Give HIV Info to Inmates

Justification

Prisons are breeding grounds for infectious diseases, namely HIV and AIDS. Such is evident in the AIDS rate in state and federal prisons, which is seven times higher than in the general U.S. population. Between 1995 and 1999, the HIV infection rate in Federal and State pris- ons rose from 1,500 to 25,757 according to the U.S. Department of Justice.

As of 2001, New York State has the largest known infection rate of 7,000 inmates. The debilitating effect of AIDS on racial and ethnic minority communities has worsened, as the demography of the epidemic has changed considerably over the last decade. African Americans and Hispanics, in particular, are now disproportionately affected. Racial minority groups today represent almost three quarters of new AIDS cases. Although Hispanics made up only about 14% of the population of the United States, they accounted for 19% of the estimated cases diagnosed since the begin- ning of the epidemic, and alarmingly, in 2004 Hispanics accounted for 20% of new diagnoses.

African Americans accounted for 43% of all AIDS cases reported during that same year, even though African Americans make up just 12% of the population. Among African American women, the figures are even more alarming - 67% of American women diagnosed with AIDS in 2004 were black. According to a recent study by researchers at U.C. Berkeley, the high rate of African American men in incarceration may also have played a role in the rapid spread of HIV throughout the African American communi- ty. Researchers discovered that the increase in AIDS among black Ameri- cans closely corresponds to the rise in incarceration rates of black men over the past two decades.

This is due, in part, to the fact that prison systems are havens for high risk behaviors that make the spread of HIV prevalent, including intravenous (IV) drug use, tattooing, unprotected sex between men and male rape and the use of contaminated cutting instruments. It is also a result of the HIV positive men and women entering the system and those who are infected during their incarceration, who do not know their

status and lack adequate information and resources to protect them- selves.

Under these circumstances, HIV is being transmitted unwittingly, and resultantly, a number of positive HIV cases in prisons are increasing. As hundreds of thousands of young men are released from prison each year, many will return to those communities that are hardest hit by HIV. Without proper education and counseling of regarding HIV status, the impact on minority communities will undoubtedly worsen.

Requiring notification about the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and instructions about how to obtain free HIV testing upon release, including contact information for HIV counseling and testing service providers, upon release from incarceration will further the goals of HIV control, prevention, and education and help to alleviate barriers to health care that typically exist upon release.

Prior legislative history

A.8849-A of 2007/2008; A.8384-B of 2009/2010; A.614 of 2011/2012; A.3496 of 2013/2014; A.3287 of 2015/2016; A.1805-A of 2017/2018.

Fiscal implications for state and local governments

Minimal.

Effective date

To take effect on the sixtieth day after it shall have become law