    we're moving ahead with this.  

15                 Your continuing question of the need 

16    for the message of necessity -- again, we want to 

17    get this done as quickly as possible.  Getting 

18    this bill out of the way frees us up to 

19    finalizing and voting on the remaining bills.

20                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President, if the Senator will continue to 

22    yield.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

24    sponsor yield?

25                 SENATOR LIU:   Yes.


                                                               4934

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 2    sponsor yields.

 3                 SENATOR O'MARA:   Senator, once this 

 4    bill, this ELFA bill was put into print last 

 5    night, that was set.  And you can move on to 

 6    working on the other eight budget bills and wait 

 7    the three days to take that bill up so that we 

 8    would meet the constitutional requirements of a 

 9    three-day waiting period.  

10                 It just makes sense to me to be 

11    moving forward with this.

12                 Senator, thank you for your answers 

13    to the questions.  

14                 And just on the bill briefly -- 

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

16    O'Mara on the bill.

17                 SENATOR O'MARA:   -- Mr. President.

18                 I believe we're premature in 

19    bringing this bill up.  We should have a complete 

20    budget before us, every aspect of it, not moving 

21    parts.  

22                 Voting on a massive amount of 

23    spending for education without even having a 

24    revenue plan -- and the revenue bill, as far as 

25    where these -- how these revenues are going to be 


                                                               4935

 1    produced, and the other spending areas of the 

 2    budget, it's a piecemeal.  And clearly we're not 

 3    going to have the rest of the budget bills 

 4    completed before this weekend, a holiday weekend.  

 5    We'll be into next week.  

 6                 There's no reason that we couldn't 

 7    and that we shouldn't be waiting the 

 8    constitutionally required three days just so 

 9    somebody can say we got the budget process 

10    started and we passed a bill by this date.  

11                 It's by no means a complete budget.  

12    This is -- continues to be bad government.  The 

13    increases in this spending continue to be 

14    astronomical, with a 21 percent increase in State 

15    Operating Funds, the increase in the last two 

16    years far outpacing inflation.  

17                 The other side of the aisle 

18    continues to complain about the federal 

19    government and the impacts that it has, yet the 

20    spending continues to go through the roof 

21    unabated.  The spending increases are far greater 

22    than whatever cuts have been proposed by the 

23    federal government that may or may not come 

24    forth.  Those remain to be seen.  

25                 And this is not a sustainable 


                                                               4936

 1    budget, a sustainable spending plan.  It 

 2    continues to go up, far exceeding the 2 percent 

 3    increases that we require every other local 

 4    government in this state, and school district, to 

 5    abide by, or require a 60 percent vote of that, 

 6    which is not a requirement here.  We need 

 7    51 percent. 

 8                 It is just spending out of control, 

 9    spending that is higher, far higher than states 

10    larger than the State of New York.  It is just -- 

11    I don't see how it keeps going without imploding 

12    on New Yorkers.  And I think that's why we're 

13    seeing the exodus of people from New York fleeing 

14    to these other states that are now larger than 

15    us.  

16                 We continue to rely on significant 

17    revenues from Wall Street, which is a great 

18    industry in this state that we seem to be doing 

19    everything we possibly can to run it out.  We're 

20    hearing from the leaders of those major 

21    institutions of the efforts underway and the 

22    expansion that they're having in other states, 

23    particularly Texas and Florida -- that that 

24    revenue source is going to dwindle and it's going 

25    to dry up, and it's going to be a major 


                                                               4937

 1    catastrophe for this state because we have no 

 2    control over the unabated spending in this state, 

 3    and providing no relief to New York State 

 4    taxpayers.  

 5                 When affordability is the buzzword 

 6    of the day, nothing, not one tax decrease in this 

 7    budget that we've seen so far.  Eight bills 

 8    remain to come.  I won't hold my breath to see 

 9    them in there.  

10                 But this -- to complain, you know, 

11    about the federal government over and over and 

12    over, yet continually outpace increases in 

13    spending by whatever cuts there will or might 

14    possibly be coming, we continue to outspend those 

15    with no concern for that whatsoever.

16                 So, Mr. President, thank you.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

18    Borrello, why do you rise?  

19                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, I 

20    have questions on Part A, school aid, 

21    specifically dealing with the delay of the 

22    zero-emission bus mandate.

23                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

24    that would be Senator Mayer.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 


                                                               4938

 1    Mayer, do you yield for questions?  

 2                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes, I do.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 4    sponsor yields.

 5                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   All right, thank 

 6    you.  I didn't have to ask that time.  Thank you.

 7                 So, Senator Mayer, it says that 

 8    we're going to extend this mandate.  I think 

 9    we've all heard from our school districts this is 

10    unworkable, it's a huge unfunded mandate, perhaps 

11    the biggest we've ever laid upon a school.  

12                 But the question is, why five years?  

13    What's the significance of delaying it five 

14    years?

15                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President, this is actually a very 

17    significant victory for the school community.  

18    Many of them expressed strong reservations and 

19    concerns.  

20                 This just delays the bus requirement 

21    for purchasing or leasing to July 1, 2032, and 

22    the deadline by which schools may only operate or 

23    maintain to July 1, 2040.  So we have a 

24    substantial amount of time ahead of us, and we're 

25    confident that many schools have already started 


                                                               4939

 1    this process and others will continue to.  

 2                 And five years is a very reasonable 

 3    amount of time, coupled with the other kinds of 

 4    provisions we have enacted which reflect concerns 

 5    by school districts.

 6                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

 7    will the sponsor continue to yield?

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 9    sponsor yield?  

10                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

12    sponsor yields.

13                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Well, so I guess 

14    I'm -- you know, five years was just an arbitrary 

15    number that you feel that -- you think in 

16    five years, for example, that these school buses 

17    will be cheaper or they'll be, you know, better 

18    or they'll be able to last longer, they'll be 

19    able to last in our upstate cold winters without 

20    having to turn the heat off, like the reports we 

21    heard?  

22                 Do you think in five years -- have 

23    you been assured that the technology is going to 

24    improve that much in the next five years that we 

25    won't have the problems that we're seeing right 


                                                               4940

 1    now?

 2                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

 3    Mr. President.  My colleague is throwing sort of 

 4    every complaint about electric school buses.  

 5                 Let me start by saying that we in 

 6    the Majority are committed to the transition to a 

 7    clean energy economy.  When we passed this in the 

 8    '22-'23 budget we thought the amount of time was 

 9    reasonable.  We put a good deal of money in 

10    there, including in the Bond Act and other 

11    provisions.  

12                 We've now put additional funds in 

13    there.  We've worked closely with the school 

14    community.  And we're confident that within the 

15    five-year extension both for the purchase and the 

16    operation of electric school buses, that schools 

17    will be able to meet this deadline, and it will 

18    protect both the children and the staff of the 

19    schools.

20                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

21    will the sponsor continue to yield? 

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

23    sponsor yield?

24                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 


                                                               4941

 1    sponsor yields.

 2                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   So you brought 

 3    up funding.  I think you're well aware that these 

 4    electric school buses themselves are much more 

 5    expensive, about triple the price of a 

 6    traditional gas or diesel school bus.  

 7                 And that doesn't include the cost of 

 8    infrastructure.  Some of the rural school 

 9    districts that I represent are telling me that 

10    it's going to be hundreds of thousands if not 

11    millions of dollars to upgrade their 

12    infrastructure.  And because of all of the green 

13    energy mandates, the actual ability to deliver 

14    those infrastructure improvements could be three 

15    or five years out.

16                 But let's just stay focused on the 

17    cost first.  Is there additional funding in this 

18    budget so that they can actually execute this?  

19    Because as far as I know, it's about an eight to 

20    $10 billion delta, upside down, how much more it 

21    will cost for an electric school bus than for gas 

22    or diesel, and we've only provided less than a 

23    billion so far.  

24                 So how are we going to make up that 

25    delta?  


                                                               4942

 1                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

 2    Mr. President.  First place, let me just remind 

 3    my colleague we passed the Environment Bond Act 

 4    and allocated 500 million.  Last year in the 

 5    Sustainable Futures Fund, we put in another 

 6    hundred million.  

 7                 At the time the bill was enacted, 

 8    there was federal money which was used by all the 

 9    school districts.  In addition, NYSERDA provides 

10    the money for the study.  

11                 So we're confident with that, and 

12    hopefully additional money in the Sustainable 

13    Futures fund this year, as well as other 

14    provisions, that there will be the funding as 

15    well as the safety needed to achieve this goal.  

16    And we feel quite confident about that.

17                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

18    will the sponsor continue to yield?  

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

20    sponsor yield?

21                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

23    sponsor yields.  

24                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   So, yeah, the 

25    federal money was a one-time thing.  That's gone.  


                                                               4943

 1    I think we're looking at, you know, roughly about 

 2    a billion or so dollars that you've said was 

 3    allocated by the state.  

 4                 So are you  going to assure our 

 5    school districts now that that additional we'll 

 6    call it 7 to 9 billion dollars will not be an 

 7    unfunded mandate on our school taxpayers?

 8                 SENATOR MAYER:   Well, through you, 

 9    Mr. President, let me just add to that.  

10                 When you purchase a school bus or 

11    you engage in transportation costs, they are 

12    reimbursed by the State Education Department at 

13    the ratio.

14                 We have also added reimbursement for 

15    additional infrastructure costs associated with 

16    electric school buses.  So in addition to the 

17    funds I described, there is an ongoing 

18    reimbursement for the cost of buses for every 

19    district, depending on their reimbursement 

20    methodology.

21                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

22    will the sponsor continue to yield.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

24    sponsor yield?

25                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.


                                                               4944

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 2    sponsor yields.  

 3                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Well, if that 

 4    was always the case, then why have we heard from 

 5    literally every school district that this is 

 6    going to be devastating for their budgets?  

 7                 If that was all enough, then why 

 8    would we have this amazing outcry across the 

 9    state from school districts that it's just not 

10    enough?  I mean, you're saying that there's money 

11    there and it should be fine.  But it's not fine, 

12    right?

13                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President.  I would point out when the state 

15    enacts a law that requires schools to do 

16    something that is not 100 percent reimbursed by 

17    the state, of course schools complain.  

18                 Whether it's full-day pre-K, the 

19    cost of educating a student, which is also 

20    dependent on property tax revenue, New York State 

21    does not pay 100 percent of every educational 

22    cost.  Our system is built on a rubric of state 

23    funds, where there are federal funds, and as well 

24    as property taxes.  

25                 So I'm confident that schools will 


                                                               4945

 1    have the funding from a variety of sources to 

 2    meet this requirement in the extended period of 

 3    time which, as I note, is a long way in the 

 4    future.

 5                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

 6    will the sponsor continue to yield?  

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 8    sponsor yield?

 9                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.  

12                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   I think now on 

13    two occasions I've tried to attach an amendment 

14    to force a study.  I think there's very little we 

15    do in the state that we don't study first, like 

16    almost nothing -- except for this.  

17                 So will this also include in this 

18    five years, this long time that we have, a study 

19    to determine whether or not this is feasible 

20    everywhere in New York State?

21                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

22    Mr. President.  No, there's not a provision about 

23    a study in here.  

24                 There are a number of studies done, 

25    both on schools and on other buses that are in 


                                                               4946

 1    sync with the arguments that I am saying here 

 2    that are in the bill we're enacting today.  

 3                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Mr. President, 

 4    on the bill.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   

 6    Senator Borrello on the bill.

 7                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Senator Mayer, 

 8    thank you.

 9                 You know, obviously we welcome this 

10    extension, this delay.  And quite frankly, it's 

11    because of the advocacy of myself and my 

12    colleagues on this side of the aisle that has 

13    really brought this forward and made it part of 

14    the conversation.  

15                 But you know what?  Back in 2019 all 

16    those mandates of the CLCPA seemed like they were 

17    a long way away.  And all of a sudden they're 

18    here.  So to say that all of a sudden something 

19    is going to change in five years, unless we do 

20    something to make it change, I don't know that 

21    it's going to happen.  

22                 I mean, when the government mandates 

23    something, when the government says you have to 

24    buy something, when does it ever make it cheaper 

25    or better?  The government mandates we have to 


                                                               4947

 1    have car insurance in New York State.  We have 

 2    the most expensive car insurance in America, 

 3    because you have to have it.  

 4                 We already have a backlog of these 

 5    electric school buses here and in other states 

 6    across the state.  They can't produce them fast 

 7    enough.  Apparently the Chinese can't get the 

 8    batteries here fast enough.

 9                 But my point is, when we mandate 

10    this, whether it's 2027, whether it's 2030, 

11    whether it's 2035, whether it's 2040, we haven't 

12    done a thing to ensure that this is actually 

13    going to be feasible and cost-effective and, most 

14    importantly, safe for our children.

15                 So I welcome this.  But I hope that 

16    in five years, the additional five years that 

17    we're giving, this longer runway that the 

18    Governor likes to talk about, we're actually 

19    going to do something productive and effective to 

20    ensure that this is actually going to be feasible 

21    and practical and affordable for the people of 

22    New York State.  "Affordable" is a word that gets 

23    thrown around in this chamber a lot.  This is not 

24    affordable, and it may not be even with a 

25    five-year-longer runway.  


                                                               4948

 1                 So Mr. President, I'm supportive of 

 2    this idea but still skeptical.  

 3                 Thank you.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 5    Chan, why do you rise?

 6                 SENATOR CHAN:   Thank you, 

 7    Mr. President.  

 8                 I was hoping to ask some questions 

 9    on Part B, evidence-based math instruction.

10                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

11    Part B is also Senator Mayer.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

13    Mayer, would you yield for a question?  

14                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes, I do.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

16    sponsor yields.

17                 SENATOR CHAN:   Thank you, Senator.

18                 Can you define "evidence-based math 

19    instruction"?  What is it?

20                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President.  What is in this bill is a 

22    requirement that the State Education Department 

23    provide school districts with evidence-based 

24    instructional best practices for numeracy and the 

25    teaching of math for students in Grades K-5 by 


                                                               4949

 1    January 1, 2027.  

 2                 The bill defers to the State 

 3    Education Department, which is the expert on 

 4    issues of model curriculum and best practices, to 

 5    come up with these materials.

 6                 SENATOR CHAN:   And through you, 

 7    Mr. President, will the Senator continue to 

 8    yield?  

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

10    sponsor yield?

11                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

13    sponsor yields.

14                 SENATOR CHAN:   Thank you.  

15                 So is this a whole new curriculum 

16    that the teachers must relearn and apply into 

17    teaching their students?

18                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

19    Mr. President.  As I believe my colleague knows, 

20    curriculum is driven at the local level.  The 

21    State Education Department provides guidelines 

22    and guidance for schools.  

23                 This bill provides that by 

24    September 1, 2027, districts must verify that 

25    their curriculum and instructional practices for 


                                                               4950

 1    teaching math from kindergarten through five 

 2    align with the best practices provided by the 

 3    SED.  

 4                 So it's not a curriculum mandate.  

 5    There's going to be best practices drafted by the 

 6    State Education Department, and schools are going 

 7    to have to assess that they align with those best 

 8    practices.

 9                 SENATOR CHAN:   Through you, 

10    Mr. President, will the Senator continue to 

11    yield?  

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

13    sponsor yield?

14                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

16    sponsor yields.  

17                 SENATOR CHAN:   Okay.  So between 

18    the years 2014 and 2024 I was a school volunteer 

19    for that period of 10 years in two schools.  One 

20    is a local zone school and the other one is a 

21    screened-in middle school.  In fact, the elapsed 

22    time that I worked in these two schools is 

23    13 years.  

24                 In that time I saw the schools, both 

25    schools, transition from Go Math to Eureka Math 


                                                               4951

 1    to I-Ready -- which, by the way, I-Ready and 

 2    Illustrative Math, these latter two identifies a 

 3    student's weakness and vulnerabilities and 

 4    provides a personalized online lesson plan to 

 5    help them stay on-track and improve.  And it 

 6    works.  I've seen it.  

 7                 So are we doing away with these two 

 8    particular programs, Illustrative Math and 

 9    I-Ready?  

10                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

11    Mr. President.  We're not doing away, we are 

12    deferring to the State Education Department to 

13    come up with a best-practices model.  

14                 And if the two models that my 

15    colleague referenced are deemed to be best 

16    practices, I would assume they'll be considered 

17    and included in the final provisions by SED.

18                 SENATOR CHAN:   Through you, 

19    Mr. President, would the Senator continue to 

20    yield?

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

22    sponsor yield?

23                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

25    sponsor yields.  


                                                               4952

 1                 SENATOR CHAN:   So what is the 

 2    reason for this new math instruction this year?

 3                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

 4    Mr. President.  Well, this was I believe 

 5    originally proposed by the Governor in her 

 6    Executive Budget.

 7                 I think it reflects a broad 

 8    consensus that we need our students to be 

 9    stronger in math, particularly in the younger 

10    grades, so that they can move into more advanced 

11    math.

12                 And it is one of the approaches 

13    states are taking to ensure that students in the 

14    early grades have the basics that they need in 

15    order to proceed to more advanced math.

16                 SENATOR CHAN:   Through you, 

17    Madam President, will the Senator continue to 

18    yield.  

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

20    sponsor yield?

21                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

23    sponsor yields.

24                 SENATOR CHAN:   So the Governor's 

25    idea that we need this, was there any parent or 


                                                               4953

 1    teacher input?  

 2                 Because I know the teachers are 

 3    going to have to retrain.  And every time they've 

 4    found something that works and they're getting 

 5    used to it, learning how to apply a certain 

 6    method of teaching and they're getting good at 

 7    it, they have to retrain them to something else.

 8                 Was there parent and teacher input 

 9    in this decision?  

10                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

11    Mr. President.  I don't know which teachers were 

12    spoken to by the Governor's office.  

13                 I would just say that SED and the 

14    rest of us talk to teachers and teacher 

15    representatives all the time.  And I am confident 

16    that teachers will have a voice.  

17                 I would point out to my colleague 

18    the fact that when you have to change how you 

19    teach, like we did with the science of reading, 

20    this is not always a bad thing.  It's frequently 

21    a way to improve the outcomes. 

22                 We're supportive of change.  If 

23    things work the way they were done, we wouldn't 

24    have to look at all new approaches or continue to 

25    modify it.  That's the nature of improvement.


                                                               4954

 1                 SENATOR CHAN:   Through you, 

 2    Mr. President, will the Senator continue to 

 3    yield?  

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 5    sponsor yield?

 6                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 8    sponsor yields.

 9                 SENATOR CHAN:   So who's going to 

10    participate in developing the state's whole "best 

11    practices" recommendations?

12                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

13    Mr. President.  The bill does not specify who the 

14    State Education Department will work with in 

15    developing these best practices.

16                 SENATOR CHAN:   Through you, 

17    Mr. President, would the Senator continue to 

18    yield.  

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

20    sponsor yield? 

21                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

22                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

23    sponsor yields.

24                 SENATOR CHAN:   So will the state 

25    provide funding for curriculum replacement, 


                                                               4955

 1    teacher retraining, and instructional materials?

 2                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

 3    Mr. President.  This bill does not provide that.  

 4                 I assume in the next year's budget, 

 5    as we continue to increase education funding for 

 6    every school district, every school district in 

 7    the state to get more Foundation Aid, we will 

 8    continue to address the needs of every school 

 9    district.  

10                 SENATOR CHAN:   Through you, 

11    Mr. President, would the Senator continue to 

12    yield.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

14    sponsor yield?

15                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

17    sponsor yields.

18                 SENATOR CHAN:   Thank you.

19                 How will the education commissioner 

20    determine if the new math instruction is in fact 

21    effective?  Is it through test scores or math 

22    comprehension?

23                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President.  My colleague is asking about the 

25    bill.  The bill directs the commissioner and the 


                                                               4956

 1    State Ed Department to provide evidence-based 

 2    instructional best practices without a great deal 

 3    of description.

 4                 I am confident, having worked with 

 5    them on the science of reading and other issues, 

 6    that they are going to have to, as the experts in 

 7    education -- and that's what they are, under the 

 8    Board of Regents -- they will determine what are 

 9    the best practices and what is the evidence-based 

10    instruction that they recommend for all schools.

11                 SENATOR CHAN:   Through you, 

12    Mr. President, will the Senator continue to 

13    yield.  

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

15    sponsor yield?

16                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

18    Senator yields.

19                 SENATOR CHAN:   Thank you.

20                 When should we or can we expect to 

21    see a rise in test scores after implementation of 

22    the new math programming?

23                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President.  I don't think that's a question, 

25    in all good faith, that I can answer, when test 


                                                               4957

 1    scores would rise.  I would hope it would be this 

 2    year.  I would hope it would be next year.  I'm 

 3    sure my colleague agrees.

 4                 This is the part of the goal of 

 5    improving testing scores -- not only test scores, 

 6    but actual math knowledge and ability to do 

 7    complex math.

 8                 SENATOR CHAN:   Thank you, 

 9    Mr. President.  On the bill.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

11    Chan on the bill.

12                 SENATOR CHAN:   Okay, so in the 

13    past, between the years 2014, when my older 

14    daughter started the first grade, and 2024, when 

15    I couldn't volunteer in the schools anymore, 

16    finding little time to do so, I saw our teachers 

17    in two schools struggle with new curriculum.  

18                 They work a lot on their own time.  

19    And just when they were refining their method of 

20    teaching in a certain way, and we saw scores 

21    improve, and then with the new program we saw it 

22    decline.  And then a couple of years later, when 

23    they're getting used to it, we saw the scores 

24    improve again.  

25                 And lately, we're -- right now, 


                                                               4958

 1    New York State spends over $41,000 per student 

 2    per year, and that's the highest in the nation.  

 3    And yet our math scores are once again on the 

 4    decline.  

 5                 So what it sounds like to me is that 

 6    this evidence-based math instruction is going 

 7    back to the basics of counting fingers, like one 

 8    plus one equals two.  Which is something that the 

 9    teachers do anyway.

10                 So I certainly hope this is going to 

11    bring up our math scores in the state tests and 

12    make our children have a better comprehension of 

13    math.  That will give a better reflection of the 

14    money that we're spending on our students.

15                 Thank you very much.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

17    you, Senator Chan.

18                 Senator Martins, why do you rise?

19                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you, 

20    Mr. President.

21                 I was hoping that Senator Mayer 

22    would yield for a few questions on Part B.  

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

24    Mayer, will you yield?

25                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.  Let me get to 


                                                               4959

 1    Part B.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    sponsor yields.  

 4                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you.  

 5                 I just want to make sure I'm 

 6    correct, Senator.  It's a continuing discussion 

 7    on the evidence-based math questions you've just 

 8    fielded before we move on to other topics.  

 9                 Is it correct that this part will 

10    require that this new evidence-based math 

11    instruction has to be implemented in school 

12    districts by September 1, 2027?

13                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President.  Again, the language is more 

15    nuanced than what my colleague is describing.  

16                 School districts by that day must 

17    verify that their curriculum and instructional 

18    practices for teaching math align with the best 

19    practices.  That is not the -- that is different 

20    than imposing a curriculum.  

21                 So there's an alignment of the best 

22    practices as determined by this evidence-based 

23    review, and that's what the bill requires.

24                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Appreciate it.  

25    Thank you.


                                                               4960

 1                 Mr. President, if the Senator will 

 2    continue to yield?  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Does the 

 4    sponsor yield?

 5                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

 6                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 7    sponsor yields.

 8                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So if we could, 

 9    just for clarity for our school districts, if we 

10    work backwards from that date, and if this were 

11    to pass and be signed into law, that would set I 

12    guess a perhaps 15-month-or-so timeline in which 

13    our school districts would have to align with 

14    these new criteria, although we don't have any 

15    particulars.  Certainly we haven't seen them.  

16                 And so to the extent that I expect 

17    our school districts haven't seen them, when can 

18    we assure our school districts that they will 

19    have particulars and policies that they can 

20    actually begin reviewing for purposes of reaching 

21    that September 1, 2027, timeline?  

22                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

23    Mr. President.  Again, the bill doesn't say when 

24    SED must begin the contracting process or the 

25    review process.  


                                                               4961

 1                 But I would remind my colleagues, 

 2    just like the science of reading, we're in a very 

 3    short window.  We, through the Governor's 

 4    leadership, began to greatly change the way we 

 5    approach the science of reading to an 

 6    evidence-based methodology.  

 7                 This has a short timeline.  Once the 

 8    bill passes, I'm confident SED will advise us of 

 9    the timeline and we will see in enough time to 

10    advise our school districts what the methodology 

11    that they recommend is and how quickly they can 

12    enact it.

13                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President, if the Senator would continue to 

15    yield.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

17    sponsor yield? 

18                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:  The 

20    sponsor yields.

21                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So I've heard on 

22    a number of occasions references to the Governor, 

23    now the Governor's leadership.  Can you tell us 

24    whether you know how the Governor came upon this 

25    concept?  Did this come from the Governor's 


                                                               4962

 1    office?  Did it come from the State Education 

 2    Department?  Did it come from a think tank?  

 3                 Where did this originate, if you 

 4    know?

 5                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

 6    Mr. President.  The Governor had this in her 

 7    Executive Budget.  

 8                 I would say, as one who represents 

 9    the State of New York on the Education Commission 

10    of the States, this is a national issue.  Every 

11    state, and particularly many states who are 

12    challenged by the results in math scores, are 

13    looking at how to improve math outcomes.  

14                 This is very consistent with what 

15    states are doing.  They're looking at best 

16    practices, evidence-based methodology.  And I 

17    believe the Governor is in sync with other states 

18    and other governors -- many Republican governors, 

19    I would point out -- who are looking at how to 

20    improve math outcomes.  And I would presume that 

21    that was what guided her.  

22                 But this was in the 

23    Executive Budget.  We have adopted it.  We 

24    believe it's sound, thoughtful, and will result 

25    in better outcomes for our kids.  And at the end 


                                                               4963

 1    of the day, that's what we're here for.

 2                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you, 

 3    Mr. President.  Thank you, Senator Mayer.  

 4                 On the bill.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 6    Martins on the bill.

 7                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So, 

 8    Mr. President, I recall all too well and not too 

 9    fondly the experiment that was Common Core.  I 

10    think many of my colleagues here in the room also 

11    recall that experiment and the impact on our 

12    school districts, the impact on our teachers, the 

13    impact on our parents, and most importantly the 

14    impact on our students across New York State from 

15    implementing a change in curriculum.  

16                 So when we ask questions about where 

17    this came from and where is the evidence-based 

18    criteria that led to evidence-based changes in 

19    math curricula, I think we need to have some 

20    particulars about where it came from.  

21                 To be perfectly frank, I do not care 

22    for politicians getting involved in curricula 

23    when it comes to teaching our children, whether 

24    it is a Democrat governor or whether it's a 

25    Republican governor or any governor.  If we do 


                                                               4964

 1    not have a basis for it that is rooted in 

 2    education, in education policy, in policy that 

 3    comes from -- whether it's professionals or those 

 4    teachers themselves or those who have dedicated 

 5    themselves to the education of our children here 

 6    in New York or elsewhere, we're missing the mark.  

 7                 The fact that we can sit here and 

 8    discuss changing math for every child K through 

 9    5th grade in New York State and not have the 

10    ability to have an actual discussion of what that 

11    means, should be frightening to everyone who sits 

12    in this chamber.  I can tell you it's going to be 

13    frightening to our teachers, to our parents -- 

14    who may not necessarily understand what it is 

15    this means.

16                 Folks, we've been through this 

17    before.  The idea of sending this off to the 

18    State Education Department, hoping that they come 

19    up with criteria in time to properly provide it 

20    to our school districts and to our professionals 

21    who are teaching our children, in time for them 

22    to be able to implement by September 1, 2027, is 

23    wrong.  

24                 And just because the Governor 

25    decided to do it, frankly, that's the worst 


                                                               4965

 1    reason for us to be doing this.  I would prefer 

 2    to have heard somebody say that this came from, 

 3    you know, a university or a study.  But saying 

 4    that the Governor decided to do it, even with 

 5    other governors, whatever partisan persuasion 

 6    they happen to be, should be a concern for us.  

 7                 We all want what's best for our 

 8    students.  We all want to see increased math 

 9    scores.  We all know, and certainly our residents 

10    know that they've certainly invested 

11    significantly in the education of our children.  

12    We pay more per child on education than anyone 

13    else perhaps in the world.  

14                 So yes, our parents and our 

15    residents deserve to know that that money is 

16    being properly invested and that they are getting 

17    the results for that.  That does not mean we 

18    signed off just because the Governor said she 

19    thinks it's a good idea without providing the 

20    necessary details that allow us to properly 

21    evaluate it.

22                 With that, Mr. President, I would 

23    ask if there is someone who can speak to Part P.

24                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

25    that would be Senator Kavanagh.


                                                               4966

 1                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you.  Thank 

 2    you.  Mr. President, if the sponsor would yield.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 4    sponsor yield? 

 5                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Happily, 

 6    Mr. President.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 8    sponsor yields.

 9                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So, Senator, 

10    Part P deals with changes to the law in allowing 

11    for an expansion of protections for tenants in 

12    the definition of harassment of tenants in 

13    rent-regulated apartments.

14                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Yes.

15                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Does this change 

16    also include protections for tenants who are 

17    living in New York City Housing Authority 

18    apartments, in addition to those that are 

19    privately owned?

20                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President, I want to provide just a little 

22    context here.  

23                 This is a bill that deals 

24    specifically with tenants in rent-stabilized 

25    buildings where the landlord engages, 


                                                               4967

 1    intentionally engages in specific conduct with 

 2    the intent of getting the tenant to leave the 

 3    apartment.  

 4                 It's been longstanding law.  This 

 5    bill -- under current law, it can be a modest 

 6    crime to do that to one tenant.  It can be a more 

 7    significant crime to do it to two tenants.  But 

 8    the two tenants have to be in the same building, 

 9    under current law, for it to be a more serious 

10    crime.  

11                 What this bill does is makes it 

12    clear that if you're harassing two different 

13    tenants at the same time -- they could be in two 

14    buildings or one building -- you're still 

15    violating the standard for the aggravated level 

16    of harassment.  

17                 And there's a further penalty if 

18    you're currently intentionally harassing three or 

19    more tenants in multiple buildings with the goal 

20    of getting them to vacate the apartment.  

21                 So this has been brought to us as an 

22    issue that the Manhattan district attorney has 

23    designated for some cases where landlords were 

24    perceived to be doing that harassment.  

25                 It's -- whether -- what the 


                                                               4968

 1    penalties would be for one of our many housing 

 2    authorities if they chose to harass their tenants 

 3    would be, you know, it's not relevant to this 

 4    bill.  I'm not sure, but I'm not aware of a lot 

 5    of instances of public housing authorities 

 6    harassing their tenants with the intent of 

 7    getting them to leave.  

 8                 So this -- and this bill is not 

 9    germane to that particular situation.  

10                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you, 

11    Senator.  

12                 Mr. President, on the bill.

13                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

14    Martins on the bill.

15                 SENATOR MARTINS:   So this 

16    particular part, as Senator Kavanagh mentioned, 

17    deals with the definition of harassment or 

18    providing for criminal penalties in the event 

19    that there is harassment of tenants in certain 

20    apartment units.  

21                 And therefore my question.  One of 

22    the largest apartment owners in the city happens 

23    to be the city itself.  Through NYCHA, they have 

24    120,000, 130,000 units or so where there are 

25    500,000 New York City -- New York State residents 


                                                               4969

 1    residing.  And it's widely regarded to be, by 

 2    far, the worst landlord in the city, in the 

 3    state, perhaps in the entire country.  

 4                 The living conditions for tenants 

 5    living in NYCHA apartments -- it's easy to see.  

 6    Everyone can just do a quick Google search and 

 7    you can see instances where there have been 

 8    systemic harassment of tenants.  

 9                 But I point everyone's attention to 

10    instances where NYCHA itself has been accused and 

11    charged with trying to force people out of their 

12    apartments.  You know, specifically there are 

13    instances at the Fulton & Elliott-Chelsea 

14    apartments where they've clearly been charged 

15    with trying to remove tenants so that those 

16    apartments and those buildings can be torn down 

17    and rebuilt.

18                 And my question for us is as we go 

19    and discuss this in the context of 

20    rent-stabilized housing for all the privately 

21    owned buildings out there, how do we forget those 

22    tenants who are living in government-subsidized 

23    housing and who we know time and again are facing 

24    some of the worst conditions.  And we have 

25    examples where they are actually harassing people 


                                                               4970

 1    to leave their apartments.

 2                 Now, you know I don't represent a 

 3    district in New York City.  You know I don't have 

 4    NYCHA apartments in my district.  But I know that 

 5    many here in this room do.  And so if we're going 

 6    to provide protections for tenants, let's make 

 7    sure we include all tenants, including those 

 8    tenants who happen to be tenants of the worst 

 9    landlord in the Western Hemisphere.

10                 So with that, Mr. President, I'd 

11    like to speak to Part O.  Now, Part O is -- on 

12    the bill.  

13                 Part O allows for a private cause of 

14    action or a private right of action by tenants 

15    under a J-51 program.  That is when people 

16    actually come in and say, I'm going to make 

17    improvements to these apartments.  

18                 If they don't follow all of the 

19    regulations and all of the rules with regard to 

20    those apartments and those improvements, it gives 

21    the tenant a private right of action.  But once 

22    again, Mr. President, once again that only 

23    applies to rent-stabilized housing.  It doesn't 

24    apply to NYCHA housing.  

25                 So if we were going to allow a 


                                                               4971

 1    private right of action, why wouldn't we allow a 

 2    private right of action to those tenants who are 

 3    living in NYCHA housing where the systemic 

 4    failure in heat, water, electricity, vermin 

 5    infestation, lead, mold, is common?  

 6                 You know, if we're going to protect 

 7    tenants -- and there are a half-million residents 

 8    who are living, many of them in significantly 

 9    difficult conditions, as has been identified and 

10    we all know about it -- certainly those who have 

11    NYCHA apartments in their districts know about 

12    it -- why are we excluding those tenants and not 

13    affording them those same protections?  

14                 And so I would ask and certainly 

15    suggest that when we're out there providing 

16    conditions for tenants and protections for 

17    tenants, why we would systemically fail to 

18    include those tenants who are living in NYCHA 

19    facilities?  

20                 Mr. President, I appreciate the 

21    time.  I want to thank my colleagues for their 

22    answers.  I'll leave it at that.

23                 Thank you.

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Thank 

25    you, Senator Martins.


                                                               4972

 1                 Senator Helming, why do you rise?

 2                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you, 

 3    Mr. President.  If the sponsor would yield for a 

 4    few questions on Part A.

 5                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

 6    we're back to Senator Mayer.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 8    Mayer, would you yield for a few questions?  

 9                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes, of course.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

11    Mayer yields.

12                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

13                 Through you, Mr. President.  During 

14    an earlier debate I had made a note of something 

15    that was said, that sometimes change is good 

16    because with change comes improved outcomes.  And 

17    I was thrilled to hear that, and made a note of 

18    it because change is what I want to talk about.  

19    Change is what I have questions about.  

20                 When New York State commissioned the 

21    Rockefeller Institute, we paid them to take a 

22    look at the way we fund public schools and 

23    education.  And the institute came back with a 

24    number of recommendations.  One of those 

25    recommendations was that we should look at 


                                                               4973

 1    separating some elements of the Foundation Aid 

 2    formula, such as special education, as 

 3    categorical aid, which would be more effective.

 4                 So my question is, does the budget 

 5    proposal before us reflect this recommendation?

 6                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

 7    Mr. President.  No, this budget document does not 

 8    reflect that.  But I would note that -- (pause).

 9                 So let me be correct here.  The 

10    current budget does not reflect an increase for 

11    special ed.  I happen to support such an increase 

12    and believe that it's necessary for many 

13    districts and necessary in order to meet the 

14    expenses of profoundly disabled children.  

15                 That being said, last year we 

16    amended several provisions of the Foundation Aid 

17    formula in response to the Rockefeller 

18    Institute's recommendations -- which I would 

19    point out were sort of a menu, as opposed to a 

20    specific proposal.  

21                 But this budget does not include an 

22    additional weighting for special-needs students.

23                 SENATOR HELMING:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President, if the sponsor will continue to 

25    yield.


                                                               4974

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 2    sponsor yield?

 3                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 5    sponsor yields.

 6                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

 7                 The Rockefeller Institute findings 

 8    also noted a need to modernize how district 

 9    wealth is measured so aid calculations better 

10    reflect the actual financial realities of a 

11    community.

12                 Does the budget before us 

13    incorporate any changes in how district wealth is 

14    measured?

15                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

16    Mr. President, no.

17                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

18                 Through you, Mr. President, I do 

19    have a question on Part B, if the sponsor will 

20    yield for a few questions.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

22    Gianaris?

23                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   That remains 

24    Senator Mayer.  

25                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes, I will yield.


                                                               4975

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 2    sponsor yields.  

 3                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

 4                 So in prior back-and-forth debate 

 5    over Part B, which is titled "Evidence-Based Math 

 6    Instruction," I just want to be clear that I 

 7    support doing anything that we can to elevate our 

 8    children, improving their scores.  

 9                 But what I didn't hear during any of 

10    the debates, and my question is, how are we going 

11    to measure the success of this program?  Does the 

12    budget include any language?

13                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President, no.  The bill does not reflect the 

15    measurements.  

16                 But we have standardized 

17    measurements.  We have math and ELA tests that 

18    are taken in Grade 3 through 8, as well as 

19    national standards that reflect other tests.  And 

20    we have decent data about how our students are 

21    doing in math, which needs to continue to 

22    improve.

23                 So I'm confident that once this is 

24    implemented, the direct hope is it will result in 

25    higher test scores and higher learning.  Test 


                                                               4976

 1    scores are not the only game in town.  But that 

 2    students are prepared to take more advanced 

 3    classes in math.

 4                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.

 5                 Through you, Mr. President, if the 

 6    sponsor will continue to yield.  

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Will the 

 8    sponsor yield?

 9                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.  

12                 SENATOR HELMING:   So it wasn't too 

13    long ago, in a prior budget, where we included 

14    something about the science of reading, a 

15    Governor's initiative, and it had to be 

16    implemented by our schools by September of 2025.  

17    It sounds kind of similar to what we're trying to 

18    do now with math.  

19                 Do we have any data that shows that 

20    this new mandate on our schools is having a 

21    positive outcome?

22                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

23    Mr. President.  Conceptually, the effort towards 

24    the science of reading was similar in some ways.  

25                 This is a much more modest approach, 


                                                               4977

 1    really in every way.  But the science of reading 

 2    implementation did not take place until 

 3    September 1 of this year, so we have yet to see 

 4    the results.

 5                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.  

 6                 On the bill, Mr. President.

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 8    Helming on the bill.

 9                 SENATOR HELMING:   Thank you.

10                 In 2024 the State of New York 

11    commissioned the Rockefeller Institute to analyze 

12    and modernize the way that the state funds public 

13    education.  And I remember when that happened 

14    being supportive of it, because I felt very 

15    strongly, based on information I have heard from 

16    my school districts, from taxpayers, from good 

17    government groups, that this is an area where we 

18    spend a lot of money.  You know, the success of 

19    our children is very important.  

20                 And it's unfortunate to me that the 

21    budget that's before us, it largely supports 

22    continuing the same approach to educational 

23    funding instead of addressing those underlying 

24    challenges that districts and taxpayers have 

25    repeatedly been asking us to fix.


                                                               4978

 1                 We shouldn't be ignoring those key 

 2    recommendations of the Rockefeller report, we 

 3    should be incorporating them.  

 4                 When I hear from my school 

 5    districts, I'm sure it's very similar to other 

 6    school districts where one of the most -- the 

 7    highest cost is related to special education 

 8    costs.  They continue to grow dramatically.  In 

 9    one district located in Ontario County, the 

10    number of students requiring special education 

11    services has increased by 700 percent over the 

12    last 15 years.  

13                 In a small school district in 

14    Livingston County, out-of-district placements for 

15    high-needs students now cost well over $1 million 

16    annually. 

17                 These aren't isolated situations, 

18    and they're becoming more and more common across 

19    upstate New York.

20                 The Rockefeller Institute, 

21    commissioned by the state, recommended changes 

22    that could provide more transparency and 

23    flexibility, including separating certain 

24    expenses, like special education, into 

25    categorical aid streams and allowing districts 


                                                               4979

 1    greater flexibility within the combined wealth 

 2    ratio calculation.

 3                 And I just wanted to provide another 

 4    example.  In the Gananda Central School District 

 5    alone, changes to the weighting of property and 

 6    income wealth could increase Foundation Aid by as 

 7    much as $800 per student.  That would help 

 8    relieve the immense -- and I can't stress it 

 9    enough, the immense pressure on our local 

10    taxpayers.  

11                 The reality is that this budget 

12    continues to provide temporary relief in some 

13    areas while delaying more meaningful reforms that 

14    many schools have been calling for year 

15    after year.

16                 And I have to say, on that temporary 

17    relief, I fully support the pushback on the 

18    EV mandate.  But again, it's just temporary.  It 

19    does nothing long term to fix the challenges that 

20    our school districts have.

21                 As we move forward, I hope we take a 

22    more serious look at modernizing the state's 

23    approach to determining fair and adequate funding 

24    for smaller and rural school districts.  They 

25    deserve the same resources, their students 


                                                               4980

 1    deserve the same support, and local taxpayers 

 2    deserve a break.  They shouldn't continually be 

 3    asked to shoulder more of the burden.

 4                 Thank you.

 5                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

 6    you, Senator Helming.  

 7                 Senator Walczyk, why do you rise? 

 8                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Mr. President, I 

 9    would like to ask a question on Part NN from the 

10    one-house budget.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

12    Gianaris.  

13                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Mr. President, 

14    it's a special budget edition of Walczyk 

15    Wednesday today.

16                 (Laughter.)

17                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Seeing how there 

18    is no Part NN, I guess I will attempt to answer 

19    the Senator's question.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

21    Walczyk, Senator Gianaris yields.

22                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

23    Mr. President.  So in the one-house budget that 

24    was brought in this chamber, there was a -- it 

25    provided for a 100 percent service-connected 


                                                               4981

 1    disabled veterans' property tax exemption.  

 2                 Is that included in this bill?

 3                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   No, it is not.

 4                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

 5    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

 6    yield?

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 8    sponsor yield?

 9                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Yes.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.

12                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And I've heard 

13    from a number of veterans that are 100 percent 

14    service-connected disabled that were disappointed 

15    in the way the Governor did a chapter amendment 

16    to basically strip out that benefit for veterans.  

17    And I think that's why it was inserted in the 

18    one-house.

19                 Is there a reason why it isn't in 

20    the final bill here today?

21                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Well, as the 

22    Senator pointed out, that was Part NN.  This 

23    current bill before us goes up to Part R.  So 

24    there were 22 or 23 parts that are no longer in 

25    this bill.  


                                                               4982

 1                 There are eight additional bills to 

 2    come before the budget is done, so who knows.  It 

 3    may or may not show up before we're done.

 4                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Thank you.  

 5                 And through you, Mr. President, I 

 6    have some questions on Part A.

 7                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   That would be 

 8    Senator Mayer.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

10    you, Senator.  

11                 Senator Mayer, do you yield to 

12    questions on Part A?  

13                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

15    Senator yields.

16                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Thank you.

17                 Through you, Mr. President.  The 

18    Governor proposed in her budget a cut to 

19    Library Construction Aid this year.  The library 

20    associations asked for $175 million in 

21    construction aid.  Is that what this bill is 

22    providing?  

23                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President, I believe my colleague is asking 

25    about capital for libraries, which is not within 


                                                               4983

 1    this budget.  

 2                 This budget, with respect to 

 3    libraries, only deals with school libraries.

 4                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

 5    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

 6    yield?

 7                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 8    sponsor yield?

 9                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

11    sponsor yields.

12                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Thank you, that 

13    will be in a later bill.  

14                 So Library Materials Aid, then, 

15    would be in here.  They've been at the $6 mark I 

16    think since 1994.  The libraries were asking for 

17    some additional funds there.  I think $11.33 was 

18    their ask.  Did they get any additional in 

19    Library Materials Aid?  

20                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

21    Mr. President, no.  That's unfortunate, but no.

22                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And through you, 

23    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

24    yield?  

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 


                                                               4984

 1    sponsor yield? 

 2                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 4    sponsor yields.

 5                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

 6    Mr. President.  Not to harp on the EV bus 

 7    mandate, but I did hear earlier you mentioned the 

 8    $500 million Sustainable Futures money that was 

 9    used, I think by NYSERDA, to help pay for the 

10    EV buses.  

11                 Will that money get returned to 

12    ratepayers that it was taken from?

13                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

14    Mr. President.  Those funds were direct 

15    appropriations or reimbursement to school 

16    districts for the costs that my colleagues are 

17    complaining about due to the cost of implementing 

18    this electric school bus requirement.  

19                 So it did not go to ratepayers.  But 

20    to the extent that it reimburses school 

21    districts, it reduces the pressure on them with 

22    respect to property tax.

23                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Thank you.  

24                 And through you, Mr. President, 

25    would the sponsor continue to yield?  


                                                               4985

 1                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 2    sponsor yield? 

 3                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 5    sponsor yields.

 6                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And this -- I 

 7    know that it's difficult in the grand scheme of a 

 8    large budget conversation with multiple bills, 

 9    but NYSERDA has also had various pots of money to 

10    pay in portion for the electric buses for school 

11    districts that do adopt them.  

12                 Will those pots of money be 

13    distributed back to the ratepayers that they were 

14    overcollected from?  Or will they just sit in 

15    NYSERDA's coffers?

16                 (Pause.)

17                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

18    Mr. President.  If I understand correctly the 

19    question, I believe the question is about funds 

20    that NYSERDA possesses which my colleague has 

21    suggested should be returned to ratepayers.  

22                 These are funds that are off-budget.  

23    NYSERDA is off-budget.  NYSERDA has allocated 

24    these funds, many of which are being used by 

25    school districts for planning for the 


                                                               4986

 1    implementation of the electric school bus 

 2    requirement.  

 3                 And they're not going back to 

 4    ratepayers, they're being used for projects as 

 5    designated by NYSERDA.  But NYSERDA has been a 

 6    key player in the effectiveness of moving towards 

 7    electric school buses.

 8                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Thank you.  

 9                 And through you, Mr. President, will 

10    the sponsor continue to yield?

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

12    sponsor yield?

13                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

14                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

15    sponsor yields.

16                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   I know that 

17    two-thirds of New York State school districts, 

18    roughly, are hold-harmless at this point.  Are 

19    they receiving the minimum of a 2 percent 

20    increase in Foundation Aid?  Is that what I 

21    understand?

22                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

23    Mr. President.  You know, at the urging of the 

24    Senate Majority and the Assembly Majority, the 

25    1 percent which the Governor proposed was doubled 


                                                               4987

 1    to 2 percent.  So every district that's on the 

 2    save-harmless will get at least 2 percent.  And 

 3    some districts are obviously getting more because 

 4    of other changes that occurred.

 5                 SENATOR WALCZYK:  Through you, 

 6    Mr. President, will the sponsor continue to 

 7    yield?  

 8                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

 9    sponsor yield?   

10                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

12    sponsor yields.

13                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   My esteemed, 

14    distinguished, and well-respected colleague from 

15    the Finger Lakes asked some questions about the 

16    Rockefeller Institute's suggestions for changes 

17    to Foundation Aid and the way that we distribute 

18    school aid.

19                 One that's always -- and I think 

20    we've had some conversations about it.  The floor 

21    of the income wealth index, has that been 

22    eliminated to show how poor a school district 

23    actually is?  

24                 Have there been any changes to the 

25    way that the income wealth index is calculated?


                                                               4988

 1                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

 2    Mr. President, no.  That recommendation or 

 3    menu -- in the menu of suggestions by the 

 4    Rockefeller Institute, was not implemented last 

 5    year when we made the changes.  

 6                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

 7    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

 8    yield?  

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

10    sponsor yield?

11                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

13    sponsor yields.  

14                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Does it change 

15    the formula for schools with high state ownership 

16    of land or nontaxable land within their school 

17    district?  

18                 For example, I represent a number of 

19    schools in the Adirondack Park, which means they 

20    have a very small amount of property that they 

21    can actually tax.  Has there been any calculation 

22    changes as far as that goes in this proposal?

23                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

24    Mr. President, no, there haven't been.  

25                 But I would point out -- and I think 


                                                               4989

 1    my colleagues on both sides of the aisle know 

 2    this -- this conference and our leadership, and 

 3    myself as chair and Senator Liu as chair of the 

 4    Committee on New York Schools, have fought to 

 5    expand and modify the Foundation Aid provisions 

 6    to provide even more relief to every district, 

 7    including the ones you're discussing, 

 8    Senator Walczyk.

 9                 We recognize this is not a perfect 

10    formula.  We fought for more changes.  We will 

11    fight for more changes.  We want the best.  But 

12    this budget is a compromise, and this is the best 

13    we could get.  And this is significantly better 

14    than we started with or could have anticipated.  

15                 And so with that, I'm here defending 

16    this budget.  

17                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And through you, 

18    Mr. President, will the sponsor continue to 

19    yield?  

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

21    sponsor yield?

22                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

23                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

24    sponsor yields.

25                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 


                                                               4990

 1    Mr. President.  School districts had also 

 2    requested a change in the capital projects outlay 

 3    for the smaller construction projects that they 

 4    do, an increase from 100K to 250.  Was that 

 5    included in this budget?

 6                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through 

 7    Mr. President, no, it wasn't, although it was in 

 8    our one-house and something we supported.

 9                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And through you, 

10    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

11    yield?  

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

13    sponsor yield?

14                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

16    sponsor yields.

17                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   We've also 

18    discussed the 4 percent in undesignated reserve, 

19    at times showing that small, poor, rural school 

20    districts, one student moving into their district 

21    can have a huge budgetary impact.  

22                 Have we increased at all or changed 

23    at all the 4 percent in undesignated reserve?  

24                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

25    Mr. President, no, that's not included.  


                                                               4991

 1                 I have a bill that moved through 

 2    committee last week, as you know, that for 

 3    purposes of the increasing cost of special ed 

 4    students, we recommend that a significantly 

 5    higher reserve be authorized.

 6                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Through you, 

 7    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

 8    yield?

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

10    sponsor yield?

11                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

13    sponsor yields.  

14                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   What about -- the 

15    one-house had $10 million for civic education.  

16    Did that make it into the final budget here?

17                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

18    Mr. President.  I hope it does.  That would be in 

19    an appropriation bill.  That's not before us 

20    today.

21                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   And through you, 

22    Mr. President, would the sponsor continue to 

23    yield?  

24                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Will the 

25    sponsor yield?


                                                               4992

 1                 SENATOR MAYER:   Yes.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   The 

 3    sponsor yields.  

 4                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   There's also been 

 5    a number of proposals on financial literacy.  Is 

 6    there any instruction -- I know there was a long 

 7    discussion about math changes.  Anything on 

 8    financial literacy in the State of New York?

 9                 SENATOR MAYER:   Through you, 

10    Mr. President.  As I think you know, SED and the 

11    Board of Regents implemented a plan in which 

12    financial literacy is much more included in every 

13    grade level.  And that has to be implemented.  

14                 But I think the concept of 

15    increasing financial literacy is top of mind in 

16    the State Education Department, they're going to 

17    move in that direction.  

18                 SENATOR WALCZYK:   Thank you.  

19                 Thank you, Mr. President.

20                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Thank 

21    you, Senator Walczyk.  

22                 Are there any other Senators wishing 

23    to be heard?  

24                 Seeing and hearing none, debate is 

25    closed.


                                                               4993

 1                 The Secretary will ring the bell.

 2                 Might I make a programming note that 

 3    the vote explanation time is two minutes per 

 4    member.  If you are -- please adhere to the 

 5    two-minute limit.  We will ask you to explain 

 6    your vote as you approach the two minutes or 

 7    shortly thereafter.  

 8                 With that being said, read the last 

 9    section.

10                 THE SECRETARY:   Section 2.  This 

11    act shall take effect immediately.

12                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Call the 

13    roll.

14                 (The Secretary called the roll.)

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT BAILEY:   Senator 

16    Stec to explain his vote.

17                 SENATOR STEC:   Thank you, 

18    Mr. President.

19                 This electric bus mandate that we 

20    are delaying five years in this bill was approved 

21    in the Senate ELFA bill in 2022.  Not one member 

22    of this side of the aisle voted for the ELFA 

23    bill.  I suspect that a big part of that was the 

24    inclusion of this electric bus mandate.

25                 Since that time, I know I and a lot 


                                                               4994

 1    of people on this side of the aisle, and I 

 2    suspect on both sides of the aisle, have had the 

 3    opportunity to hear from our school districts.  

 4                 I have 48 school districts in my 

 5    Senate district.  In the last three years, I have 

 6    not heard a single school district tell me that 

 7    they thought the EV bus mandate was a wise idea 

 8    or a workable idea or certainly an affordable 

 9    idea.

10                 I'm encouraged that three or four 

11    years after its inclusion in the budget that we 

12    are delaying it five years.  I'd prefer to see it 

13    go away completely.  This one-size-fits-all 

14    approach -- very rural, very large school 

15    districts in the very, very cold North Country 

16    are a completely different proposition than a 

17    highly congested, urban area to the south of 

18    Albany with short runs.  And you've been hearing 

19    that for years.  

20                 Again, I'm encouraged that we're 

21    going to go with the delay.  But with my 

22    background in engineering, I strongly suspect 

23    that the physics, engineering and economics won't 

24    appreciably change in the next five years.  And 

25    five years and two gubernatorial elections from 


                                                               4995

 1    now, it will still be a bad idea.  

 2                 And I will continue to be pushing -- 

 3    until technology changes, I will be pushing to 

 4    make sure that we repeal this mandate on all of 

 5    our schools.  

 6                 And I will be voting in the 

 7    affirmative on this bill, but I still think that 

 8    this EV mandate is something that needs to go 

 9    away completely.

10                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

11    Stec to be recorded in the affirmative.

12                 Senator Harckham to explain his 

13    vote.

14                 SENATOR HARCKHAM:   Thank you very 

15    much, Mr. President.  

16                 I just want to respond to a couple 

17    of things very quickly.  

18                 The comment was made about the need 

19    for tax relief for our taxpayers and school 

20    districts.  It was this Majority, under the 

21    leadership of Senator Mayer and Senator Liu and 

22    Senator Jackson, that fully funded Foundation 

23    Aid -- billions of dollars more for our school 

24    districts, billions of dollars more that our 

25    local property taxpayers don't have to pay.


                                                               4996

 1                 I also want to just comment on the 

 2    EV mandate.  Yes, the marketplace had some 

 3    problems, and we acknowledge that.  And that's 

 4    why this five-year delay is so necessary.  But 

 5    let's remember why we need to do this.  

 6                 Students on school buses breathe 

 7    19 times more harmful pollutants than folks not 

 8    on those buses:  Benzene, formaldehyde, 

 9    acetaldehyde.  These are toxics that are linked 

10    to cancer and other serious health effects.  The 

11    particulate matter on the buses in terms of 

12    asthma and other respiratory illnesses.  

13                 And our school districts are now 

14    complaining about the high cost of gasoline.  The 

15    price to operate an electric school bus is 

16    actually far lower.  Yes, they're more expensive 

17    up front, priced to operate lower.

18                 I vote aye.

19                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

20    Harckham to be recorded in the affirmative.

21                 Senator May to explain her vote.

22                 SENATOR MAY:   Thank you, 

23    Mr. President.

24                 I rise with some compassion for my 

25    colleagues across the aisle who every year need 


                                                               4997

 1    to use the budget debate to preach fiscal 

 2    responsibility.  I imagine that's difficult to do 

 3    when the leader of your party is engaged in 

 4    wasteful spending and corruption at a scale that 

 5    we have never seen in this country before.

 6                 I am proud to defend spending 

 7    billions on education, educating all of our 

 8    children; on supporting childcare workers; and on 

 9    other items that really support the people of our 

10    state, rather than some of the things that we're 

11    seeing at the federal level that are, you know, 

12    billions being spent on a golden ballroom or a 

13    slush fund for January 6th insurrectionists.  

14                 I proudly vote aye for this bill.

15                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

16    May to be recorded in the affirmative.

17                 Senator Ryan to explain his vote.  

18                 SENATOR RYAN:   Thank you, 

19    Mr. President.  

20                 So I want to rise in support of this 

21    bill, and I want to specifically talk about the 

22    inclusion of my bill, the five-year pause on the 

23    electric school bus mandate.  I want you to know 

24    that.  

25                 So throughout my tenure here, my 


                                                               4998

 1    short tenure, what I heard loud and clear 

 2    specifically for the last year and a half, and 

 3    also heard it actually when I was trying to get 

 4    this job, is about this bill and the mandate, 

 5    mandate.  

 6                 What I heard consistently through 

 7    the districts, feedback that it was unmanageable.  

 8    Countless hundreds and hundreds of conversations 

 9    through the last year and a half at least.  I 

10    heard from school superintendents, school boards, 

11    school members, financial administrators, 

12    transportation directors, those that drove the 

13    actual school buses, that the mandate just wasn't 

14    possible; the current mandate timeline burdening 

15    taxpayers; the cost of electric buses, charging 

16    and infrastructure upgrades, electrical capacity, 

17    and on and on and on.

18                 I am really happy that we were able 

19    to get this done with this five-year pause.  It's 

20    practical, it's responsible, it's common sense.  

21    And obviously it adds some temporary relief, 

22    much-needed temporary relief.  This gives our 

23    districts time to plan, allows the -- allows the 

24    buses to catch up to technology, providing 

25    infrastructure to catch up, and also protects 


                                                               4999

 1    taxpayers, in maintaining the safe, reliable 

 2    transportation for our students, our kids, which 

 3    is actually the most important thing.  

 4                 So I'm happy that we have a balanced 

 5    approach.  I'm happy that there's a sense of 

 6    pragmatism.  I'm happy that this is getting done, 

 7    much-needed relief, which we heard.  

 8                 And I will say that really I have to 

 9    just acknowledge some of the people that actually 

10    we've been working with for almost the last two 

11    years:  Our New York State United Teachers, the 

12    New York State School Boards Association, 

13    Council of Superintendents, School 

14    Administrators, Conference of Big 5 School 

15    Districts --

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

17    Ryan, how do you vote?

18                 SENATOR RYAN:   -- and most 

19    importantly, Andrea Stewart-Cousins.

20                 Thank you.

21                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

22    Ryan to be recorded in the affirmative.

23                 Senator Kavanagh to explain his 

24    vote.

25                 SENATOR KAVANAGH:   Thank you, 


                                                               5000

 1    Mr. President.  

 2                 I'd just like to comment on a few 

 3    elements of this bill.  There's a lot of great 

 4    things in this bill.  I want to comment on a few 

 5    of the things related to housing.  

 6                 First of all, this bill includes a 

 7    very substantial expansion of the J-51 program, 

 8    extends it for 10 years.  This will be a very 

 9    valuable way of investing in the quality and 

10    sustainability of our housing throughout New York 

11    City.  About half of all co-ops in the city will 

12    qualify under this bill, and many, many of our 

13    rental units.

14                 This will require adoption by the 

15    City of New York, but it's a huge step forward 

16    and a very much more generous program than we've 

17    seen in many years.  

18                 Secondly, on tenant harassment.  

19    Contrary to what one of my colleagues suggested 

20    across the aisle, the activity that's going on in 

21    Chelsea, in New York, would not constitute 

22    harassment under this bill or any other bill.  

23                 We are not exempting NYCHA from 

24    being responsible.  In fact, the tenants in 

25    Chelsea have been protected by federal standards 


                                                               5001

 1    for determining when they can be asked to leave 

 2    their apartments.  And of course that is about a 

 3    project of building lots of new housing units and 

 4    moving the tenants in the existing units into 

 5    brand-new buildings.  

 6                 Whatever you think of that project, 

 7    this bill is about landlords who intentionally 

 8    cut off the power, intentionally make apartments 

 9    uninhabitable in order to intentionally push 

10    people out of their apartments.  It's very 

11    important that we take this step, and this is a 

12    very good way of protecting tenants.  

13                 Thirdly, the NPP and RPP programs, 

14    these are the Neighborhood and Rural Preservation 

15    Programs across our state.  This bill finally, 

16    after many years, will make sure that every rural 

17    community has an RPP.  We're expanding the 

18    program to make sure there can be additional 

19    organizations serving parts of the state that 

20    haven't been served.  

21                 And it also, as we did last year, 

22    expands the amount of money available for those 

23    programs.  They are the backbone of protecting 

24    many of our communities, and I'm very proud that 

25    we're able to do that today.


                                                               5002

 1                 And with that, I vote aye.

 2                 Thank you.

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 4    Kavanagh to be recorded in the affirmative.

 5                 Senator Ortt to explain his vote.

 6                 SENATOR ORTT:   Thank you, 

 7    Mr. President.  You know, I wasn't going to 

 8    speak, I just came out here to enjoy the fun.  

 9                 But I am supporting the bill, along 

10    with a lot of our members, largely because of the 

11    EV mandate delay, which this conference, the 

12    Minority Conference, has advocated for, fought 

13    for.  

14                 The delay certainly I think 

15    highlights the flaws in the original legislation.  

16    And I suspect the delay won't be enough and we'll 

17    continue to have to correct this and ultimately 

18    get rid of the mandate.  Because as was mentioned 

19    by Senator Ryan and others, our school districts 

20    were the ones saying, This isn't going to work.  

21                 And that's what we said from the 

22    very beginning, and now here we are on another 

23    episode of "We Told You So."

24                 But Mr. President, I want to add -- 

25    I want to respond to something my colleague 


                                                               5003

 1    across the aisle said.  Don't feel bad for me to 

 2    preach fiscal responsibility.  You make it so 

 3    easy in the Majority Conference, because you're 

 4    spending $15 billion over last year on a budget 

 5    that's two months late and counting.  And it's 

 6    100 billion over the last seven years.  

 7                 So when it comes to preaching fiscal 

 8    responsibility, it's never been easier, 

 9    Mr. President.  

10                 I vote aye.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

12    Ortt to be recorded in the affirmative.

13                 Senator Gianaris.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you, 

15    Mr. President.  To explain my vote.  

16                 I guess this is the part of the 

17    conversation where I stand up and point out to my 

18    colleague the Minority Leader that the first word 

19    of his title is "Minority" for a reason.  It's 

20    because the voters of this state have chosen the 

21    leadership that we have provided, now going on 

22    eight years, with a record-setting-size majority.  

23                 So I think that what we're doing 

24    here is something that the people of this state 

25    have supported over four, now going on five 


                                                               5004

 1    election cycles.  

 2                 I proudly vote aye, Mr. President.  

 3                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 4    Gianaris to be recorded in the affirmative.

 5                 Senator Martins to explain his vote.

 6                 SENATOR MARTINS:   Thank you, 

 7    Mr. President.

 8                 I vote to support this bill as well, 

 9    mostly because of the increased spending.  And I 

10    want to thank certainly my colleagues here for 

11    all the work that they've done to push back on 

12    the EV bus mandate.  It makes a big difference in 

13    our communities, certainly in our school 

14    districts.  

15                 And I concur with my colleagues when 

16    I say we should just get rid of it.  It's not 

17    going to make sense.  It won't make sense 

18    tomorrow.  The weather doesn't permit for it.  

19    The technology's not there.  And just putting it 

20    back five years is not going to resolve this 

21    issue.

22                 And a word of advice for our school 

23    districts that are out there who may go out there 

24    and purchase these school buses in anticipation 

25    of meeting that deadline.  Please don't.  


                                                               5005

 1                 You know, the real victims here are 

 2    those school districts in our state that went out 

 3    there and actually purchased these buses and 

 4    burdened themselves with the cost of these buses 

 5    because they understood that the Majority had 

 6    imposed that on them.  And although they didn't 

 7    agree with it, they went ahead and did it at the 

 8    expense of spending that money on education, on 

 9    books, on facilities for their kids, and now 

10    they're stuck with these things and they're not 

11    able to actually use them.

12                 So as we approach this delay, please 

13    don't buy them, because this will be delayed 

14    again.  

15                 I vote aye.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

17    Martins to be recorded in the affirmative.

18                 Senator Mayer to explain her vote.

19                 SENATOR MAYER:   Thank you, 

20    Mr. President.

21                 I think it's quite extraordinary 

22    that this debate was all in this extremely 

23    negative tone.  

24                 This is an extremely positive 

25    development, given the moment we are in.  We not 


                                                               5006

 1    only got the full funding of Foundation Aid, as 

 2    our Senate deputy leader acknowledged.  This year 

 3    we doubled the amount the Governor was 

 4    allocating.  

 5                 All of us want more money for our 

 6    school districts.  So in addition to getting at 

 7    least 2 percent more, also we have updated the 

 8    Foundation Aid formula this year.  And it's too 

 9    bad we didn't talk about it, because the biggest 

10    district in New York and in fact in the nation, 

11    the New York City School District, is going to 

12    benefit by an additional weight for students 

13    experiencing homelessness, foster care, and the 

14    increased weight for English language learners -- 

15    as well as districts outside of New York City.  

16                 These are our children too.  Not 

17    only do -- I don't represent New York City, but I 

18    care about those kids.  And we have done 

19    something very positive for them.  

20                 And for all of us outside New York 

21    City, we have made a profound investment in 

22    full-day pre-K for 4-year-olds which never 

23    existed as a universal requirement until this 

24    budget will make it happen in the next two years.  

25                 We've given flexibility on the 


                                                               5007

 1    buses -- thank you, Senator Ryan, for your 

 2    leadership.  But I think we have to thank our 

 3    leader, Senator Stewart-Cousins, for ensuring 

 4    that this budget reflected our collective 

 5    commitment to every kid.  

 6                 And it's a shame that my colleagues 

 7    complained about the additional cost when they 

 8    actually all want additional money for their 

 9    districts.  I've worked with them all to try to 

10    get money for their districts.  This budget, not 

11    perfect, gives money to every district, improves 

12    the outcomes for our children, and expands 

13    accessibility for every child in New York, 

14    including the places we don't represent that we 

15    have an obligation to speak up for.  

16                 I vote aye.

17                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

18    Mayer to be recorded in the affirmative.

19                 Senator Fahy to explain her vote.

20                 SENATOR FAHY:   Thank you, 

21    Mr. President.  

22                 I too stand in support and will be 

23    voting aye on this bill.  And incredibly grateful 

24    to the leader and all of those who played a part 

25    in many parts of this, starting with the 


                                                               5008

 1    Foundation Aid.  

 2                 I now have about 17 school 

 3    districts.  Many of them will really use that 

 4    additional Foundation Aid.  I'm proud of our 

 5    colleagues for pushing that.  

 6                 I also think it was incredibly 

 7    important to tweak the formula to add in 

 8    homeless, ELL and foster care students.

 9                 I'm also very pleased that we will 

10    now make large renewable energy projects state 

11    aid-eligible, reimbursable.  

12                 And I know the electric -- I have 

13    certainly heard a lot about the electric buses.  

14    I thank the Majority Leader for listening to us 

15    and Senator Ryan for his leadership on this.  

16    They needed time.  Many are trying to do the 

17    right thing here.  We may need some changes as we 

18    go forward as well, because this has been a 

19    challenge.  

20                 Finally, I also want to mention that 

21    probably my favorite part of the entire budget is 

22    that we are delivering on the financial promise 

23    from years ago of the universal pre-K.  All of my 

24    districts benefited, many of them to the point of 

25    doubling the UPK funding per student, which has 


                                                               5009

 1    been nothing short of extraordinary.  

 2                 And again, I vote aye.  Thank you 

 3    again for this budget.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

 5    Fahy to be recorded in the affirmative.

 6                 Senator Borrello to explain his 

 7    vote.

 8                 SENATOR BORRELLO:   Thank you, 

 9    Mr. President.

10                 Yeah, I am supporting this bill 

11    today, largely because of the extension of this 

12    EV mandate.  

13                 But, you know, I do find it a little 

14    rich to listen to folks talk about giving 

15    themselves credit.  I mean, it's kind of like the 

16    arsonist taking credit for coming back to fight 

17    the fire.  

18                 This was a mandate that you put in 

19    place.  It's been in place long enough -- you 

20    could have suspended it a while ago.  But now the 

21    Governor's in a reelection fight and we've got to 

22    learn about the fact that these school districts 

23    have not been able to meet this mandate.  

24                 And I'm wondering, if we're thinking 

25    that the technology's going to improve, like if 


                                                               5010

 1    they kept their receipt, can they get their money 

 2    back for the buses that they bought that are 

 3    obviously going to be better in five years?  I 

 4    don't think so.  

 5                 So this is still a problem.  We 

 6    still have to address this.  But I'll take the 

 7    half a loaf today, and I'll be voting aye.

 8                 Thank you.

 9                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   Senator 

10    Borrello to be recorded in the affirmative.

11                 Announce the results.

12                 THE SECRETARY:   In relation to 

13    Calendar 1284, voting in the negative are 

14    Senators O'Mara and Walczyk.

15                 Ayes, 59.  Nays, 2.

16                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The bill 

17    has passed.

18                 Senator Gianaris, that completes the 

19    reading of the controversial calendar.

20                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Thank you, 

21    Mr. President.  

22                 Returning to motions for a moment, 

23    on behalf of Senator Parker, on page 34 I offer 

24    the following amendments to Calendar 637, 

25    Senate 9433A, and ask that said bill retain its 


                                                               5011

 1    place on Third Reading Calendar.

 2                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

 3    amendments are received, and the bill will retain 

 4    its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

 5                 Senator Gianaris.  

 6                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   On behalf of 

 7    Senator May, on page 23 I offer the following 

 8    amendments to Calendar 238, Senate Print 7131A, 

 9    and ask that said bill retain its place on 

10    Third Reading Calendar.

11                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

12    amendments are received, and the bill will retain 

13    its place on the Third Reading Calendar.

14                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   At the request 

15    of the sponsors of the resolutions we took up 

16    earlier today, they are all open for 

17    cosponsorship.

18                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   The 

19    resolutions are open for cosponsorship.  Should 

20    you choose not to be a cosponsor, please notify 

21    the desk.

22                 Senator Gianaris.

23                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   Is there any 

24    further business at the desk?

25                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   There is 


                                                               5012

 1    no further business at the desk.

 2                 SENATOR GIANARIS:   I move to 

 3    adjourn until Thursday, May 21st, at 11:00 a.m.

 4                 ACTING PRESIDENT COONEY:   On 

 5    motion, the Senate stands adjourned until 

 6    Thursday, May 21st, at 11:00 a.m.

 7                 (Whereupon, at 5:23 p.m., the Senate 

 8    adjourned.)

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